Mahd-i Ulya
Mahd-i Ulyā (Persian: مهد علیا, meaning "Sublime Cradle" or the highest ranked cradle), also transliterated as Mahd-e Olyā, was a common title for empress mother, mothers of Shahs, or crown princes, in Iran during the Safavid and Qajar eras. It is also occasionally used in a similar context for the wife or the mother of a local ruler or a religious leader:
- Khayr al-Nisa Begum, wife of Shah Muhammad Khodabanda and mother of Shah Abbas I
- Malek Jahan Khanom, mother of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar
- Fatimih, wife of Bahá'u'lláh
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