Lymphotoxin alpha

LTA
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases LTA, LT, TNFB, TNFSF1, Lymphotoxin alpha, TNLG1E
External IDs MGI: 104797 HomoloGene: 497 GeneCards: LTA
RNA expression pattern


More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez

4049

16992

Ensembl

n/a

ENSMUSG00000024402

UniProt

P01374

P09225

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000595
NM_001159740

NM_010735

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000586.2
NP_001153212.1

NP_034865.1

Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 31.57 – 31.57 Mb Chr 17: 35.2 – 35.21 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-alpha) or Tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LTA gene.[3][4]

Function

Lymphotoxin alpha, a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, is a cytokine produced by lymphocytes. LTA is highly inducible, secreted, and exists as homotrimeric molecule. LTA forms heterotrimers with lymphotoxin-beta, which anchors lymphotoxin-alpha to the cell surface. LTA mediates a large variety of inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and antiviral responses. LTA is also involved in the formation of secondary lymphoid organs during development and plays a role in apoptosis.[5]

In LTα knockout mice, all Peyer's patches and lymph nodes will fail to develop indicating LTα's importance in immunological development.[6]

Interactions

Lymphotoxin alpha has been shown to interact with LTB.[7][8][9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
  2. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
  3. ↑ Nedwin GE, Naylor SL, Sakaguchi AY, Smith D, Jarrett-Nedwin J, Pennica D, Goeddel DV, Gray PW (Sep 1985). "Human lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor genes: structure, homology and chromosomal localization". Nucleic Acids Research. 13 (17): 6361–73. doi:10.1093/nar/13.17.6361. PMC 321958Freely accessible. PMID 2995927.
  4. ↑ Aggarwal BB, Eessalu TE, Hass PE (February 1986). "Characterization of receptors for human tumour necrosis factor and their regulation by gamma-interferon". Nature. 318 (6047): 665–7. doi:10.1038/318665a0. PMID 3001529.
  5. ↑ "Entrez Gene: LTA lymphotoxin alpha (TNF superfamily, member 1)".
  6. ↑ Akirav, Eitan; Liao, Shan; Ruddle, Nancy (2008). "Chapter 2: Lymphoid Tissues and Organs". In Paul, William. Fundamental Immunology (Book) (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 27–55. ISBN 0-7817-6519-6.
  7. ↑ Williams-Abbott L, Walter BN, Cheung TC, Goh CR, Porter AG, Ware CF (Aug 1997). "The lymphotoxin-alpha (LTalpha) subunit is essential for the assembly, but not for the receptor specificity, of the membrane-anchored LTalpha1beta2 heterotrimeric ligand". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (31): 19451–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.31.19451. PMID 9235946.
  8. ↑ Browning JL, Sizing ID, Lawton P, Bourdon PR, Rennert PD, Majeau GR, Ambrose CM, Hession C, Miatkowski K, Griffiths DA, Ngam-ek A, Meier W, Benjamin CD, Hochman PS (Oct 1997). "Characterization of lymphotoxin-alpha beta complexes on the surface of mouse lymphocytes". Journal of Immunology. 159 (7): 3288–98. PMID 9317127.
  9. ↑ Browning JL, Dougas I, Ngam-ek A, Bourdon PR, Ehrenfels BN, Miatkowski K, Zafari M, Yampaglia AM, Lawton P, Meier W (Jan 1995). "Characterization of surface lymphotoxin forms. Use of specific monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors". Journal of Immunology. 154 (1): 33–46. PMID 7995952.

Further reading


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