Luhansk
Coordinates: 48°34′N 39°18′E / 48.567°N 39.300°E
| Luhansk / Lugansk Луганськ / Луганск | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Hotel Ukraine, architect Joseph Karakis | |||
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  Luhansk / Lugansk Location of Luhansk | |||
| Coordinates: 48°34′0″N 39°20′0″E / 48.56667°N 39.33333°E | |||
| Country |
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| Oblast | Luhansk Oblast | ||
| Founded | 1795 | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 257 km2 (99 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 105 m (344 ft) | ||
| Population (2013) | |||
| • Total | 425,848 | ||
| • Density | 1,802/km2 (4,670/sq mi) | ||
| Postal code | 91000 | ||
| Area code(s) | +380 642 | ||
| Climate | Dfa | ||
| Website | http://gorod.lugansk.ua/ | ||
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The city of Luhansk (Ukrainian: Луганськ, IPA: [luˈɦɑnʲsʲk]) or Lugansk (Russian: Луганск; IPA: [lʊˈgansk]), formerly known as Voroshilovgrad (1935-1958 and 1970-1990), functions as the administrative center of Luhansk Oblast in easternmost Ukraine. The city itself is also designated as city of oblast significance. Population: 425,848 (2013 est.)[1].
Luhansk has been controlled by the forces of the Luhansk People's Republic since 2014. After the rebels captured Luhansk the (pro-Kiev) administration of Luhansk Oblast was moved to Sievierodonetsk.
History
The city traces its history to 1795 when the British industrialist Charles Gascoigne founded a metal factory near the Zaporizhian Cossacks settlement Kamianyi Brid. The settlement around the factory was known as Luganskiy Zavod. In 1882 the factory settlement Luganskiy Zavod was merged with the town of Kamianyi Brid into the city of Luhansk. Located in the Donets Basin, Luhansk developed into an important industrial center of Eastern Europe, particularly as a home to the major locomotive-building company Luhanskteplovoz. The city was occupied by Nazi Germany between July 14, 1942 and February 14, 1943.
On November 5, 1935, the city was renamed Voroshilovgrad (Russian: Ворошиловград, Ukrainian: Ворошиловград - Voroshylovhrad) in honour of Soviet military commander and politician Kliment Voroshilov. On March 5, 1958, with the call of Khrushchev not to give names of living people to cities, the old name was reinstated.[2][3] On January 5, 1970, after the death of Voroshilov on December 2, 1969, the name changed again to Voroshilovgrad. Finally, on May 4, 1990, a decree of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR gave the city back its original name.
In 1994 a referendum took place in the Donetsk Oblast and the Luhansk Oblast, with around 90% supporting the Russian language gaining status of an official language alongside Ukrainian, and for the Russian language to be an official language on a regional level; however, the referendum was annulled by the Kiev government.[4][5]
During the 2014 protests in Eastern Ukraine, separatists seized governmental buildings in the region, proclaiming the Luhansk People's Republic. An independence referendum was held on May 11, 2014. The legitimacy of the referendums was not recognized by most governments.[6] However, the Luhansk People's Republic was recognized by South Ossetia.[7] Ukraine does not recognize the referendum, while the EU and US said the polls were illegal.[8]
On 25 June 2014, Luhansk was officially pronounced as the capital of the Luhansk People's Republic by the government of the Luhansk People's Republic.[9]
In August 2014, Ukrainian government forces completely surrounded rebel-held Luhansk.[10] Heavy shelling caused civilian casualties in the city.[11][12][13] On August 17, Ukrainian soldiers entered rebel-controlled Luhansk and gained control over a police station.[14]
After the Ilovaisk counteroffensive, LPR forces regained Lutuhyne and other Luhansk suburbs. Ukrainian forces withdrew from the Luhansk International Airport on 1 September after heavy fighting.[15]
To celebrate the "independence" of the Lugansk People's Republic, in 2015 Lugansk became the place of a major rock concert called Novorossiya-Rock, attracting such notable Russian language artists as Vadim Vadim Samoylov (ex-Agatha Christie, Chicherina, and 7B.[16]
Demographics
According to the Ukrainian Census of 2001[17] the majority of inhabitants declared as Ukrainians, at 49.6%, followed by Russians, at 47%. The first language ("mother tongue") was Russian at 85.3%, Ukrainian at 13.7%, and smaller numbers of speakers of Armenian (0.2%) and Belarusian (0.1%).
Sport
Luhansk is home to Zorya Luhansk which now plays in the Ukrainian Premier League annual football championship and plays at the Avanhard Stadium. The club won the 1972 Soviet Top League.
The other football team was Dynamo Luhansk.
Merheleva Ridge
On September 7, 2006, archaeologists in Ukraine announced that an ancient structure had been discovered near Luhansk, which the press reported as a pyramid antedating those in Egypt by at least 300 years. The stone foundations of the structure were said to resemble Aztec and Mayan pyramids in Mesoamerica. It was later concluded that the site in question was not a pyramid but was still of great interest.
Gallery
During 2014 and 2015, Luhansk has been the scene of intense fighting and most of these buildings are damaged to some extent. Some may be destroyed.
Luhansk drama theatre
Luhansk University
Night Luhansk, Radianska street
"Luhansk" hotel
St. Volodymyr Cathedral in Luhansk
City history museum
Soviet buildings in central Luhansk
City old hospital
Vladimir Dal monument
Lugansk drama theatre
Notable people
- Nikolay Shmatko (born 1943), sculptor, professor and painter.
- Sergey Bubka (born 1963), Soviet and Ukrainian pole vaulter, former World Record holder, and Olympic Champion
- Vasiliy Bubka (born 1960), Soviet and Ukrainian pole vaulter
- Vladimir Dal (1801–1872), Russian lexicographer
- Fedor Emelianenko (born 1976), a mixed martial arts champion
- Andriy Serdinov (born 1982), Ukrainian swimmer
- Kliment Voroshilov (1881–1969), Soviet military commander
- Mikhail Matusovsky (1915–1990), Soviet poet, songwriter
- Oleksandr Zavarov (born 1961), Soviet and Ukrainian football player and coach
- Valeriy Brumel (1942–2003), Soviet olympic champion
- Sergei Semak, Russian football player
- Viktor Onopko, Russian football player
- Yelyzaveta Bryzhina (Born 1989), Sprinter, Bronze Medal 4 × 100 m Relay London 2012
Climate
Luhansk has both the highest and lowest temperature recorded in Ukraine; a record high of 42.0 °C (107.6 °F) was recorded on 12 August 2010 while a record low of −41.9 °C (−43.4 °F) was recorded on 8 January 1935.[18]
| Climate data for Luhansk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 12.8 (55) |
17.3 (63.1) |
23.1 (73.6) |
31.8 (89.2) |
36.6 (97.9) |
39.4 (102.9) |
40.5 (104.9) |
42.0 (107.6) |
36.8 (98.2) |
31.2 (88.2) |
22.8 (73) |
15.6 (60.1) |
42.0 (107.6) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −1.0 (30.2) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
5.7 (42.3) |
15.6 (60.1) |
22.2 (72) |
26.4 (79.5) |
28.7 (83.7) |
28.2 (82.8) |
21.8 (71.2) |
13.9 (57) |
5.2 (41.4) |
0.1 (32.2) |
13.9 (57) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.0 (24.8) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
1.4 (34.5) |
9.7 (49.5) |
15.8 (60.4) |
20.1 (68.2) |
22.3 (72.1) |
21.2 (70.2) |
15.3 (59.5) |
8.6 (47.5) |
1.8 (35.2) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
8.8 (47.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −6.8 (19.8) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
4.2 (39.6) |
9.4 (48.9) |
13.8 (56.8) |
16.0 (60.8) |
14.5 (58.1) |
9.4 (48.9) |
4.0 (39.2) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
4.0 (39.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −41.9 (−43.4) |
−36.9 (−34.4) |
−27.3 (−17.1) |
−12.1 (10.2) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
5.2 (41.4) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−7.2 (19) |
−16.3 (2.7) |
−26.3 (−15.3) |
−29.6 (−21.3) |
−41.9 (−43.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 36 (1.42) |
36 (1.42) |
32 (1.26) |
33 (1.3) |
50 (1.97) |
61 (2.4) |
63 (2.48) |
34 (1.34) |
45 (1.77) |
35 (1.38) |
39 (1.54) |
39 (1.54) |
503 (19.8) |
| Average rainy days | 10 | 8 | 11 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 8 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 10 | 135 |
| Average snowy days | 17 | 16 | 10 | 1 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 1 | 7 | 16 | 68 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84 | 82 | 77 | 65 | 62 | 63 | 63 | 60 | 67 | 75 | 84 | 85 | 72 |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[19] | |||||||||||||
International relations
Luhansk is twinned with:
Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom[20][21]
Lublin, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland[21][22]
Székesfehérvár, Hungary[21][23]
Daqing, China[21][24]
Saint-Étienne, Loire, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France[21][25]
Pernik, Bulgaria[21]
See also
- East Ukraine Volodymyr Dahl National University
- Luhansk Airlines
- Luhansk Airport
- Luhansk State Medical University
- Luhanskteplovoz
- University of Luhansk
- Merheleva Ridge
References
- ↑ "Чисельність наявного населення України (Actual population of Ukraine)" (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
- ↑ "ВОЕННАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА -[ Биографии ]- Хрущёв С.Н. Хрущёв". Militera.lib.ru. Retrieved 2011-09-16.
- ↑ "Записки из Якирова Посада - Луганск-Ворошиловград-Луганск". Shusek.livejournal.com. 2009-11-02. Retrieved 2011-09-16.
- ↑ http://thekievtimes.ua/society/372400-donbass-zabytyj-referendum-1994.html
- ↑ http://www.nakanune.ru/articles/18807/
- ↑ "Ukraine's Eastern Region Of Luhansk May Now Hold Referendum On Joining Russia". Business Insider. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
- ↑ "South Ossetia Recogntition for Donetsk and Lughansk Republics". Retrieved 23 Nov 2014.
- ↑ BBC News 12 May 2014
- ↑ "ЗАКОН "О системе исполнительных органов государственной власти Луганской Народной Республики"". Retrieved 23 Nov 2014.
- ↑ "East Ukraine city of Luhansk dying under siege, residents say". The Denver Post. 5 August 2014.
- ↑ http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28770179
- ↑ "In Shell-Torn Luhansk, Food and Water Is Scarce: 'Welcome to Hell!'". Newsweek. 15 August 2014.
- ↑ http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/03/world/europe/ukraine-luhansk-building-attack/index.html?hpt=ieu_c2
- ↑ "Ukraine troops claim breakthrough in battle for rebel city Luhansk". The Guardian. Reuters. 17 August 2014. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
- ↑ http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-29009516
- ↑ http://don-ua.com/artistic/music/1782-v-donecke-proydut-rok-koncerty.html
- ↑ "All-Ukrainian Population Census '2001". State Statistics Committee of Ukraine.
- ↑ "Кліматичні рекорди" (in Ukrainian). Central Observatory for Geophysics. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ↑ Погода и климат [Weather and climate] (in Russian). pogodaiklimat.ru. Archived from the original on 12 July 2014. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
- ↑ "Home page of Cardiff Council – Cardiff's twin cities". Cardiff Council. 15 June 2010. Retrieved 10 August 2010.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "History of Luhansk". Official site of Luhansk City Council. 15 October 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
- ↑ "Miasta Partnerskie Lublina" [Lublin - Partnership Cities]. Urząd Miasta Lublin [City of Lublin] (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2013-08-07. External link in
|work=(help) - ↑ Bozsoki, Agnes. "Partnervárosok Névsora Partner és Testvérvárosok Névsora" [Partner and Twin Cities List]. City of Székesfehérvár (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 2012-12-08. Retrieved 2013-08-05.
- ↑ "大庆市与乌克兰卢甘斯克市的往来纪实". 大庆市外事侨务网站.
- ↑ Sue Bridger; Frances Pine (11 January 2013). Surviving Post-Socialism: Local Strategies and Regional Responses in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union. Routledge. p. 190. ISBN 978-1-135-10715-4. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
External links
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Look up luhansk in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Media related to Luhansk at Wikimedia Commons
Luhansk travel guide from Wikivoyage- Topographic map 1:100 000
- Historic images of Luhansk
- The sightseeings of Luhansk
- Marble sculpture of King of marble of Nicolai Shmatko.
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