Mayor of Los Angeles

Mayor of Los Angeles

Seal of City of Los Angeles
Incumbent
Eric Garcetti
since July 1, 2013
Style His Honor
Residence Getty House
Term length Four years
renewable once
Inaugural holder Alpheus P. Hodges
Formation 1850
Salary $239,993
Website Office of the Mayor

The Mayor of the City of Los Angeles is the official head and chief executive officer of Los Angeles, California. The mayor is elected for a four-year term and limited to serving no more than two terms. Under the California Constitution, all judicial, school, county, and city offices, including those of chartered cities, are nonpartisan. The 42nd and current Mayor is Eric Garcetti.

Duties and powers

Los Angeles has a strong mayor council form of government, giving the mayor the position of chief executive of the city. The mayor is given the authority to appoint general managers and commissioners, remove officials from city posts, and is required to propose a budget each year. Most of the mayor's appointments and proposals are subject to approval by the Los Angeles City Council, but the mayor has the power of veto or approval of City Council legislation.[1]

The organization of the mayor's office changes with administration, but is almost always governed by a chief of staff, deputy chief of staff, director of communications, and several deputy mayors. Each mayor also organizes his office into different offices, usually containing the Los Angeles Housing Team, Los Angeles Business Team, International Trade Office, Mayor's Volunteer Corps, and Office of Immigrant Affairs, among other divisions.[2]

The mayor has an office in the Los Angeles City Hall[3] and resides at the Mayor's Mansion, Getty House, located in Windsor Square in Hancock Park.[4] As of Fiscal Year 2015–16, the salary for the mayor is set at $239,993.[5]

Election

The mayor is elected in citywide election. Elections follow a two-round system. The first round of the election is called the primary election. The candidate receiving a majority of the vote in the primary is elected outright. If no candidate receives a majority, the top two candidates advance to a runoff election, called the general election. The City Charter allows for write-in candidates for the primary election, but not for the runoff in the general election. The mayor is elected to a four-year term, with a limit of two consecutive terms.[6] The office of Mayor is officially nonpartisan by state law, although most mayoral candidates identify a party preference.[7]

Elections for mayor were held in odd-numbered years from 1909 until 2013. In October 2014, the Los Angeles City Council recommended consolidating city elections with gubernatorial and presidential elections in even-numbered years in an effort to increase turnout.[8][9] On March 3, 2015, voters passed a charter amendment to extend the term of the mayor elected in 2017 to five-and-a-half years. From 2022 and onward, mayoral elections will be consolidated with the statewide gubernatorial elections held every four years.[10]

The most recent election was held in May 2013. Incumbent mayor Antonio Villaraigosa was ineligible to run for reelection due to term limits. Eric Garcetti and Wendy Greuel received the most votes in the March primary, and Garcetti was elected mayor in the May runoff election. Garcetti assumed office July 1, 2013, becoming the 42nd mayor of Los Angeles.[11]

Succession

In the case of an office vacancy, the City Council has a choice to appoint a new mayor or to hold a special election. The replacement, if appointed, will serve until the next regularly scheduled primary for a city general election. If any portion remains on the term, a special election will be held to elect a candidate to serve the remainder of the term.[6]

The mayor is subject to recall by registered voters if at least 15 percent of eligible voters sign a recall petition within 120 days of the first day of circulation. If the petition is successful, a special election is held asking whether the incumbent should be removed and who among a list of candidates should replace the incumbent. If the recall is successful, the replacement candidate with the majority of votes succeeds the ousted incumbent. If no replacement candidate receives a majority of the votes, a special runoff election is held between the top two candidates.[6]

List

As of December 2016, 42 individuals have served as mayor of Los Angeles since its incorporation as a city in the state of California. Six individuals served non-consecutive terms, the first of which began in 1854 and the last of which ended in 1921. Those who served non-consecutive terms are only counted once in the official count of mayoralties. Stephen Clark Foster was also appointed as mayor in 1848 prior to California statehood and official incorporation of the City.

The longest term was that of Tom Bradley, who served for 20 years over five terms prior to the establishment of successive term limits. The shortest term, not counting city council presidents serving as acting mayor, was that of William Stephens, who was appointed to serve for less than two weeks after Arthur Cyprian Harper resigned from office. Two mayors died in office: Henry Mellus and Frederick A. MacDougall. Three Hispanics have served as mayor since incorporation: Antonio F. Coronel, Cristobal Aguilar, and Antonio Villaraigosa. Many other Hispanics served as mayor prior to California joining the United States including Manuel Requena, who also briefly served as acting mayor post-statehood in his role as city council president. Tom Bradley is the only African American to have served as mayor, but was the city's longest serving mayor. Two French Canadians have served as mayor, including Damien Marchesseault, who served for three distinct periods, and Prudent Beaudry.

This list includes three city council presidents who served as acting mayor due to a vacancy in the office of the mayor but who were not officially appointed as mayor. The council presidents are not included in the count of mayors.

Stephen Clark Foster, 5th mayor, was also appointed mayor in 1848 prior to the city's official incorporation.
Prudent Beaudry, 13th mayor, was the second French-Canadian in the office, the first being Damien Marchesseault.
Meredith Snyder, 23rd mayor, served three separate terms.
Fred Eaton, 24th mayor, was instrumental in developing the Los Angeles Aqueduct.
Frank L. Shaw, 34th mayor, was the first mayor to be recalled from office anywhere in the United States.
Tom Bradley, 38th mayor, was the city's longest-serving mayor.
# Mayor Term start Term end Terms   Party
1 Alpheus P. Hodges July 1, 1850 May 7, 1851 1
2 Benjamin Davis Wilson May 7, 1851 May 4, 1852 1
3 John G. Nichols May 4, 1852 May 3, 1853 1 Democratic
4 Antonio F. Coronel May 3, 1853 May 4, 1854 1 Democratic
5 Stephen C. Foster (2nd)[a] May 4, 1854 January 13, 1855  1⁄2[b] Democratic
— (vacant) January 13, 1855 January 25, 1855 N/A[b]
(5) Stephen C. Foster (3rd)[c] January 25, 1855 May 9, 1855  1⁄2[b] Democratic
6 Dr. Thomas Foster May 9, 1855 May 7, 1856 1 Democratic
(5) Stephen C. Foster (4th)[c] May 7, 1856 September 22, 1856  1⁄2[d] Democratic
— Manuel Requena† (3rd)[e] September 22, 1856 October 4, 1856 Partial[d] Republican
(3) John G. Nichols (2nd)[c] October 4, 1856 May 9, 1859  2 1⁄2 Democratic
7 Damien Marchesseault May 9, 1859 May 9, 1860 1 Democratic
8 Henry Mellus May 9, 1860 December 26, 1860  1⁄2[f] Democratic
— Wallace Woodworth† December 26, 1860 January 7, 1861 Partial[f] Democratic
(7) Damien Marchesseault (2nd)[c] January 7, 1861 May 6, 1865  4 1⁄2 Democratic
9 Jose Mascarel May 5, 1865 May 10, 1866 1 Republican
10 Cristóbal Aguilar May 10, 1866 May 8, 1867 1 Democratic
(7) Damien Marchesseault (3rd)[c] May 8, 1867 August 8, 1867 Partial[g] Democratic
(10) Cristóbal Aguilar (2nd)[c] August 8, 1867 December 7, 1868 1[g] Democratic
11 Joel Turner December 9, 1868 December 9, 1870 2 Democratic
(10) Cristóbal Aguilar (3rd)[c] December 9, 1870 December 5, 1872 2 Democratic
12 James R. Toberman December 5, 1872 December 18, 1874 2 Democratic
13 Prudent Beaudry December 18, 1874 December 8, 1876 2
14 Frederick A. MacDougall December 8, 1876 November 16, 1878 2[h] Democratic
— (vacant) November 16, 1878 November 21, 1878 N/A[h]
15 Bernard Cohn November 21, 1878 December 5, 1878 Partial[h] Democratic
(12) James R. Toberman (2nd)[c] December 5, 1878 December 9, 1882 4 Democratic
16 Cameron E. Thom December 9, 1882 December 9, 1884 2 Democratic
17 Edward F. Spence December 9, 1884 December 14, 1886 2 Republican
18 William H. Workman December 14, 1886 December 10, 1888 2 Democratic
19 John Bryson December 10, 1888 February 25, 1889 1[i] Democratic
20 Henry T. Hazard February 25, 1889 December 5, 1892 2 Republican
— William H. Bonsall† December 5, 1892 December 12, 1892 Partial[j] Republican
21 Thomas E. Rowan December 12, 1892 December 12, 1894 1 Democratic
22 Frank Rader December 12, 1894 December 16, 1896 1 Republican
23 Meredith P. Snyder December 16, 1896 December 15, 1898 1 Democratic
24 Fred Eaton December 15, 1898 December 12, 1900 1 Republican
(23) Meredith P. Snyder (2nd)[c] December 12, 1900 December 8, 1904 2 Democratic
25 Owen McAleer December 8, 1904 December 13, 1906 1 Republican
26 Arthur C. Harper December 13, 1906 March 11, 1909  1⁄2[k] Democratic
27 William D. Stephens March 15, 1909 March 26, 1909 Partial[k] Republican
28 George Alexander March 26, 1909 July 1, 1913  2 1⁄2 Democratic
29 Henry R. Rose July 1, 1913 July 1, 1915 1 Republican
30 Charles E. Sebastian July 1, 1915 September 2, 1916  1⁄2[l] Democratic
31 Frederick T. Woodman September 5, 1916 July 1, 1919  1 1⁄2[l] Republican
(23) Meredith P. Snyder (3rd)[c] July 1, 1919 July 1, 1921 1 Democratic
32 George E. Cryer July 1, 1921 July 1, 1929 3 Republican
33 John C. Porter July 1, 1929 July 1, 1933 1 Democratic
34 Frank L. Shaw July 1, 1933 September 26, 1938  1 1⁄2[m] Republican[12]
35 Fletcher Bowron September 26, 1938 July 1, 1953  3 1⁄2[m] Republican
36 C. Norris Poulson July 1, 1953 July 1, 1961 2 Republican
37 Samuel W. Yorty July 1, 1961 July 1, 1973 3 Democratic
38 Thomas Bradley July 1, 1973 July 1, 1993 5 Democratic
39 Richard J. Riordan July 1, 1993 July 1, 2001 2 Republican
40 James K. Hahn July 1, 2001 July 1, 2005 1 Democratic
41 Antonio Villaraigosa July 1, 2005 July 1, 2013 2 Democratic
42 Eric Garcetti July 1, 2013 incumbent 1 Democratic

† Council presidents who temporarily served as acting mayor in case of a vacancy but were not officially appointed to the position are not included in the count of mayors.

Other offices held

The following is a list of congressional, gubernatorial and other offices held by mayors, before or after their term(s).

Mayor Mayoral term Other offices held References
Wilson, Benjamin DavisBenjamin Davis Wilson 1851–1852 California State Senator (1855–1857 & 1869–1872) [13]
Thom, Cameron E.Cameron E. Thom 1882–1884 California State Senator (1859–1860) [14]
Spence, Edward FallesEdward Falles Spence 1884–1886 California State Assemblyman (1860) [15]
Hazard, Henry T.Henry T. Hazard 1889–1892 California State Assemblyman (1882–1888) [16]
Stephens, WilliamWilliam Stephens 1909 U.S. Representative from California (1911–1916)
Lieutenant Governor of California (1916–1917)
Governor of California (1917–1923) 		[17]
Poulson, NorrisNorris Poulson 1953–1961 California State Assemblyman (1938–1942)
U.S. Representative from California (1943–1945 & 1947–1953)		 [18]
Yorty, SamSam Yorty 1961–1973 California State Assemblyman (1936–1940 & 1949–1950)
U.S. Representative from California (1951–1955)		 [19]
Villaraigosa, AntonioAntonio Villaraigosa 2005–2013 California State Assemblyman (1994–2000)
Speaker of the California State Assembly (1998–2000)		 [20][21]

Living former mayors

As of December 2016, three former mayors were alive, the oldest being Richard J. Riordan (1993–2001, born 1930). The most recent mayor to die was Thomas Bradley (1973–1993), on September 29, 1998.

NameMayoral termDate of birth
Richard J. Riordan 1993–2001 May 1, 1930
James K. Hahn 2001–2005 July 3, 1950
Antonio Villaraigosa 2005-2013 January 23, 1953

See also

Notes

  • a Stephen Clark Foster previously served as mayor of Los Angeles under United States military rule prior to official incorporation.[22]
  • b On January 13, 1855, Stephen Clark Foster resigned as mayor to lead a lynch mob. After the lynching, Foster was reelected as mayor in a special election and returned to office for the remainder of his term.[22]
  • c In cases where the same person served non-consecutive terms as mayor, the city only counts one mayoralty.
  • d On September 22, 1856, Stephen Clark Foster resigned as mayor to attend to the executorship of the estate of his brother-in-law.[22] City Council president Manuel Requena served as acting mayor until a special election could be held. Requena's term as acting mayor is not counted as an official mayoralty.[23]
  • e Manuel Requena previously served two terms as Alcalde of Los Angeles under Independent Mexican rule prior to California statehood in the United States.[23]
  • f On December 26, 1860, Henry Mellus died in office. City Council president Wallace Woodworth served as acting mayor until a special election could be held. Woodworth's term as acting mayor is not counted as an official mayoralty.
  • g On May 8, 1867, Damien Marchesseault assumed the office of mayor, interrupting the term of Cristóbal Aguilar. After three months, Marchesseault was deposed and Aguilar was restored as mayor.
  • h On November 16, 1878, Frederick A. MacDougal died in office. Bernard Cohn was appointed as mayor until a special election could be held.[24]
  • i John Bryson's term lasted a little over two months before he was legislated out of service with the adoption of a new city charter.
  • j City Council president William Hartshorn Bonsall served as acting mayor for a week during the vacancy between the terms of Henry T. Hazard and Thomas E. Rowan. Bonsall's term as acting mayor is not counted as an official mayoralty.
  • k On March 11, 1909 Arthur Harper was forced to resign in the wake of a recall drive. William Stephens was appointed mayor for less than two weeks until a new election could be held.
  • l On September 2, 1916, Charles Sebastian resigned as mayor amid personal scandal. Frederick Woodman was appointed to finish the balance of Sebastian's term and later was elected to a full term in his own right.
  • m On September 16, 1938 Frank Shaw was successfully recalled from office amid allegations of corruption. Fletcher Bowron was elected to take Shaw's place.

References

  1. ↑ "Los Angeles City Charter, Vol I, Article II". Americal Legal Publishing Corporation. Retrieved November 16, 2014.
  2. ↑ "Mayor - Directory" (PDF). CityFone Department Information. City of Los Angeles. Retrieved November 16, 2014.
  3. ↑ "Contact Us". Mayor of Los Angeles. City of Los Angeles. Retrieved November 17, 2014.
  4. ↑ "Getty House". Getty House. Getty House Foundation. Retrieved November 17, 2014.
  5. ↑ "City of Los Angeles Fiscal Year 2015-16 Budget" (PDF). City Administrative Officer: Budget and Financial Information. City of Los Angeles. Retrieved November 26, 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 "Los Angeles City Charter, Vol I, Article IV". Americal Legal Publishing Corporation. Retrieved November 16, 2014.
  7. ↑ California Constitution, Article II, Section 6
  8. ↑ Walton, Alice (October 17, 2014). "Proposal to move Los Angeles elections passes key committee". KPCC. Retrieved November 16, 2014.
  9. ↑ Saillant, Catherine (January 15, 2015). "Effort would consolidate L.A. elections with state and federal voting". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
  10. ↑ "Hoping to Boost Dismal Turnouts, L.A. Votes to Change Election Dates". KCET. City News Service. March 4, 2015. Retrieved March 14, 2015.
  11. ↑ Metha, Seema; Nelson, Laura J. (May 22, 2013). "Garcetti wins race for L.A. mayor; Greuel concedes". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 17, 2014.
  12. ↑ Jacqueline R., Braitman; Gerald F., Uelmen (November 27, 2012). Justice Stanley Mosk: A Life at the Center of California Politics and Justice. McFarland. p. 288.
  13. ↑ "Benjamin Davis Wilson Collection". Online Archive of California. Regents of the University of California. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
  14. ↑ "Cameron E. Thom, District Attorney". Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
  15. ↑ "A Leading Citizen Stricken Down". Los Angeles Times. September 20, 1892. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2014.
  16. ↑ "City Officials: Hazard, Henry Thomas" (PDF). Municipal Reference Library. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
  17. ↑ "William D. Stephens, Governor During World War I, Dies". Los Angeles Examiner. 26 April 1944. Archived from the original on 2007-06-10. Retrieved 2007-09-03.
  18. ↑ "Poulson, C. Norris". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. United States Congress. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
  19. ↑ "Yorty, Samuel William". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. United States Congress. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
  20. ↑ Bruck, Connie (May 21, 2007). "Fault Lines". The New Yorker. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
  21. ↑ Stephens, Andrew. "Antonio Villaraigosa, Mayor of Los Angeles". City Mayors. City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved November 15, 2014.
  22. 1 2 3 "Supervisor Stephen Clark Foster" (PDF). Los Angeles County. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  23. 1 2 "Supervisor Manuel Requena" (PDF). Los Angeles County. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  24. ↑ Rasmussen, Cecilia (May 8, 2005). "The City of Angels Has Had Mayors With Demons". Los Angeles Times. pp. B–2. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
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