Lolo Pass (Idaho–Montana)

For other uses, see Lolo (disambiguation).
Lolo Pass

Historical marker sign in Idaho in 2011
Elevation 5,233 ft (1,595 m)
Traversed by US-12
Location Idaho Co., Idaho, &
Missoula Co., Montana,
United States
Range Bitterroot Range,
Rocky Mountains
Coordinates 46°38′06″N 114°34′48″W / 46.635°N 114.580°W / 46.635; -114.580
Lolo Pass
Location in the western United States
Lolo Trail
Location Bitterroot Mountains,
Idaho-Montana
Coordinates 46°38′06″N 114°34′48″W / 46.635°N 114.580°W / 46.635; -114.580Coordinates: 46°38′06″N 114°34′48″W / 46.635°N 114.580°W / 46.635; -114.580
Built 1805
NRHP Reference # 66000309[1]
Added to NRHP October 15, 1966

Lolo Pass, elevation 5,233 feet (1,595 m), is a mountain pass in the western United States, in the Bitterroot Range of the northern Rocky Mountains. It is on the border between the states of Montana and Idaho, approximately 40 miles (65 km) west-southwest of Missoula, Montana.

The pass is the highest point of the historic Lolo Trail, between the Bitterroot Valley in Montana and the Weippe Prairie in Idaho. The trail, known as naptnišaqs, or "Nez Perce Trail" in Salish,[2] was used by Nez Perce in the 18th century, and by the Lewis and Clark Expedition, guided by Old Toby of the Shoshone, on their westward snowbound journey in September 1805. After a winter at Fort Clatsop in present-day northwestern Oregon, the Corps of Discovery returned the following June. The Lolo Trail is a National Historic Landmark, designated for its importance to the Lewis and Clark Expedition, and its role in the 1877 Nez Perce War.[1]

The name of the pass is sometimes said to have been Salish version of the French name Laurence or Laurent, but was probably a regular French nickname.[3] The name Lolo was not used by Lewis and Clark. Its first known mention is in the 1810 journal of David Thompson, who described three fur trappers, probably of French descent, named Michael, Lolo, and Gregoire.[4]

The pass was also used in 1877 during the Nez Perce War as some of the Nez Perce under Chief Joseph tried to escape the U.S. Army. Shortly after crossing the pass, the two sides clashed at the Battle of the Big Hole in Montana.[5]

U.S. Highway 12, belatedly completed in 1962, crosses the pass. At the August dedication ceremony at Lolo Pass attended by thousands, the states' governors, Bob Smylie of Idaho and Tim Babcock of Montana, cut through a ceremonial cedar log with a two-man crosscut saw.[6]

Lolo Hot Springs is 7 miles (11 km) east of the pass in Montana. The first limited services in Idaho are in Powell, 13 miles (21 km) to the west of the pass, then another 65 miles (105 km) to Lowell, at the confluence of the Lochsa and Selway Rivers to form the Middle Fork of the Clearwater. The primary city in Idaho served by U.S. 12 is Lewiston, 170 miles (270 km) west of the pass at the border with Washington, where the Clearwater meets the Snake.

On March 1, 2014, the Idaho Department of Fish and Game announced that 23 wolves had been killed in the Lolo Pass area, in order to boost elk populations.[7]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "National Historic Landmark nomination for Lolo Pass" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 11, 2010.
  2. ↑ Tachini, Pete (2010). Seliš nyoʻnuntn, Medicine for the Salish language : English to Salish translation dictionary (2nd ed.). Pablo, MT: Salish Kootenai College Press. p. 374. ISBN 9781934594063.
  3. ↑ Bright, William (2004). Native American Placenames of the United States. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 11, 255. ISBN 978-0-8061-3598-4.
  4. ↑ Saindon, Robert A. (2003). Explorations Into the World of Lewis and Clark V-2 of 3. Digital Scanning Inc. p. 968. ISBN 978-1-58218-764-8.
  5. ↑ "Lolo Trail and Pass". Lewiston Morning Tribune. National Park Service. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
  6. ↑ Campbell, Thomas W. (August 20, 1962). "Thousands witness L-C Highway dedication". Lewiston Morning Tribune. (Idaho). p. 1.
  7. ↑ "Idaho Fish and Game kills 23 wolves in Lolo Pass area". Missoulian. 2014-03-01. Retrieved 2014-06-12.
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