List of termites of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka is a tropical island situated close to the southern tip of India. The invertebrate fauna is as large as it is common to other regions of the world. There are about 2 million species of arthropods found in the world, and still it is counting. So many new species are discover up to this time also. So it is very complicated and difficult to summarize the exact number of species found within a certain region.
The following list is about Termites recorded in Sri Lanka.
Termite
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Blattodea
Infra Order: Isoptera
Termites are eusocial insects that are classified at the taxonomic rank of infraorder Isoptera, or as epifamily Termitoidae within the cockroach order Blattodea. Termites were once classified in a separate order from cockroaches, but recent phylogenetic studies indicate that they evolved from close ancestors of cockroaches during the Jurassic or Triassic. It is possible, however, that the first termites emerged during the Permian or even the Carboniferous. Approximately 3,106 species are currently described, with a few hundred more left to be described.
In 1913, Green compiled a concise catalogue for isopterans in Sri Lanka.[1] The first known study on termites wsa done by Wasmann during British period. Since then, many local and overseas scientists engaged on many studies, some in crop plantations as well.[2][3] A detailed work on Sri Lankan termites was done by University of Peradeniya in 2012. According to this checklist, which is based on 1893 literature, a total of 64 species of termites in 27 genera and 4 families are recorded from Sri Lanka.[4][5][6]
Endemic species are denoted as E.
Family: Hodotermitidae - Harvester termites
- Anacanthotermes viarum
Family: Kalotermitidae - Drywood termites
- Postelectrotermes militaris
- Neotermes greeni
- Neotermes kemneri
- Kalotermes jepsoni
- Glyptotermes ceylonicus
- Glyptotermes dilatatus
- Glyptotermes minutus
- Bifiditermes pintoi
- Cryptotermes bengalensis
- Cryptotermes ceylonicus
- Cryptotermes cynocephalus
- Cryptotermes domesticus
- Cryptotermes dudleyi
- Cryptotermes perforans - E
Family: Rhinotermitidae - Subterranean termites
- Coptotermes ceylonicus
- Coptotermes emersoni
- Coptotermes formosanus
- Coptotermes gaurii
- Coptotermes gestroi
- Heterotermes ceylonicus
- Heterotermes indicola
- Termitogeton umbilicatus - E
- Prorhinotermes flavus
Family: Termitidae - Higher termites
- Macrotermes convulsionarius
- Odontotermes assmuthi
- Odontotermes ceylonicus
- Odontotermes escherichi
- Odontotermes feae
- Odontotermes globicola
- Odontotermes horni
- Odontotermes koenigi
- Odontotermes preliminaris
- Odontotermes redemanni
- Odontotermes taprobanes
- Hypotermes obscuriceps
- Hypotermes winifredi
- Microtermes macronotus
- Microtermes obesi
- Eurytermes ceylonicus
- Speculitermes sinhalensis
- Nasutitermes ceylonicus
- Nasutitermes horni
- Nasutitermes lacustris
- Nasutitermes oculatus
- Ceylonitermes escherichi
- Hospitalitermes monoceros
- Trinervitermes biformis
- Trinervitermes rubidus
- Ceylonitermellus hantanae
- Ceylonitermellus kotuae
- Synhamitermes ceylonicus
- Synhamitermes colombensis - E
- Microcerotermes bugnioni
- Microcerotermes cylindriceps
- Microcerotermes greeni
- Microcerotermes heimi
- Microcerotermes minor
- Angulitermes ceylonicus
- Dicuspiditermes hutsoni
- Dicuspiditermes incola
- Dicuspiditermes nemorosus
- Pericapritermes ceylonicus
- Pericapritermes speciosus
References
- ↑ Bambaradeniya, Channa N. B. "The Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, Research, and Conservation". Amazon.com. Google books. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
- ↑ Senanayake, P.D.; Mohotti, K.; Paranagama, P.A. "Evaluation of the Response of low-country live wood termite, Glyptotermes dilatatus Bugnion &Popoff (Isoptera: Kalatermididae) for semiochemicals present in rotted and healthy stems of tea cultivars". University of Kelaniya. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
- ↑ Walgama R. S., and Senanayake P. D.,. "Status of Biological Control of Insect and Mite Pests of Tea in Sri Lanka" (PDF). Division of Entomology, Tea Research Institute, Talawakelle, Sri Lanka. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
- ↑ "An Annotated checklist of termites of Sri Lanka" (PDF). National Science Foundation, Sri Lanka. 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
- ↑ "History of Insect collection and a review of insect diversity in Sri Lanka". Ceylon Journal of Science. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
- ↑ Hemachandra, I. I., Edirisinghe, J. P., Karunaratne, W. A. I. P. "Deversity and Microhabits of Termites (Insecta:Isoptera) at the Udawattakele Forest Sanctuary, Kandy". University of Peradeniya. Retrieved 7 June 2016.