List of state leaders in the 4th century BC

State leaders in the 5th century BC – State leaders in the 3rd century BC – State leaders by year

This is a list of state leaders in the 4th century BC (400–301 BC).

Africa: North

Carthage

Carthage (complete list) –

Didonian

Himilco II, King (406–396 BC)
Mago II, King (396–375 BC)
Mago III, King (375–344 BC)
Hanno III, King (344–340 BC)

Hannonian

Hanno the Great, King (340–337 BC)
Gisco, King (337–330 BC)
Hamilcar II, King (330–309 BC)
Bomilcar, King (309–308 BC)

Egypt: Late Period

Twenty-eighth Dynasty of the Late Period (complete list) –

Amyrtaeus, Pharaoh (404–398 BC)

Twenty-ninth Dynasty of the Late Period (complete list) –

Nefaarud I, Pharaoh (398–393 BC)
Psammuthes, Pharaoh (393 BC)
Hakor, Pharaoh (393–380 BC)

Thirtieth Dynasty of the Late Period (complete list) –

Nectanebo I, Pharaoh (380–362 BC)
Teos, Pharaoh (362–360 BC)
Nectanebo II, Pharaoh (360–343 BC)

Khabash Revolt of the Second Persian occupation of Egypt (Thirty-first Dynasty)

Khabash, rebel Pharaoh (c.338–c.335 BC)

Egypt: Ptolemaic Kingdom

Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt (complete list) –

Ptolemy I Soter, Pharaoh (305–283/282 BC)

Kush

Kush (complete list) –

Harsiotef, King (404–369 BC)
(unknown Qore), King (369–350 BC)
Akhraten, King (350–335 BC)
Amanibakhi, King (4th century BC)
Nastasen, King (335–315 BC)

Numidia

Numidia: Eastern Numidia (complete list) –

Zelalsen, King (344–274 BC)

Asia

Asia: East

China: Warring States period

Zhou, China: Eastern Zhou (complete list) –

An, King (401–376 BC)
Lie, King (375–369 BC)
Xian, King (368–321 BC)
Shenjing, King (320–315 BC)
Nan, King (314–256 BC)

Chu (complete list) –

Dao, King (401–381 BC)
Su, King (380–370 BC)
Xuan, King (369–340 BC)
Wei, King (339–329 BC)
Huai , King (328–299 BC)

Han (complete list) –

Jing, Marquess (408–400 BC)
Lie, Marquess (399–387 BC)
Wen, Marquess (386–377 BC)
Ai, Marquess (376–374 BC)
Gong, Marquess (374–363 BC)
Xi, Marquess (362–233 BC)
Xuanhui, King (332–312 BC)
Xiang, King (311–296 BC)

Qi: House of Jiang (complete list) –

Kang, Duke (404–386 BC)

Qi: House of Tian (complete list) –

Tai, Duke (404–384 BC)
Tian Yan, Marquess (383–375 BC)
Huan, Duke (374–357 BC)
Wei, King (356–320 BC)
Xuan, King (319–300 BC)
Min, King (300–283 BC)

Qin (complete list) –

Jian, Duke (414–400 BC)
Hui II, Duke (399–387 BC)
Chuzi II, Duke (386–385 BC)
Xian, Duke (384–362 BC)
Xiao, Duke (361–338 BC)
Huiwen, King (337–311 BC)
Wu, King (310–307 BC)
Zhaoxiang, King (306–251 BC)

Wei (complete list) –

Wen, Marquess (445–396 BC)
Wu, Marquess (396–370 BC)
Hui, King (370–319 BC)
Xiang, King (319–296 BC)

Zhao (complete list) –

Lie, Marquess (409–387 BC)
Jing, Marquess (387–375 BC)
Cheng, Marquess (375–350 BC)
Su, Marquess (350–326 BC)
Wuling, King (326–299 BC)

Asia: South

India

Magadha: Shishunaga dynasty (complete list) –

Shishunaga, King (413–395 BC)
Kalashoka, King (395–367 BC)
Mahanandin, King (367–345 BC)

Magadha: Nanda dynasty (complete list) –

Mahapadma Nanda, Emperor (c.345–c.329 BC)
Dhana, Emperor (c.329–c.321 BC)

Maurya Empire (complete list) –

Chandragupta, Emperor (324–297 BC)

Sri Lanka

Anuradhapura Kingdom (complete list) –

Pandukabhaya, King (377–367 BC)
Mutasiva, King (367–307 BC)
Devanampiya Tissa, King (307–267 BC)

Kingdom of Upatissa Nuwara (complete list) –

Pandukabhaya, King (437–377 BC)

Asia: West

First Persian Empire/ Achaemenid Empire (complete list) –

Artaxerxes II, Great King, Shah (404–358 BC)
Artaxerxes III, Great King, Shah (358–338 BC)
Arses, Great King, Shah (338–336 BC)
Darius III, Great King, Shah (336–330 BC)
Bessus, Great King, Shah (330–329 BC)

Antigonid dynasty (complete list) –

Antigonus I Monophthalmus, King in Syria and Asia Minor (306–301 BC)

Kingdom of Bithynia (complete list) –

Bas, Dynast (376–326 BC)
Zipoetes I

Dynast (326–297 BC)
King (297–278 BC)

Bosporan Kingdom:Spartocids dynasty (complete list) –

Satyrus I, King (433–389 BC)
Seleucus, King (433–393 BC)
Leucon I, King (389–349 BC)
Gorgippus, King (389–349 BC)
Spartacus II, King (349–344 BC)
Pairisades I, King (349–311 BC)
Satyrus II, King (311–310 BC)
Prytanis, King (310 BC)
Eumelos, King (310–304 BC)
Spartacus III, King (304–284 BC)

Kingdom of Cappadocia (complete list) –

Ariarathes I ( 000 BC)

Satrap (350–331 BC)
King (331–322 BC)

Ariarathes II, Suzerain King (301–280 BC)

Colchis (complete list) –

Akes, King (late 4th century BC)
Kuji, King (325–280 BC)

Seleucid Empire (complete list) –

Seleucus I Nicator, King (305–281 BC)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

Athens (complete list) –

Xenainetos, Archon (401–400 BC)

Laches, Archon (400–399 BC)

Aristocrates, Archon (399–398 BC)

Euthykles, Archon (398–397 BC)

Souniades, Archon (397–396 BC)

Phormion, Archon (396–395 BC)

Diophandus, Archon (395–394 BC)

Ebulides, Archon (394–393 BC)

Demostratos, Archon (393–392 BC)

Philocles, Archon (392–391 BC)

Nicoteles, Archon (391–390 BC)

Demostratos, Archon (390–389 BC)

Antipatros, Archon (389–388 BC)

Pyrgion, Archon (388–387 BC)

Theodotos, Archon (387–386 BC)

Mystichides, Archon (386–385 BC)

Dexitheus, Archon (385–384 BC)

Dieitrephes, Archon (384–383 BC)

Phanostratos, Archon (383–382 BC)

Euandros, Archon (382–381 BC)

Demophilos, Archon (381–380 BC)

Pytheas, Archon (380–379 BC)

Nikon, Archon (379–378 BC)

Nausinikos, Archon (378–377 BC)

Kalleas, Archon (377–376 BC)

Charisandrus, Archon (376–375 BC)

Hippodamas, Archon (375–374 BC)

Socratides, Archon (374–373 BC)

Asteius, Archon (373–372 BC)

Alcisthenes, Archon (372–371 BC)

Phrasicleides, Archon (371–370 BC)

Dyscinitus, Archon (370–369 BC)

Lysistratus, Archon (369–368 BC)

Nausigenes, Archon (368–367 BC)

Polyzelus, Archon (367–366 BC)

Ciphisodorus, Archon (366–365 BC)

Chion, Archon (365–364 BC)

Timocrates, Archon (364–363 BC)

Charicleides, Archon (363–362 BC)

Molon, Archon (362–361 BC)

Nicophemus, Archon (361–360 BC)

Callimides, Archon (360–359 BC)

Eucharistus, Archon (359–358 BC)

Ciphisodotus, Archon (358–357 BC)

Agathocles, Archon (357–356 BC)

Elpines, Archon (356–355 BC)

Callistratus, Archon (355–354 BC)

Diotemus, Archon (354–353 BC)

Thudemus, Archon (353–352 BC)

Aristodemus, Archon (352–351 BC)

Theellus, Archon (351–350 BC)

Apollodorus, Archon (350–349 BC)

Callimachus, Archon (349–348 BC)

Theophilus, Archon (348–347 BC)

Themistocles, Archon (347–346 BC)^[1]

Archias, Archon (346–345 BC)

Ebulus, Archon (345–344 BC)

Lyciscus, Archon (344–343 BC)

Pythodotus, Archon (343–342 BC)

Sosigenes, Archon (342–341 BC)

Nicomachus, Archon (341–340 BC)

Theophrastus, Archon (340–339 BC)

Lysimachides, Archon (339–338 BC)

Epirus (complete list) –

Tharrhypas, King (430–392 BC)
Alcetas I, King (390, 385–370 BC)
Neoptolemos I, King (370–357 BC, 317–313 BC)
Arybbas, King (373–343 BC)
Alexander I, King (342–331 BC)
Aeacides, King (330–317 BC)
Alcetas II, King (313–306 BC)
Pyrrhus I, King (307–302 BC, 297–272 BC)
Neoptolemos II, King (302–297 ВС)

Macedonia: Argead dynasty (complete list) –

Archelaus I, King (413–399 BC)
Craterus, King (399 BC)
Orestes, King (399–396 BC)
Aeropus II, King (399–393 BC)
Archelaus II, King (396–393 BC)
Amyntas II, King (393 BC)
Pausanias, King (393 BC)
Argaeus II, King (393–392 BC)
Amyntas III, King (392–370 BC)
Alexander II, King (370–368 BC)
Ptolemy, Regent (368–365 BC)
Perdiccas III, King (368–359 BC)
Amyntas IV, King (359 BC)
Philip II, King (359–336 BC)
Alexander the Great, King (336–323 BC)
Philip III Arrhidaeus, King (323–317 BC)
Haaibre Alexander IV, King (317–309 BC)

Odrysian kingdom of Thrace (complete list) –

Amadocus I, King (408–389 BC)^[2]
Seuthes II, King (405–387 BC)
Hebryzelmis, King (387–383 BC)
Cotys I, King (384–359 BC)
Cersobleptes, King, eastern Thrace (359–341 BC)
Berisades, King, western Thrace (359–352 BC)
Amatokos II, King, middle Thrace (359–351 BC)
Cetriporis, King, western Thrace (356–351 BC)
Teres II, King, middle Thrace (351–342 BC)
Seuthes III, King (331–300 BC)

Paeonia (complete list) –

Agis, King (?–359 BC)
Lycceius, King (356–340 BC)^[3]
Patraus, King (340–315 BC)^[4]
Audoleon, King (315–285 BC)^[5]

Sparta (complete list) –

Agis II, King (c.427–401/400 BC)
Agesilaus II, King (c.401/400–360 BC)
Archidamus III, King (c.360–338 BC)
Agis III, King (c.338–331 BC)

Europe: East

Dacia (complete list) –

Histrianorum, King (c.339 BC)
Cothelas, King (4th century BC) ^[6]

Europe: South

Roman Republic (complete list) –

400 – Consular Tribunes: P. Licinius Calvus Esquilinus, P. Maelius Capitolinus, P. Manlius Vulso, Sp. Furius Medullinus, L. Titinius Pansa Saccus, L. Publilius Philo Vulscus

399 – Consular Tribunes: Cn. Genucius Augurinus, C. Duillius Longus, L. Atilius Priscus, M. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus, M. Pomponius Rufus, Volero Publilius Philo

398 – Consular Tribunes: L. Valerius Potitus, L. Furius Medullinus, M. Valerius Lactucinus Maximus, Q. Servilius Fidenas, M. Furius Camillus, Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus

397 – Consular Tribunes: L. Iulius Iullus, A. Postumius Albinus Regillensis, L. Furius Medullinus, P. Cornelius Maluginensis, L. Sergius Fidenas, A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus

396 – Consular Tribunes: L. Titinius Pansa Saccus, Q. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus, P. Licinius Calvus Esquilinus, Cn. Genucius Augurinus, P. Maelius Capitolinus, L. Atilius Priscus

395 – Consular Tribunes: P. Cornelius Cossus, L. Furius Medullinus, P. Cornelius Scipio, Q. Servilius Fidenas, K. Fabius Ambustus, M. Valerius Lactucinus Maximus

394 – Consular Tribunes: M. Furius Camillus, L. Valerius Potitus Poplicola, L. Furius Medullinus, Sp. Postumius Albinus Regillensis, C. Aemilius Mamercinus, P. Cornelius Scipio

393

L. Valerius Potitus Poplicola, Consul
Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, Consul
L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus, Consul suffectus
Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus, Consul suffectus

L. Valerius Potitus Poplicola, Consul
M. Manlius Capitolinus, Consul

391 – Consular Tribunes: L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus, L. Furius Medullinus, Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus, Agrippa Furius Fusus, L. Aemilius Mamercinus, C. Aemilius Mamercinus
390 – Consular Tribunes: Q. Fabius Ambustus, Q. Sulpicius Longus, K. Fabius Ambustus, Q. Servilius Fidenas, N. Fabius Ambustus, P. Cornelius Maluginensis
389 – Consular Tribunes: L. Valerius Potitus Poplicola, A. Manlius Capitolinus, L. Verginius Tricostus Esquilinus (II?), L. Aemilius Mamercinus, P. Cornelius, L. Postumius Albinus Regillensis
388 – Consular Tribunes: T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus, Q. Servilius Fidenas, L. Iulius Iullus, L. Aquillius Corvus, L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus, Ser. Sulpicius Rufus
387 – Consular Tribunes: L. Papirius Cursor, Cn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo, L. Aemilius Mamercinus, Licinus Menenius Lanatus, L. Valerius Potitus Poplicola
386 – Consular Tribunes: M. Furius Camillus, Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, Q. Servilius Fidenas, L. Quinctius Cincinnatus, L. Horatius Pulvillus, P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola
385 – Consular Tribunes: A. Manlius Capitolinus, P. Cornelius, T. Quinctius (Cincinnatus?) Capitolinus, L. Papirius Cursor, L. Quinctius Capitolinus, Cn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo
384 – Consular Tribunes: Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola, M. Furius Camillus, Ser. Sulpicius Rufus, C. Papirius Crassus, T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus
383 – Consular Tribunes: L. Valerius Potitus Poplicola, A. Manlius Capitolinus, Ser. Sulpicius Rufus, L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus, L. Aemilius Mamercinus, M. Trebonius
382 – Consular Tribunes: Sp. Papirius Crassus, L. Papirius Mugillanus, Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, Q. Servilius Fidenas, C. Sulpicius Camerinus, L. Aemilius Mamercinus V
381 – Consular Tribunes: M. Furius Camillus, A. Postumius Albinus Regillensis, L. Postumius Albinus Regillensis, L. Furius Medullinus, L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus, M. Fabius Ambustus
380 – Consular Tribunes: L. Valerius Potitus Poplicola, P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola, Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, Licinus Menenius Lanatus, C. Sulpicius Peticus, L. Aemilius Mamercinus, Cn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo, Ti. Papirius Crassus, L. Papirius Mugillanus
379 – Consular Tribunes: P. Manlius Capitolinus, Cn. Manlius Vulso, L. Iulius Iullus, C. Sextilius, M. Albinius, L. Antistius, P. Trebonius, C. Erenucius?
378 – Consular Tribunes: Sp. Furius Medullinus, Q. Servillius Fidenas, Licinus Menenius Lanatus, P. Cloelius Siculus, M. Horatius Pulvillus, L. Geganius Macerinus
377 – Consular Tribunes: L. Aemilius Mamercinus, P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola, C. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus, Ser. Sulpicius Rufus or: Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus, L. Quinctius Cincinnatus, C. Quinctius Cincinnatus
376 – Consular Tribunes: L. Papirius Mugillanus, Licinus Menenius Lanatus, Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus

375–371: Elections vetoed by plebeian tribunes.

370 – Consular Tribunes: A. Manlius Capitolinus, L. Furius Medullinus, Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus, Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, C. Valerius Potitus Volusus, P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola

369 – Consular Tribunes: Q. Servilius Fidenas, C. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus, A. Cornelius Cossus, M. Cornelius Maluginensis, Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus, M. Fabius Ambustus

368 – Consular Tribunes: Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus, Sp. Servilius Structus, T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus, L. Papirius Crassus, L. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus

367 – Consular Tribunes: A. Cornelius Cossus, M. Cornelius Maluginensis, M. Geganius Macerinus, P. Manlius Capitolinus, L. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus, P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola

366

L. Aemilius Mamercinus, Consul
L. Sextius Sextinus Lateranus, Consul

L. Genucius Aventinensis, Consul
Q. Servilius Ahala, Consul

C. Sulpicius Peticus, Consul
C. Licinius Calvus, Consul

Cn. Genucius Aventinensis, Consul
L. Aemilius Mamercinus, Consul

Q. Servilius Ahala, Consul
L. Genucius Aventinensis, Consul

C. Licinius Stolo, Consul
C. Sulpicius Peticus, Consul

M. Fabius Ambustus, Consul
C. Poetelius Libo Visolus, Consul

M. Popillius Laenas, Consul
Cn. Manlius Capitolinus Imperiosus, Consul

C. Fabius Ambustus, Consul
C. Plautius Proculus, Consul

C. Marcius Rutilus, Consul
Cn. Manlius Capitolinus Imperiosus, Consul

M. Fabius Ambustus II, Consul
M. Popillius Laenas, Consul

C. Sulpicius Peticus, Consul
M. Valerius Poplicola, Consul

M. Fabius Ambustus III, Consul
T. Quinctius Pennus Capitolinus Crispinus, Consul
? M. Popillius Laenas, Consul

C. Sulpicius Peticus, Consul
M. Valerius Poplicola, Consul

P. Valerius Poplicola, Consul
C. Marcius Rutilus, Consul

C. Sulpicius Peticus, Consul
T. Quinctius Pennus Capitolinus Crispinus, Consul

M. Popillius Laenas, Consul
L. Cornelius Scipio, Consul

L. Furius Camillus, Consul
Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis, Consul
? M. Aemilius, Consul
? T. Quinctius, Consul

M. Valerius Corvus, Consul
M. Popillius Laenas, Consul

C. Plautius Venno (or Venox), Consul
T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus, Consul

M. Valerius Corvus, Consul
C. Poetelius Libo Visolus, Consul

M. Fabius Dorsuo, Consul
Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Rufus, Consul

C. Marcius Rutilus, Consul
T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus, Consul

M. Valerius Corvus, Consul
A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina, Consul

Q. Servilius Ahala, Consul
C. Marcius Rutilus, Consul

C. Plautius Venno (or Venox), Consul
L. Aemilius Mamercinus Privernas, Consul

T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus, Consul
P. Decius Mus, Consul

Ti. Aemilius Mamercinus, Consul
Q. Publilius Philo, Consul

L. Furius Camillus, Consul
C. Maenius, Consul

C. Sulpicius Longus, Consul
P. Aelius Paetus, Consul

L. Papirius Crassus, Consul
K. Duillius, Consul

M. Atilius Regulus Calenus, Consul
M. Valerius Corvus, Consul

Sp. Postumius Albinus Caudinus, Consul
T. Veturius Calvinus, Consul

333

Publius Cornelius Rufinus, Dictator (333 BC)

332

Cn. Domitius Calvinus, Consul
A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina, Consul

C. Valerius Potitus, Consul
M. Claudius Marcellus, Consul

L. Papirius Crassus, Consul
L. Plautius Venno (or Venox), Consul

L. Aemilius Mamercinus Privernas, Consul
C. Plautius Decianus, Consul

P. Plautius Proculus or C. Plautius Decianus II, Consul
P. Cornelius Scapula or P. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus, Consul

L. Cornelius Lentulus, Consul
Q. Publilius Philo, Consul

C. Poetelius Libo Visolus, Consul
L. Papirius Cursor, Consul

L. Furius Camillus, Consul
D. Junius Brutus Scaeva, Consul

324

Lucius Papirius Cursor, Dictator (325–324 BC)

323

C. Sulpicius Longus, Consul
Q. Aulius Cerretanus, Consul

Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus, Consul
L. Fulvius Curvus, Consul

T. Veturius Calvinus, Consul
Sp. Postumius Albinus Caudinus, Consul

L. Papirius Cursor, Consul
Q. Publilius Philo, Consul

L. Papirius Cursor, Consul
Q. Aulius Cerretanus, Consul

M. Folius Flaccinator, Consul
L. Plautius Venno (or Venox), Consul

C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus, Consul
Q. Aemilius Barbula, Consul

Sp. Nautius Rutilus, Consul
M. Popillius Laenas, Consul

L. Papirius Cursor, Consul
Q. Publilius Philo, Consul

M. Poetelius Libo, Consul
C. Sulpicius Longus, Consul

L. Papirius Cursor, Consul
C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus, Consul

M. Valerius Maximus Corvus, Consul
P. Decius Mus, Consul

C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus, Consul
Q. Aemilius Barbula II, Consul

Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus, Consul
C. Marcius Rutilus Censorinus, Consul

309

L. Papirius Cursor, Dictator (310–309 BC)

308

P. Decius Mus, Consul
Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus, Consul

Ap. Claudius Caecus, Consul
L. Volumnius Flamma Violens, Consul

Q. Marcius Tremulus, Consul
P. Cornelius Arvina, Consul

L. Postumius Megellus, Consul
Ti. Minucius Augurinus, Consul
M. Fulvius Curvus Paetinus, Consul suffectus

P. Sempronius Sophus, Consul
P. Sulpicius Saverrio, Consul

Ser. Cornelius Lentulus, Consul
L. Genucius Aventinensis, Consul

M. Livius Denter, Consul
M. Aemilius Paullus, Consul

301

Marcus Valerius Corvus, Dictator (302, 301 BC)

Syracuse (complete list) –

Dionysius the Elder, Tyrant (405–367 BC)
Dionysius the Younger, Tyrant (367–356 BC, 346–344 BC)
Dion, Tyrant (357–355 BC)
Calippus, Tyrant (355–353 BC)
Hipparinus, Tyrant (353–c.350 BC)
Nysaeus, Tyrant (c.350–346 BC)
Timoleon, General, oligarch (345–337 BC)
Agathocles, Tyrant (317–289 BC)

Eurasia: Caucasus

Kingdom of Armenia (complete list) –

Orontes I, Satrap (401–344 BC)
Darius III, Satrap (c.344–336 BC)
Orontes II, King (336–331 BC)
Mithrenes, King (331–317 BC)
Neoptolemus, Satrap (323–321 BC)
Eumenes, King (321–321 BC)
Orontes III, King (321–260 BC)

References

↑ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 347/6 to 301/0 BC are taken from Benjamin D. Meritt, "Athenian Archons 347/6–48/7 B.C.", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 26 (1977), pp. 161–191
↑ Thracian Kings, University of Michigan
↑ Catalogue of Greek Coins: Thessaly to Aetolia by Percy Gardner, 2004, Front Matter: "... present to the money of Philip II. of Macedon, and Lycceius and Audoleon, kings of Paeonia, that they must be given ..."
↑ Patraus's coin
↑ A Guide to the Principal Gold and Silver Coins of the Ancients: From Circ. B. C. 700 to a. D. 1. (1895) by British Museum Dept. of Coins and Medals, 2009, page 62: "... of Athena, facing. Bee. AYAnA EONTOZ. Horse. Wt. 193.4 grs. Patraus and his son Audoleon reigned over Paaonia between B.C. 340 ..."
↑ Atlas of Classical History by R. Talbert, 1989, page 63, "Getae under Cothelas"

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