List of philosophers (I–Q)
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Philosophers (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically:
- Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.
I
- Iamblichus, (ca. 245 AD-ca. 325)[b][e]
- Yahya ibn Adi, (893-974)[e]
- Ibn Arabi, (1164–1240)[b][e][f]
- Ibn ar-Rawandi, (c. 910)[e]
- Ibn Bajjah (or Avempace), (died 1138)[a][b][e]
- Ibn Daud (or Rabad I or Avendauth, or John of Spain), (1110–1180)[a][e][f]
- Abraham ibn Ezra, (1092/3-1167)[e][f]
- Moses ibn Ezra, (1070–1138)[e]
- Ibn Falaquera, (1223–1290)[e][f]
- Solomon Ibn Gabirol, (1021–1058)[a][b][d][e]
- Ibn Hazm, (994-1069)[e]
- Ibn Kammuna, (1215–1284)[e][f]
- Ibn Khaldun, (1332–1406)[a][b][d][e]
- Ibn Masarra, (883-931)[e]
- Ibn Miskawayh, (940-1030)[a][e]
- Bahya ibn Paquda, (1040–1110)[b][e]
- Ibn Sabin, (1217–1268)[e]
- Ibn Taymiya, (1263–1328)[e]
- Samuel ibn Tibbon, (c. 1165 – 1232)[f]
- Ibn Tufail, (1110–1185)[a][b][e]
- Joseph ibn Tzaddik, (c. 1149)[b][e]
- Ivan Aleksandrovich Il'in, (1883–1954)[a][b][e]
- Evald Vassilievich Ilyenkov, (1924–1979)[e]
- Immanuel the Roman (c. 1270 – c. 1330)[e]
- Roman Ingarden, (1893–1970)[a][b][d][e][f]
- William Ralph Inge, (1860–1954)[b][e]
- José Ingenieros, (1877–1925)[b]
- Nae Ionescu, (1890–1940)[b]
- Muhammad Iqbal, (1877–1938)[b][d][e]
- Luce Irigaray, (born 1930)[a][b][d][e]
- Terence Irwin, (born 1947)[d]
- Isocrates, (436-338 BC)[a]
- Isaac of Stella, (1105–1177)[b][e]
- Isaac Israeli, (c. 850-950)[b][e][f]
- Ito Jinsai, (1627–1705)[b][e]
- Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov, (1866–1949)[b]
J
- Frank Jackson, (born 1943)[d]
- Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, (1743–1819)[a][b][d][e][f]
- James of Viterbo, (1255–1308)[e]
- Henry James Sr., (1811–1882)[b]
- William James, (1842–1910)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Vladimir Jankélévitch, (1903–1985)[b]
- Karl Jaspers, (1883–1969)[a][b][c][d][e][f]
- James Hopwood Jeans, (1877–1946)[b]
- Thomas Jefferson, (1743–1826)[b][d][e]
- Richard C. Jeffrey, (1926–2002)[d]
- William Stanley Jevons, (1835–1882)[a][b][d][f]
- Rudolf von Jhering, (1818–1892)[e]
- Jinul (or Chinul), (1158–1210)[b][e]
- Joachim of Fiore, (1135–1201)[a][b][e]
- Friedrich Jodl, (1849–1914)[b]
- John of Damascus, (c. 676-749)[a][b][e]
- John of Jandun, (1280–1328)[b][e]
- John of La Rochelle, (1190–1245)[b][e]
- John of Mirecourt, (c. 1345)[b][e]
- John of Paris, (1260–1306)[b][e]
- John of Salisbury, (c. 1115 – 1180)[a][b][e][f]
- John of St. Thomas (or Jean Poinsot), (1589–1644)[a][b][e]
- John of the Cross, (1542–1591)[b]
- Alexander Bryan Johnson, (1786–1867)[b][e]
- Samuel Johnson, (1649–1703)[e]
- Samuel Johnson, (1696–1772)[b]
- Samuel Johnson, (1709–1784)[b][d][e]
- William Ernest Johnson, (1858–1931)[a][d]
- Jørgen Jørgensen, (1894–1969)[d]
- Théodore Simon Jouffroy, (1796–1842)[b]
- Judah ben Moses of Rome (orJudah Romano), (1292–1330)[e]
- Carl Jung, (1875–1961)[a][b][d][e]
- Ernst Jünger, (1895–1998)[b]
- Joachim Jungius, (1587–1657)[b][e]
- Justinian I, (483-565)[e]
- Al-Juwayni, (1028–1085)[e]
K
- Franz Kafka (1883–1924)[b]
- Kaibara Ekiken (1630–1740)[b][e]
- Kang Youwei (1858–1927)[a]
- Immanuel Kant (1724–1804)[a][b][d][e]
- Kao Tzu (c. 420 BC)[a]
- David Kaplan (born 1933)[b][d]
- Mordecai Kaplan, (1881–1983)[e]
- Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev (1850–1931)[b]
- Lev Platonovich Karsavin (1882–1952)[b]
- Joseph Kaspi (1279–1340) [f]
- Suzy Kassem (born 1975) [f]
- Walter Kaufmann (1921–1980)[b]
- Karl Kautsky (1854–1938)[b][d][e]
- Khedrup Gelek Pelzang (1385–1438)[e]
- Konstantin Kavelin (1818–1885)[b]
- Bartholomew Keckermann (1571–1609)[e]
- Hans Kelsen (1881–1973)[b][d][e]
- Norman Kemp Smith (1872–1958)[e]
- Anthony Kenny (born 1931)[d]
- Johannes Kepler (1571–1630)[a][b][e]
- John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946)[a][b][d][e]
- Hermann Graf Keyserling (1880–1946)[b]
- Aleksey Khomyakov (1804–1860)[b]
- Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Richard Kilvington (1302–1361)[a][b][e][f]
- Robert Kilwardby (1215–1279)[a][b][e]
- Jaegwon Kim (born 1934)[a][b][d]
- Al-Kindi, (801-873)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929–1968)[b]
- Ivan Kireevsky (1806–1856)[b]
- Patricia Kitcher (born 1948)[b]
- Ludwig Klages (1872–1956)[b]
- Heinrich von Kleist (1777–1811)[a][b]
- William Calvert Kneale (1906–1990)[d]
- Martin Knutzen (1713–1751)[b][e]
- Ko Hung (4th century)[a]
- Kurt Koffka, (1886–1941)[b]
- Wolfgang Köhler (1887–1967)[a][b]
- Alexandre Kojève (1902–1968)[e]
- Alejandro Korn (1860–1936)[b][d]
- Tadeusz Kotarbiński (1886–1981)[a][b][d][e]
- Alexandre Koyre (1892–1964)[e]
- Aleksei Aleksandrovich Kozlov (1831–1901)[b]
- Karl Kraus (1874–1936)[d]
- Karl Christian Friedrich Krause (1781–1832)[a][b][e]
- Georg Kreisel (born 1923)[d]
- Saul Kripke (born 1940)[a][b][d][e]
- Julia Kristeva (born 1941)[a][b][d][e]
- Nachman Krochmal (1785–1840)[e]
- Leopold Kronecker (1823–1891)[e]
- Peter Kropotkin (1842–1921)[a][b][d][e]
- Felix Krueger (1874–1948)[b]
- Thomas Samuel Kuhn (1922–1996)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Kūkai (774-835)[d][e][f]
- Kuki Shūzō (1888–1941)[e]
- Oswald Külpe (1862–1915)[b]
- Kumazawa Banzan (1619–1691)[b][e]
- Kuo Hsiang (or Guoxiang) (c. 312)[a]
L
- Ernst Laas, (1837–1885)[b]
- Lucien Laberthonnière, (1860–1932)[b]
- Antonio Labriola, (1843–1904)[a][b][e]
- Jean de La Bruyère, (1645–1696)[b]
- Jacques Lacan, (1901–1981)[a][b][d][e]
- Jules Lachelier, (1832–1918)[b][e]
- Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, (born 1940)[e]
- Pierre Laffitte, (1823–1903)[a]
- Louis de La Forge, (1632–1666)[a][e]
- Imre Lakatos, (1922–1974)[b][d][e]
- André Lalande, (1867–1964)[b]
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, (1744–1829)[b][d]
- Johann Heinrich Lambert, (1728–1777)[a][b][e]
- Hughes Felicité Robert de Lamennais, (1752–1854)[b]
- Julien Offray de La Mettrie, (1709–1751)[a][b][d][e]
- François de La Mothe Le Vayer, (1588–1672)[b]
- Ludwig Landgrebe, (1902–1992)[b]
- Friedrich Albert Lange, (1828–1875)[a][b][e][f]
- Susanne Langer, (1895–1985)[b][d][e]
- Lao Zi (or Lao Tzu), (4th century BC)[a][b][d][f]
- Isaac La Peyrère, (1596–1676)[a][b]
- Pierre-Simon Laplace, (1749–1827)[a][b][d]
- Ivan Ivanovich Lapshin, (1870–1952)[b]
- François de La Rochefoucauld, (1613–1680)[b]
- Pierre Laromiguière, (1756–1837)[b]
- Abdullah Laroui, (born 1935)[b]
- Ferdinand Lassalle, (1825–1864)[b][e]
- Johann Kaspar Lavater, (1741–1801)[b]
- Louis Lavelle, (1883–1951)[b]
- Antoine Lavoisier, (1743–1794)[b]
- Peter Lavrovitch Lavrov, (1823–1900)[b][e]
- William Law, (1686–1761)[b][e]
- Jean Le Clerc, (1657–1737)[b][e]
- Michèle Le Dœuff, (born 1948)[d][e]
- Henri Lefebvre, (1901–1991)[e]
- Antoine Le Grand, (1629–1699)[e][f]
- Keith Lehrer, (born 1936)[b][d]
- Gottfried Leibniz, (1646–1716)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Yeshayahu Leibowitz, (1903–1994)[e]
- Vladimir Lenin, (1870–1924)[a][b][d][e]
- Leonardo da Vinci, (1452–1519)[b]
- Konstantin Nikolaevich Leont'ev, (1831–1891)[b][e]
- Giacomo Leopardi, (1798–1837)[b]
- Jules Lequier, (1814–1862)[a][b]
- Pierre Leroux, (1798–1871)[a]
- Edouard Louis Emmanuel Julien Le Roy, (1870–1954)[b][e]
- René Le Senne, (1882–1954)[b]
- Stanisław Leśniewski, (1886–1939)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, (1729–1781)[a][b][d][e]
- Leucippus, (5th century BC)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Emmanuel Levinas, (1906–1995)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Claude Lévi-Strauss, (born 1908)[d][e]
- Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, (1857–1939)[b][d]
- Kurt Lewin, (1890–1947)[a]
- Clarence Irving Lewis, (1883–1964)[a][b][d][e][f]
- C. S. Lewis, (1898–1963)[a][b][e]
- David Kellogg Lewis, (1941–2001)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Li Ao, (722-841)[a][b]
- Liang Qichao (or Liang Ch'i-ch'ao), (1873–1929)[a]
- Liang Sou-ming, (1893–1988)[a]
- Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, (1742–1799)[b][d][e]
- Arthur Liebert, (1878–1946)[b]
- Otto Liebmann, (1840–1912)[b]
- Liezi (or Lieh Tzu), (c. 440 BC – c. 360 BC)[a]
- Linji Yixuan (or Lin Chi), (c. 810-867)[e]
- Carl Linnaeus, (1707–1778)[e]
- Theodor Lipps, (1851–1914)[b]
- Justus Lipsius, (1547–1606)[b][e][f]
- Émile Littré, (1801–1881)[b]
- Liu Shaoqi (orLiu Shao-ch'i), (1898–1969)[a]
- Liu Tsung-chou (or Ch'i-shan), (1578–1645)[a]
- Genevieve Lloyd, (born 1941)[b]
- Karl Nickerson Llywelyn, (1893–1962)[e]
- Ramon Llull, (1235–1315)[a][b][e]
- John Locke, (1632–1704)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Alfred Loisy, (1857–1940)[b][e]
- Peter Lombard, (c. 1100 – 1160)[a][b][e]
- Bernard Lonergan, (1904–1984)[e]
- Pseudo-Longinus, (1st century)[a][b]
- Leo Mikhailovich Lopatin, (1855–1920)[b]
- Paul Lorenzen, (1915–1995)[e]
- Aleksei Fedorovich Losev, (1893–1988)[b][e]
- Nicholas Onufrievich Lossky, (1870–1965)[b][e]
- Yuri Lotman, (1922–1993)[b]
- Hermann Lotze, (1817–1881)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Arthur O. Lovejoy, (1873–1962)[b][d]
- John R. Lucas, (born 1929)[d]
- Lucian, (c. 120-c. 180)[b][e]
- Lucretius, (c. 99-55 BC)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Lu Jiuyuan (or Lu Xiangshan, or Lu Chiu-yuan, or Tzu-ching, or Ts'un-chai), (1139–1193)[a][b][e]
- Georg Lukács, (1885–1971)[a][b][d][e]
- Jan Łukasiewicz, (1878–1956)[a][b][d][e]
- Anatoliy Lunacharskiy, (1875–1933)[b]
- Martin Luther, (1483–1546)[a][b][d][e]
- Rosa Luxemburg, (1871–1919)[e]
- William Lycan, (born 1945)[d]
- Jean-François Lyotard, (1924–1998)[a][b][d][e]
M
- Ernst Mach, (1838–1916)[a][b][d][e]
- Niccolò Machiavelli, (1469–1527)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Alasdair MacIntyre, (born 1929)[a][b][d][e]
- John Leslie Mackie, (1917–1981)[b][d]
- Madhava, (died 1386)[e]
- Shri Madhvacharya, (1238–1317)[a][d][e]
- Mahavira, (599-527 BC)[a][e]
- Benoît de Maillet, (1656–1738)[b]
- Salomon Maimon (or Salomon ben Joshua), (1753–1800)[a][b][e][f]
- Abraham ben Moses Maimonides (or Abraham ben Maimon), (1186–1237)[e]
- Maimonides (or Rambam), (1135–1204)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Maine de Biran, (1766–1824)[b][d][e]
- John Major (or John Mair), (1467–1550)[b][d][e]
- Norman Malcolm, (1911–1990)[a][b][d]
- Nicolas Malebranche, (1638–1715)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Ernst Mally, (1879–1944)[f]
- André Malraux, (1901–1976)[b]
- Thomas Malthus, (1766–1834)[b]
- Merab Mamardashvili, (1930–1990)[b][e]
- Bernard de Mandeville, (1670–1733)[b][e]
- Mani, (3rd century)[b]
- Karl Mannheim, (1893–1947)[a][b][d]
- Henry Longueville Mansel, (1820–1871)[a][b]
- Mao Zedong (or Mao Tse-tung), (1893–1976)[a]
- Gabriel Marcel, (1887–1973)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Marcion, (110-160)[b]
- Ruth Barcan Marcus, (1921–2012)[a][b][d]
- Herbert Marcuse, (1898–1979)[a][d][e]
- Joseph Maréchal, (1878–1944)[b]
- Juan de Mariana, (1536–1624)[a][b]
- Julián Marías, (1914–2005)[b]
- Jacques Maritain, (1882–1973)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Gaius Marius Victorinus, (4th century)[e]
- Svetozar Marković, (1846–1875)[b]
- Odo Marquard, (born 1928)
- Marsilius of Inghen, (1330–1396)[a][b][e][f]
- Marsilius of Padua (or Marsiglio or Marsilio dei Mainardine), (1270–1342)[a][b][d][e]
- Roger Marston, (1235–1303)[b][e]
- Charles B. Martin, (born 1924)[d]
- Harriet Martineau, (1802–1876)[e]
- James Martineau, (1805–1900)[a][b][d]
- Piero Martinetti, (1872–1943)[b]
- Anton Marty, (1847–1914)[b][f]
- Marko Marulić, (1450–1524)[b]
- Karl Marx, (1818–1883)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Tomáš Masaryk, (1850–1937)[b][d][e]
- Damaris Cudworth Masham, (1659–1708)[a][e][f]
- Cotton Mather, (1663–1728)[b]
- Matthew of Aquasparta, (1238–1302)[b][e]
- Pierre Louis Maupertuis, (1698–1759)[b]
- Fritz Mauthner, (1849–1923)[e]
- James Clerk Maxwell, (1831–1879)[a][b][e]
- James McCosh, (1811–1894)[a][b]
- William McDougall, (1871–1938)[a][b]
- John McDowell, (born 1942)[b][d]
- Evander Bradley McGilvary, (1864–1953)[b]
- Colin McGinn, (born 1950)[d]
- John Ellis McTaggart, (1866–1925)[a][b][d][e][f]
- George Herbert Mead, (1863–1931)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Bartolomé de Medina, (1527–1580)[a]
- Georg Friedrich Meier, (1718–1777)[b]
- Friedrich Meinecke, (1862–1954)[b][e]
- Alexius Meinong, (1853–1920)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Philipp Melanchthon, (1497–1560)[b][e]
- Melissus of Samos, (late 5th century BC)[a][b][d][e]
- D. Hugh Mellor, (born 1938)[d]
- Menasseh Ben Israel, (1604–1657)[b]
- Mencius (or Meng K'o or Meng-tzu or Mengzi), (372 – 289 BC)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Gregor Mendel, (1822–1884)[a]
- Moses Mendelssohn, (1729–1786)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Désiré-Joseph Mercier, (1851–1926)[a][b]
- Maurice Merleau-Ponty, (1908–1961)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Marin Mersenne, (1588–1648)[a][b][e]
- Jean Meslier, (1664–1729)[b]
- Judah Messer Leon, (c. 1425 – c. 1495)[e]
- Emile Meyerson, (1859–1933)[b][d][e]
- Conyers Middleton, (1683–1750)[b]
- Nikolai Konstantinovich Mikhailovskii, (1842–1904)[b][e]
- Miki Kiyoshi, (1897–1945)[b][e]
- Mikyo Dorje (or Mi bskyod rdo rje), (1507–1554)[e]
- Gaston Milhaud, (1858–1918)[b]
- James Mill, (1773–1836)[a][b][d][e][f]
- John Stuart Mill, (1806–1873)[a][b][d][e][f]
- John Millar, (1735–1801)[e]
- Dickinson Miller, (1868–1963)[b]
- Ruth Millikan, (born 1933)[b][d]
- John Milton, (1608–1674)[b]
- Minagawa Kien, (1734–1807)[b]
- Mir Damad (or Mir Mohammad Baqer Esterabadi), (died 1631)[e]
- Miura Baien, (1723–1789)[b]
- Jacob Moleschott, (1822–1893)[b]
- Luis de Molina, (1535–1600)[a][b][d][e]
- Enrique Molina Garmendia, (1871–1962)[b]
- Lord Monboddo (or James Burnett), (1714–1799)[e]
- Richard Montague, (1930–1971)[b][e]
- William Pepperell Montague, (1873–1953)[b]
- Michel de Montaigne, (1533–1592)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Baron de Montesquieu (1689–1755)[a][b][e][f]
- Edmund Montgomery, (1835–1911)[b]
- G. E. Moore, (1873–1958)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Henry More, (1614–1687)[a][b][e][f]
- Thomas More, (1478–1535)[a][b]
- C. Lloyd Morgan, (1852–1936)[b]
- Lewis H. Morgan, (1818–1881)[b]
- Thomas Morgan, (Died 1743)[b]
- Karl Philipp Moritz, (1756–1793)[b]
- Gaetano Mosca, (1858–1941)[a][b]
- Motoori Norinaga, (1730–1801)[e]
- Emmanuel Mounier, (1905–1950)[b]
- Mou Tsung-san, (1909–1995)[a]
- Mozi (or Mo Tzu, or Mo Ti, or Micius), (c. 470 – c. 390 BC)[a][b][e]
- David Ibn Merwan Al-Mukammas (or Daud Ibn Marwan al-Muqammas or David ha-Bavli), (died 937)[b][e]
- Mulla Sadra, (1571–1640)[b][d][e][f]
- Iris Murdoch, (1919–1999)[b][d]
- Muro Kyuso, (1658–1734)[b]
- Arthur Edward Murphy, (1901–1962)[b]
- Musonius Rufus, (1st century)[b][e]
N
- Arne Næss, (born 1912)[d][e]
- Nagarjuna, (ca. 200 CE)[a][b][d][e]
- Ernest Nagel, (1901–1985)[a][b][d][e]
- Thomas Nagel, (born 1937)[a][b][d][e]
- Nahmanides, (1194–1270)[e]
- Jacques-André Naigeon, (1738–1810)[b]
- Toju Nakae, (1608–1648)[b]
- Jean-Luc Nancy, (born 1940)[e]
- Hossein Nasr, (born 1933)[b]
- Paul Gerhard Natorp, (1854–1924)[b][f]
- Alexander Neckham, (1157–1217)[e]
- Leonard Nelson, (1882–1927)[b]
- Nemesius of Emesa, (fl. c. 400)[a][b][e]
- John von Neumann, (1903–1957)[a][b][d][e]
- Otto Neurath, (1882–1945)[b][d][e]
- John Henry Newman, (1801–1890)[a][b][e]
- Isaac Newton, (1642–1727)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Nichiren, (1222–1282)[e]
- Nicholas of Autrecourt, (c. 1300 – 1369)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Nicholas of Cusa, (1401–1464)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Christoph Friedrich Nicolai, (1733–1811)[b]
- Pierre Nicole, (1625–1695)[b]
- H. Richard Niebuhr, (1894–1962)[e]
- Reinhold Niebuhr, (1892–1971)[b][e]
- Friedrich Nietzsche, (1844–1900)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Agostino Nifo, (1470–1538)[e]
- Nishi Amane, (1829–1897)[b][e]
- Nishida Kitaro, (1870–1945)[b][d][e][f]
- Nishitani Keiji, (1900–1990)[d][e]
- Kwame Nkrumah, (1909–1972)[d]
- John Norris, (1657–1711)[b][e][f]
- Novalis, (1772–1801)[a][b][f]
- Robert Nozick, (1938–2001)[a][b][d][e]
- Numenius of Apamea, (2nd century)[a][b][e][f]
- Martha Nussbaum, (born 1947)[a][b][d]
- Anders Nygren, (1890–1978)[e]
O
- Michael Oakeshott, (1901–1990)[a][b][d][e]
- William of Ockham, (c. 1285 – 1349)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Ogyū Sorai, (1666–1728)[b][e]
- Lorenz Oken, (1779–1851)[b][e]
- Karl Olivecrona, (1897–1980)[e]
- Peter Olivi, (1248–1298)[a][b][e][f]
- Olympiodorus the Younger, (495-570)[f]
- John Wood Oman, (1860–1939)[b][e]
- Onora O'Neill, (born 1941)[d]
- Nicole Oresme, (1320–1382)[b][e][f]
- Origen of Alexandria, (c. 182-c. 251)[a][b][e]
- Isaac Orobio de Castro, (1617–1687)[b]
- Hans Christian Ørsted (1777–1851)
- José Ortega y Gasset, (1883–1955)[a][b][d][e]
- Wilhelm Ostwald, (1853–1932)[b]
- James Oswald, (1703–1793)[e]
- Rudolf Otto, (1869–1937)[b][e]
- Richard Overton, (d. c. 1665)[e]
- Gwilyn Ellis Lane Owen, (1922–1982)[b][d][e]
P
- Thomas Paine, (1737–1809)[a][b][d][e]
- Menyhért Palágyi, (1859–1924)[b]
- William Paley, (1743–1805)[a][b][e]
- Elihu Palmer, (1764–1806)[b]
- Panaetius, (c. 185 – c. 110 BC)[b][e]
- Wolfhart Pannenberg, (born 1928)[b]
- David Papineau, (born 1947)[d]
- Giovanni Papini, (1881–1956)[b]
- Paracelsus, (1493–1541)[a][b][e]
- Vilfredo Pareto, (1848–1923)[b]
- Derek Parfit, (born 1942)[a][b][d]
- Theodore Parker, (1810–1860)[b]
- Parmenides, (5th century BC)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Blaise Pascal, (1623–1662)[a][b][e][f]
- John Arthur Passmore, (1914–2004)[e]
- Valentino Annibale Pastore, (1868–1956)[b]
- Patañjali, (2nd century BC)[e]
- Walter Pater, (1839–1904)[b]
- Jan Patočka, (1907–1977)[e]
- Francesco Patrizi da Cherso (or Franciscus Patritius) (1529–1597)[b][e][f]
- Akos Pauler, (1876–1933)[b]
- Linus Pauling, (1901–1994)[b]
- Paul of Venice, (1369–1429)[a][b][e][f]
- Friedrich Paulsen, (1846–1908)[b]
- Ivan Pavlov, (1849–1936)[b]
- Christopher Peacocke, (born 1950)[d]
- Giuseppe Peano, (1858–1932)[b][d]
- David Pears, (born 1921)[d]
- Karl Pearson, (1857–1936)[b]
- John Peckham, (died 1292)[b][e]
- Benjamin Peirce, (1809–1880)[f]
- Charles Sanders Peirce, (1839–1914)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Pelagius, (c. 360-c. 435)[b][d]
- William Penbygull, (died 1420)[f]
- Thomas Percival, (1740–1804)[a]
- Ralph Barton Perry, (1876–1957)[a][b][d]
- Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, (1746–1827)[b]
- Peter of Auvergne, (13th century)[e]
- Peter of Spain (13th century; usually identified with Pope John XXI)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Richard Stanley Peters, (born 1919)[d]
- Petrarch, (1304–1374)[b][d][e]
- Leon Petrazycki, (1867–1931)[e]
- Joane Petrizi, (12th century)[f]
- Branislav Petronijević, (1875–1954)[b]
- Petar II Petrović-Njegoš, (1813–1851)[b]
- Joseph Petzoldt, (1862–1929)[b]
- Alexander Pfänder, (1870–1941)[b]
- Philip the Chancellor, (1160–1236)[e][f]
- Philo Judaeus of Alexandria, (20 BC – 40 AD)[a][b][d][e]
- Philo of Larissa, (1st century BC)[e][f]
- Philo the Dialectician, (c. 300 BC)[d][e]
- Philodemus of Gadara, (1st century BC)[b][e]
- Philolaus of Croton, (c. 480-c. 405 BC)[a][b][e][f]
- Philo of Larissa, (154 BC – 84 BC)[b]
- Philo of Megara, (300 BC c.)[b]
- John Philoponus, (early 6th century)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Jean Piaget, (1896–1980)[a][b][e]
- Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, (1463–1494)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Dimitri Pisarev, (1840–1868)[b]
- Max Planck, (1858–1947)[b][d][e]
- Alvin Plantinga, (born 1932)[a][b][d]
- Plato, (c. 427 BC – c. 347 BC)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Georgi Plekhanov, (1856–1918)[a][b][d][e]
- Helmuth Plessner, (1892–1985)[b]
- Gemistus Pletho, (c. 1355 – c. 1452)[b]
- Plotinus, (died 270)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Gottfried Ploucquet, (1716–1790)[b]
- Mestrius Plutarch of Chaeronia, (c. 45-c. 120)[b][e]
- Henri Poincaré, (1854–1912)[a][b][d][e]
- Michael Polanyi, (1891–1976)[e]
- Pietro Pomponazzi, (1462–1525)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Alexander Pope, (1688–1744)[b]
- Karl Popper, (1902–1994)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Josef Popper-Lynkeus, (1838–1921)[b]
- Porphyry, (c. 232-c. 304)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Noah Porter, (1811–1892)[b]
- Posidonius, (c. 135 – 51 BC)[b][e]
- Richard Posner, (born 1939)[b]
- Emil Leon Post, (1897–1954)[e]
- Robert Joseph Pothier, (1699–1772)[e]
- Roscoe Pound, (1870–1964)[e]
- Henry Habberley Price, (1899–1984)[d]
- Richard Price, (1723–1791)[a][b][d][e]
- Harold Arthur Prichard, (1871–1947)[a][d][e][f]
- Joseph Priestley, (1733–1804)[a][b][d][e]
- Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison, (1856–1931)[b]
- Arthur Prior, (1914–1969)[b][e][f]
- Proclus, (412-487)[b][d][e]
- Prodicus, (c. 450 – 399 BC)[b][e]
- Protagoras, (c. 481 – 420 BC)[b][d][e]
- Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, (1809–1865)[a][b][d][e]
- Marcel Proust, (1871–1922)[b]
- Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, (5th century)[b][e][f]
- Pseudo-Grosseteste, (13th century)[b][e]
- Ptolemy, (c. 85-c. 165)[e]
- Samuel Pufendorf, (1632–1694)[a][b][e]
- Hilary Putnam, (born 1926)[a][b][d][e]
- Pyrrho, (c. 360-c. 270)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Pythagoras, (582 BC – 496 BC)[a][b][d][e][f]
- Pandurang Shastri Athavale, (1920–2003)
Q
- Ismael Quiles (1906–1993)
- W. V. O. Quine, (1908–2000)[a][b][d][e]
- Anthony Quinton, (born 1925)[d]
- List of philosophers
- (A-C)
- (D-H)
- (I-Q)
- (R-Z)
References
<div class="reflist" " style=" list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, (Second Edition). Cambridge University Press; 1999. ISBN 0-521-63722-8
- Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Second Edition). Martin Gale; 2006. ISBN 0-02-865780-2
- Karl Jaspers Society of North America and Existenz
- The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford University Press; 1995. ISBN 0-19-866132-0
- Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Routledge; 1998. ISBN 978-0-415-07310-3
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Biographies covered as of January 16, 2010
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