List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust

See also: Responsibility for the Holocaust and Category:Holocaust perpetrators

This is a list of major perpetrators of The Holocaust.

Name Photograph Date of birth Date of death Age at death Role Fate
Hitler, AdolfAdolf Hitler April 20, 1889 April 30, 1945 56 years, 10 days Leader of the Nazi Party during the Third Reich

Chancellor of Germany
Führer of Germany

Committed suicide by gunshot[1][2]
Himmler, Heinrich LuitpoldHeinrich Luitpold Himmler October 7, 1900 May 23, 1945 44 years, 228 days Reichsführer-SS

Chief of German Police
Reich Minister of the Interior

Arrested; committed suicide by biting down on a cyanide capsule
Heydrich, Reinhard Tristan EugenReinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich March 7, 1904 June 4, 1942 38 years, 89 days Chief of the Reich Main Security Office

Deputy Reich-Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (acting Protector)

Assassinated in Operation Anthropoid
Eichmann, Otto AdolfOtto Adolf Eichmann March 19, 1906 May 31, 1962 56 years, 73 days Head of the Gestapo Office of Jewish Affairs (RSHA Sub-Department IV-B4). Charged by Reinhard Heydrich with facilitating and managing the mass deportations of Jews to ghettos and extermination camps in Eastern Europe. Evaded arrest after the war and escaped to Argentina in 1950. Discovered and kidnapped by Israeli agents in May 1960; subsequently brought to Israel, tried and executed by hanging in June 1962.
Göring, Hermann WilhelmHermann Wilhelm Göring January 12, 1893 October 15, 1946 53 years, 276 days Commander-in-Chief of the Luftwaffe
President of the Reichstag
Reichsminister of Aviation
Sentenced to death by hanging; committed suicide by cyanide poisoning
Müller, HeinrichHeinrich Müller April 28, 1900 SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Polizei, Chief of the Gestapo 1939–1945 Disappeared; possibly killed in Berlin during May 1945 (unconfirmed)
Globocnik, OdiloOdilo Globocnik April 21, 1904 May 31, 1945 41 years, 40 days SS and Police Leader in the General Government

Head of Operation Reinhard

Committed suicide by cyanide poisoning
Eicke, TheodorTheodor Eicke October 17, 1892 February 26, 1943 50 years, 132 days A major figure in the creation of the Nazi concentration camps

First commander of SS Division Totenkopf, which became notorious for its war crimes.

Killed in action
Glücks, RichardRichard Glücks April 22, 1889 May 10, 1945 56 years, 18 days Head of Concentration Camp Operations (Amt D: Konzentrationslagerwesen) in the SS Main Economic and Administrative Department (SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt) Committed suicide by cyanide poisoning
Kaltenbrunner, ErnstErnst Kaltenbrunner October 4, 1903 October 16, 1946 43 years, 12 days Chief of the Reich Main Security Office after Heydrich was assassinated
President of Interpol
Executed by hanging
Goebbels, Paul JosephPaul Joseph Goebbels October 29, 1897 May 1, 1945 47 years, 184 days Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda

High-ranking Nazi Party member

Committed suicide by gunshot
Frank, Hans MichaelHans Michael Frank May 23, 1900 October 16, 1946 46 years, 146 days Governor-General of the General Government Executed by hanging
Seyss-Inquart, ArthurArthur Seyss-Inquart July 22, 1892 October 16, 1946 54 years, 86 days Ruler of the Netherlands after its conquest, and effectively deputy to Hans Frank in occupied Poland Executed by hanging
Daluege, KurtKurt Daluege September 15, 1897 October 24, 1946 49 years, 39 days Chief of the Ordnungspolizei

Deputy Reich-Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (acting Protector)
Organized the massacres of the Czech villages of Lidice and Ležáky after the assassination of Heydrich

Executed by hanging
Günther, HansHans Günther August 22, 1910 May 5, 1945 34 years, 256 days Elder brother of Rolf Günther; head of the Central Office for Jewish Emigration in Prague (1939–1945).
Directly in charge of the Final Solution in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
Killed by Czech partisans during the Prague Uprising
Günther , RolfRolf Günther January 8, 1913 August 15, 1945 32 years, 219 days First deputy to Adolf Eichmann in the Gestapo Office of Jewish Affairs and head of the "Emigration Section" (RSHA Sub-Department IV-B4-a). Direct overseer of the deportations of Jews to concentration camps; personally oversaw the deportations of Greek Jews.
Chief of Security Police and SD in Vienna (1943–1944) and in Prague (1944–1945)
Taken into American custody in May 1945; committed suicide by cyanide poisoning in August 1945.
Novak, FranzFranz Novak January 10, 1913 October 21, 1983 70 years, 284 days Deputy to Adolf Eichmann in the Office of Jewish Affairs; logistics and timetable coordinator for railway deportations of Jews under Rolf Günther (RSHA Sub-Department IV-B4-a-"Transport"). Arrested in 1961; tried and acquitted in 1964 and 1966. Sentenced to 9 years in 1969; verdict reduced to 7 years in 1972; pardoned by the President of Austria with credit for time served.
Pohl, Oswald LudwigOswald Ludwig Pohl June 30, 1892 June 8, 1951 58 years, 343 days Chief of the SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt (SS Main Economic and Administrative Department), the central SS financial office responsible for overall administration of the concentration camps. Executed by hanging
Greiser, ArthurArthur Greiser January 22, 1897 July 21, 1946 49 years, 180 days Gauleiter of Wartheland; active participant in organising the Holocaust in Poland Executed by hanging
Brunner, AloisAlois Brunner April 8, 1912 c. 2010 c. 98 Deputy to Adolf Eichmann; organised the deportations of at least 140,000 Jews from France, Greece, Slovakia and Austria. Commandant of the Drancy internment camp Escaped to Egypt around 1954, then fled to Syria. Served as a consultant to the al-Assad regime on torture techniques; died in Syria of natural causes around 2010.
Dannecker, TheodorTheodor Dannecker March 27, 1913 December 10, 1945 32 years, 258 days Deputy to Adolf Eichmann; Head of the SD Hauptamt – Judenreferat (SD Head Office – Jewish Affairs Department) for Paris: September 1940 – July 1942

In charge of the Final Solution in Bulgaria, the Balkans and Hungary (from 1943)

Arrested by the U.S. military; committed suicide
Bormann, Martin LudwigMartin Ludwig Bormann June 17, 1900 May 2, 1945 44 years, 319 days Head of the Nazi Party Chancellery

Private Secretary to Adolf Hitler

Sentenced to death by hanging in absentia; believed to have committed suicide to avoid capture in Berlin; the buried body was not found until 1972; the remains were conclusively identified in 1998.[3][4]
Rosenberg, Alfred ErnstAlfred Ernst Rosenberg January 12, 1893 October 16, 1946 53 years, 277 days Nazi theoretician and head of the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories Executed by hanging
Brandt, Rudolf HermannRudolf Hermann Brandt June 2, 1909 June 2, 1948 39 years, 0 days Chief of the Ministerial Office of the Reich Ministry of the Interior and personal deputy of administration to Heinrich Himmler Executed by hanging
Freisler, RolandRoland Freisler October 30, 1893 February 3, 1945 51 years, 96 days Prominent lawyer/judge and State Secretary of the Reich Ministry of Justice and President of the People's Court (Volksgerichtshof) in Nazi Germany. Between 1942 and 1945, more than 5,000 death sentences were handed out, and of these, 2,600 through the court's First Senate, which Freisler headed Killed during an Allied bombing raid
Keitel, Wilhelm Bodewin Johann GustavWilhelm Bodewin Johann Gustav Keitel September 22, 1882 October 16, 1946 64 years, 24 days Minister of War and chief of the Supreme Command of the Armed Forces Executed by hanging
Höfle, Hermann Julius "Hans"Hermann Julius "Hans" Höfle June 19, 1911 August 20, 1962 51 years, 62 days Coordinator of Operation Reinhard Arrested; committed suicide by hanging
Thomalla, Richard WolfgangRichard Wolfgang Thomalla October 23, 1903 May 12, 1945 41 years, 201 days Head of extermination camp construction during Operation Reinhard Executed by the NKVD (presumed)
Lambert, Erwin HermannErwin Hermann Lambert December 7, 1909 October 15, 1976 66 years, 313 days Head of gas chamber construction during Operation Reinhard Arrested but acquitted
Steubl, KarlKarl Steubl October 25, 1910 September 21, 1945 34 years, 331 days Commander of transportation units during Operation Reinhard Arrested; committed suicide
Bischoff, KarlKarl Bischoff August 9, 1897 October 2, 1950 53 years, 54 days Head of extermination camp construction at Auschwitz II-Birkenau Died without being suspected of a crime
Wirth, ChristianChristian Wirth November 24, 1885 May 26, 1944 58 years, 184 days Inspector of Action T4 and Operation Reinhard;

Commandant of Bełżec, March 17, 1942—end of August 1942 (1/2)

Assassinated
Höss, Rudolf Franz FerdinandRudolf Franz Ferdinand Höss November 25, 1900 April 16, 1947 46 years, 142 days Commandant of Auschwitz, May 4, 1940December 1, 1943, May 8, 1944January 18, 1945 (1/2) Executed by hanging
Liebehenschel, ArthurArthur Liebehenschel November 25, 1901 January 28, 1948 46 years, 64 days Commandant of Auschwitz, December 1, 1943May 8, 1944 (2/2);

Commandant of Majdanek, May 19, 1944July 22, 1944 (5/5)

Executed by hanging
Eberl, IrmfriedIrmfried Eberl September 8, 1910 February 16, 1948 37 years, 161 days Commandant of Treblinka, July 11, 1942August 26, 1942 (1/3) Arrested; committed suicide by hanging
Stangl, Franz PaulFranz Paul Stangl March 26, 1908 June 28, 1971 63 years, 94 days Commandant of Sobibór, April 28, 1942August 30, 1942 (1/2);

Commandant of Treblinka, September 1, 1942August 1943 (2/3)

Arrested on February 28, 1967; sentenced to life imprisonment on October 22, 1970; died in prison
Franz, Kurt HubertKurt Hubert Franz January 17, 1914 July 4, 1998 84 years, 168 days Commandant of Treblinka, August 1943October 19, 1943 (3/3) Arrested on December 2, 1959; sentenced to life imprisonment in 1965; released on health grounds in 1993
Reichleitner, Franz KarlFranz Karl Reichleitner December 2, 1906 January 3, 1944 37 years, 32 days Commandant of Sobibór, September 1, 1942October 17, 1943 (2/2) Assassinated
Hering, GottliebGottlieb Hering June 2, 1887 October 9, 1945 58 years, 129 days Commandant of Bełżec, end of August 1942June 1943 (2/2) Died of mysterious health complications
Goeth, Amon LeopoldAmon Leopold Goeth December 11, 1908 September 13, 1946 37 years, 276 days Commandant of Kraków-Płaszów (1/1) Executed by hanging
Mengele, Dr. JosefDr. Josef Mengele March 16, 1911 February 7, 1979 67 years, 328 days Human medical experimentation, particularly children, and selection of prisoners to be gassed at Auschwitz Escaped to Brazil; evaded arrest and died in 1979
Frank, Karl HermannKarl Hermann Frank January 24, 1898 May 22, 1946 48 years, 118 days Higher SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) and State Minister for Bohemia and Moravia Executed by hanging
Rauter, Hanns AlbinHanns Albin Rauter February 4, 1895 March 24, 1949 54 years, 48 days Higher SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) for the Netherlands Executed by firing squad
Oberg, CarlCarl Oberg January 27, 1897 June 3, 1965 68 years, 127 days SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) for Radom (August 1941 – May 1942)
Higher SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) for France (May 1942 – November 1944). Supreme German authority in France for anti-Jewish and anti-Resistance operations
Sentenced to death – 1946, transferred to French custody and sentenced to death – 1954, commuted to life imprisonment in 1958, released November 1962
Rauff, WalterWalter Rauff
June 19, 1906 May 14, 1984 77 years, 330 days Most wanted Nazi fugitive in the 1970s and 1980s. Designed gas vans to poison Jews, and persons with disabilities. Arrested in Italy in 1945; escaped in 1946, fled to Syria in 1948, to Ecuador in 1949, to Chile in 1958. Extradition request by Germany thrown out by Chile in 1963 on the grounds of expired statute of limitations. Died of natural causes in Chile in 1984.
Wirths, Dr. EduardDr. Eduard Wirths September 4, 1909 September 20, 1945 36 years, 16 days Human medical experimentation, and formal responsibility of medical staff at Auschwitz Arrested; committed suicide by hanging
Schumann, Dr. HorstDr. Horst Schumann May 1, 1906 May 5, 1983 77 years, 4 days Human medical experimentation at Auschwitz Arrested in 1966; released on health grounds on July 29, 1972
Clauberg, Dr. CarlDr. Carl Clauberg September 28, 1898 August 9, 1957 58 years, 315 days Human medical experimentation at Auschwitz Sentenced to 25 years imprisonment in 1948; released in 1955; re-arrested in West Germany, but died of a heart attack before being tried
Brack, Viktor HermannViktor Hermann Brack November 9, 1904 June 2, 1948 43 years, 206 days Action T4;

Human medical experimentation

Executed by hanging
Gebhardt, Dr. Karl FranzDr. Karl Franz Gebhardt November 23, 1897 June 2, 1948 50 years, 192 days Director of the German Red Cross and personal physician to Heinrich Himmler. Oversaw human medical experimentation of concentration camp inmates. Executed by hanging
Klein, Dr. FritzDr. Fritz Klein November 24, 1888 December 13, 1945 57 years, 19 days Selection of prisoners to be gassed at Auschwitz Executed by hanging
Brandt, Dr. KarlDr. Karl Brandt January 8, 1904 June 2, 1948 44 years, 146 days Co-director of Action T4

Conducted human medical experimentation

Executed by hanging
Bouhler, PhilippPhilipp Bouhler September 11, 1899 May 19, 1945 45 years, 250 days Director of Action T4 Arrested; committed suicide by cyanide poisoning
Kramer, JosefJosef Kramer November 10, 1906 December 13, 1945 39 years, 33 days Deputy commandant of Auschwitz

Commandant of Bergen-Belsen

Executed by hanging
Aumeier, HansHans Aumeier August 20, 1906 January 28, 1948 41 years, 161 days Deputy commandant of Auschwitz Executed by hanging
Hössler, FranzFranz Hössler February 4, 1906 December 13, 1945 39 years, 312 days Deputy commandant of Auschwitz Executed by hanging
Fritzsch, KarlKarl Fritzsch July 10, 1903 May 2, 1945? 41 years, 296 days? Deputy commandant of Auschwitz Disappeared in May 1945; fate uncertain
Grabner, MaximilianMaximilian Grabner October 2, 1905 January 28, 1948 42 years, 118 days Gestapo command (torture of prisoners) at Auschwitz Executed by hanging
Matthes, Heinrich ArthurHeinrich Arthur Matthes January 11, 1902 Deceased Deputy commandant of Treblinka Arrested in 1964; sentenced to life imprisonment on September 3, 1965
Oberhauser, Josef KasparJosef Kaspar Oberhauser January 21, 1915 November 22, 1979 64 years, 305 days Deputy commandant of Bełżec Sentenced to 15 years in prison; released early on 28 April 1956
Hackenholt, Lorenz MarieLorenz Marie Hackenholt June 25, 1914 December 31, 1945 31 years, 189 days Gas chamber construction and executioner of Bełżec and other camps during Operation Reinhard Declared legally dead
Niemann, JohannJohann Niemann August 4, 1913 October 14, 1943 30 years, 71 days Deputy commandant of Bełżec and Sobibór Assassinated during Sobibór revolt
Wagner, Gustav FranzGustav Franz Wagner July 18, 1911 October 3, 1980 69 years, 77 days Deputy commandant of Sobibór Sentenced to death by hanging in absentia; evaded arrest for 35 years until found dead, believed to have committed suicide by stabbing
Frenzel, Karl August WilhelmKarl August Wilhelm Frenzel August 28, 1911 September 2, 1996 85 years, 5 days Commandant of Camp I (forced labor camp) at Sobibór Arrested on March 22, 1962; sentenced to life imprisonment on December 20, 1966; released on health grounds in 1982
Michel, HermannHermann Michel April 23, 1912 Deputy commandant of Sobibór Evaded arrest; whereabouts unknown
Bauer, Hermann ErichHermann Erich Bauer March 26, 1900 February 4, 1980 79 years, 315 days Gas chamber executioner of Sobibór Sentenced to death by hanging; commuted to life imprisonment; died in prison
Bolender, Heinz KurtHeinz Kurt Bolender May 21, 1912 October 10, 1966 54 years, 142 days Gas chamber executioner of Sobibór Arrested in May 1961; committed suicide by hanging
Stroop, JürgenJürgen Stroop September 26, 1895 March 6, 1952 56 years, 162 days Suppression and destruction of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Executed by hanging
Krüger, Friedrich-WilhelmFriedrich-Wilhelm Krüger February 27, 1894 May 9, 1945 51 years, 71 days SS and Police Leader in occupied Poland Committed suicide
Streckenbach, Bruno HeinrichBruno Heinrich Streckenbach February 7, 1902 October 28, 1977 75 years, 263 days Trained the Einsatzgruppen; commander of Einsatzgruppe I in Poland Sentenced to 25 years imprisonment in 1952; released on October 10, 1955
Jeckeln, Friedrich AugustFriedrich August Jeckeln February 2, 1895 February 3, 1946 51 years, 1 day Responsible for Rumbula, Babi Yar, and Kamianets-Podilskyi massacres Executed by hanging
Stahlecker, Franz WalterFranz Walter Stahlecker October 10, 1900 March 23, 1942 41 years, 164 days (Commander of Einsatzgruppe A, Baltic states, June 22, 1941March 23, 1942 (1/5) Killed in action
Jost, HeinzHeinz Jost July 9, 1904 November 12, 1964 60 years, 126 days Commander of Einsatzgruppe A, Baltic states, March 29, 1942September 2, 1942 (2/5) Sentenced to life imprisonment in 1945; commuted to 10 years; released in 1951
Achamer-Pifrader, HumbertHumbert Achamer-Pifrader November 21, 1900 April 25, 1945 44 years, 155 days Commander of Einsatzgruppe A, Baltic states, September 10, 1942September 4, 1943 (3/5) Killed in air raid
Panzinger, FriedrichFriedrich Panzinger February 1, 1903 August 8, 1959 56 years, 188 days Commander of Einsatzgruppe A, Baltic states, September 5, 1943May 6, 1944 (4/5)
Chief of the Kripo (2/2)
Arrested; committed suicide
Fuchs, WilhelmWilhelm Fuchs September 1, 1898 January 24, 1947 48 years, 145 days Commander of Einsatzgruppe A, Baltic states, May 6, 1944October 10, 1944 (5/5);

Commander of Einsatzkommando 3, September 15, 1943May 27, 1944

Executed
Strauch, EduardEduard Strauch August 17, 1906 September 15, 1955 49 years, 29 days Commander of Einsatzkommando 2, Latvia (Rumbula), November 4, 1941December 2, 1941;

Commander of Sonderkommando 1b, March 1942August 1942

Sentenced to death by hanging in 1948; died in prison
Lange, RudolfRudolf Lange April 18, 1910 February 23, 1945 34 years, 311 days Commander of Einsatzkommando 2, Latvia, December 3, 19411944 Believed to have been killed in action
Jäger, KarlKarl Jäger September 20, 1888 June 22, 1959 70 years, 275 days Commander of Einsatzkommando 3, Lithuania, June 1941August 1, 1943 Discovered and arrested in 1959; committed suicide
Schaper, HermannHermann Schaper August 12, 1911 deceased after 2002 over 90 years Commander of Einsatzgruppe B, Poland Arrested in 1964; released due to insufficient evidence
Nebe, ArthurArthur Nebe November 13, 1894 March 21, 1945 50 years, 128 days Commander of Einsatzgruppe B, Belarus, June 1941November 1941 (1/5)
Chief of the Kripo (1/2)
President of Interpol
Executed by Nazi Germany for involvement in the failed 20 July 1944 attempt to kill Adolf Hitler
Naumann, ErichErich Naumann April 29, 1905 June 8, 1951 46 years, 40 days Commander of Einsatzgruppe B, Belarus, November 1941March 1943 (2/5) Executed by hanging
Böhme, HorstHorst Böhme August 24, 1909 April 10, 1945 35 years, 229 days Lidice
Commander of Einsatzgruppe B, Belarus, March 12, 1943August 28, 1943, August 12, 1944 (3/5);

Commander of Einsatzgruppe C, north and central Ukraine, September 6, 1943March 1944 (3/3)

Presumed killed in action in Königsberg, East Prussia; officially declared dead in 1954
Ehrlinger, ErichErich Ehrlinger October 14, 1910 July 31, 2004 93 years, 291 days Commander of Einsatzgruppe B, Belarus, August 28, 1943April 1944 (4/5);

Commander of Sonderkommando 1b, June 1941November 1941

Arrested in December 1958; sentenced to 12 years imprisonment
Seetzen, Heinrich OttoHeinrich Otto Seetzen June 22, 1906 September 28, 1945 39 years, 98 days Commander of Einsatzgruppe B, Belarus, April 28, 1944August 1944 (5/5);

Commander of Einsatzkommando 10a, Moldova, south Ukraine, the Crimea, and north Caucasus, June 1941July 1942

Arrested in September 1945; committed suicide by cyanide poisoning.
Bradfisch, OttoOtto Bradfisch May 10, 1903 June 22, 1994 91 years, 43 days Commander of Einsatzkommando 8, Belarus, June 1941April 1, 1942 Arrested on April 21, 1958; sentenced to 13 years imprisonment in 1963
Rasch, Emil OttoEmil Otto Rasch December 7, 1891 November 1, 1948 56 years, 330 days Commander of Einsatzgruppe C, north and central Ukraine, June 1941October 1941 (1/3) Arrested; removed from trial on health grounds; died in prison
Thomas, MaxMax Thomas August 4, 1891 December 6, 1945 54 years, 124 days Commander of Einsatzgruppe C, north and central Ukraine, October 1941April 29, 1943 (2/3) Committed suicide
Blobel, PaulPaul Blobel August 13, 1894 June 8, 1951 56 years, 299 days Commander of Einsatzkommando 4a, Ukraine (Babi Yar), June 1941January 13, 1942;

Director of Sonderaktion 1005

Executed by hanging
Ohlendorf, OttoOtto Ohlendorf February 4, 1907 June 8, 1951 44 years, 124 days Commander of Einsatzgruppe D, Moldova, south Ukraine, the Crimea, and north Caucasus, June 1941July 1942 (1/2) Executed by hanging
Bierkamp, WaltherWalther Bierkamp December 17, 1901 May 15, 1945 43 years, 149 days Commander of Einsatzgruppe D, Moldova, south Ukraine, the Crimea, and north Caucasus, July 1942March 1943 (2/2) Committed suicide
Braune, WernerWerner Braune April 11, 1909 June 8, 1951 42 years, 58 days Commander of Einsatzkommando 11b, south Ukraine and the Crimea, October 1941September 1942 Executed by hanging
Mandel, MariaMaria Mandel January 10, 1912 January 24, 1948 36 years, 14 days Commandant of female camp at Auschwitz Executed by hanging
Grese, Irma Ida IlseIrma Ida Ilse Grese October 7, 1924 December 13, 1945 21 years, 67 days Warden of the women's section of Bergen-Belsen, and later Auschwitz Executed by hanging

References

  1. Kershaw (2008) Hitler: A Biography, p. 955
  2. Joachimsthaler (1999) [1995] The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, the Evidence, the Truth, pp. 160–182
  3. Beevor (2002) Berlin: The Downfall 1945, p. 383
  4. Miller (2006) Leaders of the SS and German Police, Vol. 1, p. 154
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