List of infantry weapons and equipment of the Canadian military

This is a list of Infantry weapons used by the Canadian Military throughout its history and military arms used by militaries in pre-Confederation conflicts in Canada.

Colonial Era to Confederation (1604 - 1867)

Black Powder Rifles, Carbines and Pistols

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Charleville 1717 Flintlock 1717-1840  France
Charleville 1728 Flintlock 1728-1840  France
Charleville 1746 Flintlock 1746-1840  France
Fusil de Grenadier Tulle Flintlock 1690-????  France
Fusil de chasse Tulle Flintlock 1700s  France
Queen Anne Musket Flintlock 1702-1840  United Kingdom
William III Carbine Flintlock 1700s  United Kingdom
Baker rifle Flintlock 1801-1837  United Kingdom
Nock Carbine Flintlock 1780-1790s  United Kingdom
Elliot Carbine Flintlock 1770s  United Kingdom
Brown Bess Long Land, Short Land, India Patterns Flintlock 1722  United Kingdom
Lovells Pattern 1838 musket and Double Barrel Carbine Caplock 1883  United Kingdom
Pattern 1842 Musket Caplock 1842-1853  United Kingdom
Pattern 1851 Rifle Caplock 1851  United Kingdom
Pattern 1853 Enfield Caplock 1853  United Kingdom
Lancaster Rifle Caplock 1855-1869  United Kingdom
Brunswick rifle Caplock 1840-????  United Kingdom

Service rifles and carbines

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Starr Carbine Breech-Loading 1861-1860s  United States
Spencer rifle and carbine Repeating rifle 1860-1860s  United States
Westley Richards Rifle Breech-Loading 1812-1871  United Kingdom
Peabody Rifle Breech-Loading 1860s-1871  United Kingdom
Snider Enfield Breech-Loading 1860s-1901  United Kingdom Carbine version carried West by the N.W.M.P. in 1873

Confederation to First World War (1867 - 1914)

Service Pistols

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Colt Model 1878 Revolver 1885-1902  United States
Colt "New Service" Revolver Revolver 1900-1928  United States Also used by the RNWMP and RCMP from 1905-1954

Service Rifles

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Martini–Henry Breech-Loading 1871-1888  United Kingdom
Winchester Repeating rifle 1873-1918  United States
Martini–Metford Breech-Loading 1894-1902  United Kingdom
Martini–Enfield Breech-Loading 1778-1902  United Kingdom
Lee–Metford Bolt Action 1895-1926  United Kingdom
Lee–Enfield Mk.I Bolt Action 1896-1905  United Kingdom
Ross Mk.I and Mk.II Bolt Action 1905-1915  Canada

First World War to Second World War (1914 - 1939)

Service Pistols

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Colt New Service Revolver 1900-1928  United States Also used by the NWMP and RCMP from 1905-1954. chambered in .455 Webley
M1911 pistol Semi-automatic pistol 1914-1945  United States

.45 ACP chambering, Royal Navy also had .455 Webley Auto version.

Smith & Wesson 44 Revolver 1915-1951  United States

2nd model. First orders were rechambered from .44 special models to .455

Rifles

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Ross Mk.III Bolt Action 1913-1916  Canada Withdrawn from service following poor performance in battlefield conditions. Replaced by the Lee–Enfield Mk.III.
Lee–Enfield (SMLE) Mk.III Bolt Action 1916-1943  United Kingdom

Machine Guns

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
M1895 Colt–Browning machine gun Machine gun 1914-1916  United States
Vickers Machine Gun Medium machine gun 1914-1919  United Kingdom
Lewis Machine Gun Light machine gun 1916-1939  United States

Armoured Fighting Vehicles

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Armoured Autocar Armoured Car 1914-1918  United States/ Canada Commercial Autocar trucks covered with armour plate and armed with several machine guns.
Mk.V tank Tank 1918  United Kingdom Used by the Canadian Tank Corps in 1918. Never used in combat.

Second World War to Cold War (1939 - 1946)

Infantry Weapons

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Smith & Wesson "Military & Police Victory model" Revolver 1939-1964  United States
Inglis Hi-Power Semi-automatic pistol 1944–Present  Canada License-made Canadian version of the Browning Hi-Power
Thompson M1928-M1A1 Submachine gun 1940-1945  United States
Sten MK.II Submachine gun 1942-1958  United Kingdom
Lee–Enfield SMLE Mk.III Service rifle 1916-1943  United Kingdom
Lee–Enfield No.4 Mk.I Service rifle 1943-1955  United Kingdom Still in use with the Canadian Rangers
Boys ATR Anti-tank rifle 1937-1943  United Kingdom
Bren LMG Light machine gun 1939-1955  United Kingdom
M1941 Johnson Machine Gun Light machine gun 1942-1944  United States 1st Special Service Force (Devil's Brigade) only
C5 GPMG General purpose machine gun 1939-1980s  United States M1919 Browning
M2 HMG Heavy machine gun 1940–Present  United States
Bangalore torpedo Obstacle Clearing Charge 1940–Present  United Kingdom
PIAT Anti-tank weapon 1943-1950s  United Kingdom
Bazooka Rocket launcher 1942-1977  United States In Reserve Force inventory as late as 1977
Flamethrower, Portable, No 2 "Ack-Pack" Flamethrower 1943-1945  United Kingdom

Utility Vehicles

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Willys Jeep Light Utility Vehicle 1941-1970s  United States
Morris C8 Artillery tractor 1940-1945  United Kingdom
AEC Matador Artillery tractor 1940-1945  United Kingdom
Diamond T 4-Ton lorry 4 ton truck WWII  United States
Ford F-8 1/2 ton truck WWII  Canada Built by Ford Motor Company of Canada. Canadian Military Pattern truck
Ford F-15 3/4 ton truck WWII  Canada Built by Ford Motor Company of Canada.
Ford F-30 1.5 ton truck WWII  Canada Built by Ford Motor Company of Canada.
Ford F-60S, F-60L, F-60H, F-60T 3 ton truck WWII  Canada Built by Ford Motor Company of Canada.
Ford FGT Artillery tractor WWII  Canada Built by Ford Motor Company of Canada.
Chevrolet C-8, C-8A 1/2 ton truck WWII  Canada Built by General Motors Canada
Chevrolet C-15, C-15A 3/4 ton truck WWII  Canada Built by General Motors Canada
Chevrolet C15TA Armoured Truck Armoured truck WWII  Canada Built by General Motors Canada
Chevrolet C-30, C-60S, C-60L, C-60X 1.5/3 ton truck WWII  Canada Built byGeneral Motors Canada
CMP FAT Artillery tractor 1940-????  Canada Built by General Motors Canada

Scout Vehicles

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Daimler Dingo Armoured Car 1940-1945  United Kingdom
Daimler Mk. I Armoured Car Armoured Car 1941-1945  United Kingdom
Humber Mk. I Scout Car Armoured Car 1942-1945  United Kingdom
Humber Mk. IV Armoured Car Armoured Car 1941-1945  United Kingdom
Fox Armoured Car Armoured Car 1939-1945  Canada
M3 Scout Car Armoured Car 1942-1945  United States
Otter Light Reconnaissance Car Armoured Car 1942-1945  Canada Built by General Motors of Canada. Based on the C15
Staghound Armoured Car Armoured Car 1942-1962  United States
Lynx Scout Car Armoured Car 1940-1968  United Kingdom/ Canada
M5 Reconnaissance Vehicle Reconnaissance Vehicle 1942-1945  United States A turretless variant of the M5 light tank
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Armoured Carriers and Armoured Tractors

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Kangaroo 1943-1945  Canada Converted Ram, Priest, and Sherman AFVs (See respective entries)
Loyd Carrier WWII  United Kingdom
Universal Carrier 1940-?  United Kingdom
Wasp WWII-?  United Kingdom Universal Carrier with flame-thrower equipment
T-16 Carrier WWII-?  United States Universal carrier produced under license and modified in the United States.
Windsor Carrier 1944-1945  Canada Canadian-built universal carrier with a lengthened body
M3A1 Half-track WWII  United States
M5 Half-track  United States
M9 Half-track  United States

Tanks

Combat Tanks

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Stuart tank Light tank 1941-1945  United Kingdom
Churchill MkI-IV Infantry tank 1941-1945  United Kingdom
Sherman I, III, V Medium tank 1941-1970  United States Sherman I (M4), III (M4A2 w/75 mm gun) and V (M4A4 w/75 mm gun) used.
Sherman IC (Firefly) Medium Tank 1941-1945  United States/ United Kingdom M4 with a 17 pounder gun
Sherman VC (Firefly) Medium tank 1944-1945  United States/ United Kingdom M4A4 with a 17 pounder gun
Grizzly Medium tank 1941-1945  Canada Canadian built and modified M4A1
Sherman V DD Medium Tank 1944-1945  United States M4A4 {75 mm} with Duplex Drive system and flotation screen for amphibious landings
Sherman Ib Close Support Tank  United States M4 with a 105 mm howitzer
Centaur IV Close Support Tank 1944-1944  United Kingdom In service for less than a month with the 1st Canadian Centaur Battery (formed Aug 6, 1944 - disbanded Aug 29, 1944), RCA, after landing in Normandy. Tanks returned to the Royal Marines.
Ram Badger Flame tank 1941-1944  Canada
Churchill Oke Flame tank  United Kingdom
Sherman Badger Flame tank  United States

Training Tanks

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Carden Loyd Mk IV tankette Tankette 1930-????  United Kingdom Used for training
Light Tank Mk VIA Light tank  United Kingdom
Six Ton Tank Model 1917 Light tank  France
Ram tank I and II Cruiser tank  Canada Never saw combat. Training only
Vickers Valentine Mark VI Infantry tank  Canada Canadian built version of the British Valentine IV. 30 used for training.
Matilda II Infantry tank  United Kingdom
Lee/Grant Medium tank  United States

Self-Propelled Artillery and Anti-Aircraft

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
M3 75mm Gun Motor Carriage Self-propelled artillery  United States M3 Half-track equipped with the M1A1 75 mm gun
Sexton Self-propelled artillery 1943-1956  Canada Open box superstructure on a Ram tank hull. Armed with a 25pdr gun
M7 Priest Self-propelled artillery 1944-????  United States/ Canada Open box superstructure on a Sherman tank hull. Armed with a 105mm howitzer.
M14 SPAA Self-propelled anti-aircraft  United States Twin .50 mount on an M3 half-track
M10 "Wolverine" Tank destroyer WW2  United States Modified Sherman hull with an open turret and 3in. gun
M10 17pdr Tank destroyer WW2  United States/ United Kingdom M10 equipped with a 17pdr gun
17pdr SP Archer Tank destroyer 1944-Suez Crisis  United Kingdom Built on a Valentine tank hull
Crusader AA Mk.I and Mk.III Self-propelled anti-aircraft 1944-????  United Kingdom Mk.I armed with a Bofors 40mm anti-aircraft gun, Mk.III armed with twin Oerlikon 20mm guns
Skink anti-aircraft tank Self-propelled anti-aircraft 1944  Canada Enclosed turret on a Grizzly tank hull. Armed with 4 Polsten guns. Introduced late in the war and only saw use as an anti-infantry weapon.
CMP bofors self-propelled anti-aircraft Self-propelled anti-aircraft 1944-1945  United States Armed with a Bofors 40 mm

Engineering Vehicles

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Ram ARV Armoured Recovery Vehicle  Canada
M4A4 Sherman V ARV Armoured Recovery Vehicle  United States
Valentine Bridgelayer AVLB  United Kingdom
M416 trailers 1940s-1990s  United States
M101 trailers 1992-?  United States

Artillery

Field artillery

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
QF 25 pounder howitzer/field gun  United Kingdom
BL 4.5 inch Medium Field Gun field gun WWII  United Kingdom
BL 5.5 inch Medium Gun medium field gun WWII  United Kingdom
Land Mattress multiple rocket launcher WWII  United Kingdom

Anti-tank guns

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Ordnance QF 6 pounder  United Kingdom
Ordnance QF 17 pounder  United Kingdom

Anti-aircraft guns

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Bofors 40 mm gun  Sweden
QF 3.75 inch AA  United Kingdom
Polsten-Oerlikon gun  Poland

Cold War to Modern (1946 - Present)

This section is about equipment introduced after 1946 but which has since been retired. For in-service equipment, see List of modern Canadian Army equipment.

Infantry Weapons

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
C1 SMG Submachine gun 1958-1988  United Kingdom/ Canada License produced Sterling SMG
FN C1 and FN C1A1 Battle rifle 1955-1987  Belgium/ Canada License produced by Canadian Arsenals Limited
FN C2 and C2A1 SAW Squad Automatic Weapon 1955-1987  Belgium/ Canada C1 modified for SAW role
Javelin surface-to-air missile MANPADS 1980s-1990s  United Kingdom No longer in service
106mm recoilless rifle Recoilless rifle 1950s-1988  United States Retired from the Regular Force in 1976
C7/C7A2 Assault rifle 1988–Present  Canada Replaced the FNC1A1's
McMillan TAC-50 Sniper rifle 2000–Present  United States

Utility Vehicles

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
M151A2 Jeep Light utility vehicle 1974-1984  United States 935 purchased and retired in the 1980s[1]
M37 3/4 ton cargo truck 1951-1976  United States/ Canada 4500 built by Chrysler/Dodge in Windsor 1951-1955[2]
M38/M38A1 Jeep Light utility vehicle 1950-1980s  United States/ Canada Built 1950-1952 and replaced by M151[3] for regular forces by 1974 and retired in the Reserves in 1980s
M135 GMC Deuce and a Half 2 1⁄2-ton 6x6 truck 1950-1980s  United States/ Canada Cargo truck and numerous variants replaced by MLVW
M54 (truck) 5 ton heavy truck 1950-1980s  United States/ Canada Cargo truck and numerous variants replaced by HLVW
M43 Ambulance utility vehicle 1950s-?  United States/ Canada Variant of M37 built by Chrysler/Dodge in Windsor 1951-1955[4]
M152 utility truck 1964-?  United States/ Canada Radio Command unit - 1038 produced by Chrysler in Windsor[5]
M38A1CDN Jeep Light utility vehicle 1952-1984  United States/ Canada Built by Ford of Canada
M38A1CDN2 Jeep Light utility vehicle 1967-1984  United States/ Canada Built by Ford of Canada
M38A1CDN3 Jeep Light utility vehicle 1970-1984  United States/ Canada Built by Ford of Canada
GM of Canada CUCV Commercial utility Cargo vehicle 1976-2004  United States/ Canada 2,848 1-1/4 ton replaced the M37 in 1976. More CUCV's were later ordered in the 1980s from GM Defense. Replaced by LSVW in regular army units then they were mostly used by the Army Reserve until replaced by the Milverado in 2004.
Jeep CJ Light utility vehicle 1980's  United States/ Canada 195 military CJ-7 versions put into service between the retirement of the M38A1 and the introduction of the Iltis
Iltis Light utility vehicle 1984-2003  Germany/ Canada Licensed produced version of the Volkswagen Iltis
G Wagon LUV(W) Light utility vehicle 1996–present  Germany for more details see List of modern Canadian Army equipment
LSVW Light Support Vehicle Wheeled 1993–present  Canada for more details see List of modern Canadian Army equipment
Medium Logistic Vehicle Wheeled (MLVW) Medium utility vehicle 1982–present  Canada for more details see List of modern Canadian Army equipment
Heavy Logistic Vehicle Wheeled (HLVW) Heavy utility vehicle 1992–present  Canada Licensed version of Steyr 1491 Percheron by Bombardier -for more details see List of modern Canadian Army equipment
BV 206 All terrain utility vehicle 1983–present  Sweden for more details see List of modern Canadian Army equipment
Humvee M1113 and M1117 Light Utility Vehicle ~ 2010  United States used by Canadian Special Operations Regiment and Joint Task Force 2 and since replaced by Jackal MWMIK
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Armoured Fighting Vehicles

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Sherman M4A2 (76)W HVSS Medium tank 1946-1970  United States Kept in the reserves until 1970.
Sherman M4A3 (76)W HVSS Medium tank 1950-1953?  United States Acquired from US stocks for use during the Korean War.
Centurion Mk.3 Main Battle Tank 1952-1979  United Kingdom Acquired to replace the Shermans with 84mm main gun.
Centurion Mk.5 Main Battle Tank with 105mm gun 1952-1979  United Kingdom Canada Initially ordered 274 Mk 3 Tanks, plus 9 Armoured Recovery Vehicles and 4 Bridge-layers and additional orders followed. The Mk 5 (upgunned to 105 mm) were used later. From 1969 to 1970 the Canadian Army lists 77 tanks based in Germany (mostly Mk 5 and Mk 11's) and the remainder in Canada (60 at CFB Wainwright AB, 59 at CFSD Longpointe PQ, 46 at CFB Gagetown NB, 30 at CFB Borden, 29 at CFB Meaford ON, 27 at CFB Calgary AB, 12 at CFB Petawawa ON, 6 at RCEME School Kingston ON and 1 at the LETE Test Establishment Orleans, CFB Ottawa ON) for a total of 347 Tanks (including 120 Mk 5's, 3 Mk 5 Recovery tanks and some Mk 11's with IR and ranging guns fitted). Replaced by Leopard C1. Many of the tanks were sold to Israel which converted them to diesel. Some are still in use as variants.
Centurion Mk.11 Main Battle Tank 1952-1979  United Kingdom with 105mm, IR and ranging gun
Leopard C1 Main Battle Tank 1978-2000  Germany 127 Acquired to replace the Centurions. 114 of these 'Canadianized' Leopard 1A3 were used in active service.
Leopard C2 Main Battle Tank 2000–present  Germany Leopard C1 upgraded and refitted with Leopard 1A5 turret. 66 remain active.
Leopard 2A6M CAN Main Battle Tank 2007–Present  Germany 20 leopard 2s were loaned from Germany. Then Canada acquired 80 tanks from the Netherlands.
Lynx C&R Command and Reconnaissance Vehicle 1968-1993  United States
M109A4+ Self-propelled artillery 1964-2005  United States Replaced with towed M777 guns in 2007.
AVGP Cougar Wheeled light armoured vehicle 1976–present  Canada 6x6 vehicle based on the MOWAG Piranha with a Scorpion tank turret.
AVGP Grizzly Wheeled Armoured personnel carrier 1976–present  Canada 6x6 vehicle based on the MOWAG Piranha with a Cadillac-Gage 1 metre turret, designed to carry a section of infantry.
AVGP Husky Wheeled Armoured recovery vehicle 1976–present  Canada 6x6 vehicle based on the MOWAG Piranha.
Ferret Scout Car Wheeled reconnaissance vehicle 1954-1981  United Kingdom
Mamba Wheeled Armoured personnel carrier ???? - 2012[6]  South Africa APC retired by 2012
M113 Tracked Armoured personnel carrier mid 1960s - present  United States Current in service variants: M113A3 Personnel carrier with Remote Weapon System (RWS), M113A3 Personnel carrier with One Metre Turret, M113A3 Mobile Repair Team, M577A3 Command Post, MTVL Basic Personnel Carrier / Light Re-supply, MTVC Heavy Re-supply, MTVE Engineer Vehicle, MTVF Fitter (Repair) Vehicle, MTVR Recovery Vehicle
Lynx Tracked reconnaissance vehicle 1968 - 1993  United States
Coyote Wheeled reconnaissance vehicle 1996–present  Canada
Bison Wheeled Armoured personnel carrier 1990–present  Canada Converted to supporting variants.
LAV III Wheeled Infantry Fighting Vehicle 1999–present  Canada can also be used as a Armoured personnel carrier
RG-31 Nyala Infantry mobility vehicle 2006–present  Canada 111 units delivered for use in Afghanistan[7]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Unsorted

Approved private purchase and secondary side-arms

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Webley Mark VI Revolver  United Kingdom
Enfield No. 2 MkI Revolver  United Kingdom
Colt Police Positive - 1941–present  United States
Colt Model 1911A1 - 1942-1945  United States

Grenades, mines and other explosives

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Mills bomb  United Kingdom
No 68 AT Grenade  United Kingdom
No 69 Bakelite Percussion Grenade  United Kingdom
No 73 Grenade  United Kingdom
No. 74 Sticky bomb  United Kingdom
No. 75 AT Hawkins Mine  United Kingdom
No. 82 Gammon  United Kingdom
Clam Magnetic Mine  United Kingdom
GS.MV Anti-tank Mine
GS.MkII Anti-tank Mine
M61 grenade  United States
M67 grenade  United States
V40 Mini-Grenade  Netherlands

Infantry Mortars

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
2 inch Mortar WWII  United Kingdom
3 inch Mortar WWII  United Kingdom
4.2 inch Mortar WWII
60 mm M19 CAN Light Mortar WWII-present  United States
81 mm C3 Medium Mortar 1967–present  United Kingdom

Bayonets and Knives

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Pattern 1888 Bayonet Bayonet
Pattern 1907 Bayonet Bayonet
Pattern 1913 Bayonet Bayonet
Ross Bayonet Bayonet  Canada
No. 4 Rifle Bayonets Bayonet
Mk I Spike Bayonet Bayonet
Mk II Spike Bayone Bayonet
Mk III Spike Bayonet Bayonet
No. 5 Mk II Knife Bayonet Bayonet
No. 7 Knife Bayonet Bayonet
No. 9 Socket Knife Bayonet Bayonet
C1 Bayonet Bayonet  Canada
Nella C7 Bayonet Bayonet
Bayonet 2000 Bayonet
Fairbairn-Sykes fighting knife Combat knife  United Kingdom
Grohmann #3 CAF Knife Combat knife 1967–present  Canada
C-5 pocket knife/ utility knife Utility knife 1973-2004
Gerber multi-tool knife Utility knife 2001–present  United States
V-42 Stiletto Combat knife 1942-1944  United States Used by the 1st Special Service Force

Ammunition

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
.303 British  United Kingdom only in service with Canadian Rangers
.455 Webley  United Kingdom no longer in service
7.62 × 51 mm NATO  United States/ Canada
5.56×45mm NATO 1984–present  United States/ Canada
9×19mm Parabellum 1944–present  German Empire
.50 BMG  United States Used by Canadian snipers to set the previous longest distance kill record
12 Gauge  United States
5.7×28 mm  Belgium only in use by Canadian Special Forces
.338 Lapua Magnum 2005–present  Finland

.303 Ross

Swords

Uniforms, Load Bearing and Protective Equipment

Uniforms

See also: Battledress, Uniforms of the Canadian Forces

Load bearing equipment

Head dress

Protective equipment

References

  1. ↑ http://militarytrucks.ca/m151.htm
  2. ↑ http://militarytrucks.ca/m37.htm
  3. ↑ http://militarytrucks.ca/m38.htm
  4. ↑ http://militarytrucks.ca/m43.htm
  5. ↑ http://militarytrucks.ca/m152.htm
  6. ↑ http://www.deagel.com/Tactical-Vehicles/Mamba_a000674001.aspx
  7. ↑ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2008/06/mil-080612-general-dynamics01.htm#

External links

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