List of emoticons
A simple smiley
This is a list of notable and commonly used emoticons or textual portrayals of a writer's moods or facial expressions in the form of icons. The Western use of emoticons is quite different from Eastern usage, and Internet forums, such as 2channel, typically show expressions in their own ways. In recent times, graphic representations, both static and animated, have taken the place of traditional emoticons in the form of icons. These are commonly known as emoji although the term kaomoji is more correct.[1][2]
Emoticons can generally be divided into three groups: Western or horizontal (mainly from America and Europe), Eastern or vertical (mainly from east Asia), and 2channel style (originally used on 2channel and other Japanese message boards). The most common explanation for these differences is how the different cultures use different parts of the face to express emotions, i.e. eyes often play a bigger role in the East while the whole face is used more in the West.[3]
Western
See also: Emoticon § Western style
Western style emoticons are mostly written from left to right as though the head is rotated counter-clockwise 90 degrees. One will most commonly see the eyes on the left, followed by the nose (often not included) and then the mouth. Typically, a colon is used for the eyes of a face, unless winking, which uses a semicolon. However, an equal sign, a number 8, and a capital letter B are also used interchangeably to refer to normal eyes, widened eyes, or those with glasses. One can also add a "}" after the mouth symbol – "(", ")" etc. – to indicate a beard.
| Icon | Emoji | Meaning | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| :‑) :) | :-] :] | :-3 :3 | :-> :> | 8-) 8) | :-} :} | :o) | :c) | :^) | =] | =) |
☺️🙂😊😀😁 | Smiley or happy face.[4][5][6] |
| :‑D :D | 8‑D 8D | x‑D xD | X‑D XD | =D | =3 | B^D | 😃😄😆😍 | Laughing,[4] big grin,[5][6] laugh with glasses[7] | ||||
| :-)) | Very happy or double chin[7] | |||||||||||
| :‑( :( | :‑c :c | :‑< :< | :‑[ :[ | :-|| | >:[ | :{ | :@ | >:( | ☹️🙁😠😡😞😟😣😖 | Frown,[4][5][6] sad,[8] angry,[7] pouting | ||
| :'‑( :'( |
😢😭 | Crying[8] | ||||||||||
| :'‑) :') |
😂 | Tears of happiness[8] | ||||||||||
| D‑': | D:< | D: | D8 | D; | D= | DX | 😨😧😦😱😫😩 | Horror, disgust, sadness, great dismay[5][6] (right to left) | ||||
| :‑O :O | :‑o :o | :-0 | 8‑0 | >:O | 😮😯😲 | Surprise,[3] shock,[4][9] yawn[10] | ||||||
| :-* :* | :× | 😗😙😚😘😍 | Kiss | |||||||||
| ;‑) ;) | *-) *) | ;‑] ;] | ;^) | :‑, | ;D | 😉😜😘 | Wink,[4][5][6] smirk[9][10] | |||||
| :‑P :P | X‑P XP | x‑p xp | :‑p :p | :‑Þ :Þ | :‑þ :þ | :‑b :b | d: | =p | >:P | 😛😝😜🤑 | Tongue sticking out, cheeky/playful,[4] blowing a raspberry | |
| :‑/ :/ | :‑. | >:\ | >:/ | :\ | =/ | =\ | :L | =L | :S | 🤔😕😟 | Skeptical, annoyed, undecided, uneasy, hesitant[4] | |
| :‑| :| | 😐😑 | Straight face[5] no expression, indecision[8] | ||||||||||
| :$ | 😳😞😖 | Embarrassed,[6] blushing[7] | ||||||||||
| :‑X :X | :‑# :# | :‑& :& | 🤐😶 | Sealed lips or wearing braces,[4] tongue-tied[8] | ||||||||
| O:‑) O:) | 0:‑3 0:3 | 0:‑) 0:) | 0;^) | 😇👼 | Angel,[4][5][9] saint,[8] innocent | |||||||
| >:‑) >:) | }:‑) }:) | 3:‑) 3:) | >;) | 😈 | Evil,[5] devilish[8] | |||||||
| |;‑) | |‑O | 😎😪 | Cool,[8] bored/yawning[9] | |||||||||
| :‑J | 😏😒 | Tongue-in-cheek[11] | ||||||||||
| #‑) | — | Partied all night[8] | ||||||||||
| %‑) %) |
😵😕🤕 | Drunk,[8] confused | ||||||||||
| :‑###.. :###.. |
🤒😷🤢 | Being sick[8] | ||||||||||
| <:‑| | — | Dumb, dunce-like[9] | ||||||||||
| Icon | Meaning | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ~(_8^(I) | Homer Simpson[9] | |||
| 5:‑) | ~:‑\ | Elvis Presley[9][10] | ||
| *<|:‑) | Santa Claus[12] | |||
| =:o] | Bill Clinton[12] | |||
| 7:^] | ,:‑) | Ronald Reagan[12] | ||
| </3 | <\3 | Broken-heart[13] | ||
| <3 | Heart[13] | |||
| @};- | @}->-- | @}‑;‑'‑‑‑ | @>‑‑>‑‑ | Rose[4][9] |
| Icon | Meaning | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ><> | <*)))‑{ | ><(((*> | Fish, something's fishy,[9] Christian fish[7] | |||
| \o/ | Cheer "Yay, yay."[7] | |||||
| *\0/* | Cheerleader[7] | |||||
| //0‑0\\ | John Lennon[9] | |||||
| v.v | Horror, disgust, sadness, great dismay[5][6] | |||||
| O_O | o‑o | O_o | o_O | o_o | O-O | Surprise,[3] shock,[4][9] yawn[10] |
| >.< | Skeptical, annoyed, undecided, uneasy, hesitant[4] | |||||
| ^5 | o/\o | >_>^ ^<_< | High five[10] | |||
Eastern
Eastern emoticons generally are not rotated, and may include non-Latin characters to allow for additional complexity.
| Icon | Emoji | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| (>_<)(>_<)> | 😣😖 | Troubled[14][15] |
| (';') | 👶 | Baby[14] |
| (^^ゞ(^_^;)(-_-;)(~_~;)(・。・;)(・_・;)(・・;)^^;^_^;(#^.^#)(^^;) | 😅😳😓😥 | Nervous, embarrassed,[14] troubled, shy,[15] sweat drop[7] |
| (^。^)y-.。o○(-。-)y-゜゜゜ | 🚬 | Smoking[14] |
| (-_-)zzz | 😴💤 | Sleeping[14] |
| (^_-)(^_-)-☆ | 😉😜 | Wink[14] |
| ((+_+))(+o+)(゜゜)(゜-゜)(゜.゜)(゜_゜)(゜_゜>)(゜レ゜) | 😕😶😵🙄 | Confused[14] |
| (o|o) | Ultraman [14] | |
| <(｀^´)> | N/A[14] | |
| ^_^(゜o゜)(^_^)/(^O^)／(^o^)／(^^)/(≧∇≦)/(/◕ヮ◕)/(^o^)丿∩(・ω・)∩(・ω・)^ω^ | 😀😅😆😃😄🙌 | Joyful[14][15][16] |
| (__)_(._.)__(_^_)_<(_ _)><m(__)m>m(__)mm(_ _)m | 🙇 | Kowtow as a sign of respect, or dogeza for apology[14][15] |
| ＼(゜ロ＼)ココハドコ?(／ロ゜)／アタシハダアレ? | "Where am I?", "Who am I?"[14] | |
| ('_')(/_;)(T_T)(;_;)(;_;(;_:)(;O;)(:_;)(ToT)(Ｔ▽Ｔ);_;;-;;n;;;Q.QT.TQQQ_Q | 😭😢 | Sad, crying[9][14][15] |
| (ー_ー)!!(-.-)(-_-)(一一)(；一_一) | 😒😩😑😞😔 | Shame[14] |
| (=_=) | 😫😩😪 | Tired[14] |
| (=^・^=)(=^・・^=)=_^= | 😺😸😹😻😼😽🙀😿😾🐱 | Cat[14][16] |
| (..)(._.) | 🙍😔 | Looking down[14] |
| ^m^ | N/A[14] | |
| (・・?(?_?) | 😕😵 | Confusion[14] |
| (－‸ლ) | 🤦 | Facepalm [17] |
| >^_^<<^!^>^/^（*^_^*）§^。^§(^<^)(^.^)(^ム^)(^・^)(^。^)(^_^.)(^_^)(^^)(^J^)(*^。^*)^_^(#^.^#)（＾－＾） | 😃😄☺️😁😀😍 | Normal laugh[14] |
| (^^)/~~~(^_^)/~(;_;)/~~~(^.^)/~~~($・・)/~~~(@^^)/~~~(T_T)/~~~(ToT)/~~~ | 👋 | Waving[14] |
| (V)o￥o(V) | 👽👾 | Alien Baltan[14] |
| ＼(~o~)／＼(^o^)／＼(-o-)／ヽ(^。^)ノヽ(^o^)丿(*^0^*) | 😍😀🙌💃 | Excited[14] |
| (*_*)(*_*;(+_+)(@_@)(@_@。(＠_＠;)＼(◎o◎)／！ | 😍 | Amazed[14] |
| (-_-)/~~~ピシー!ピシー! | N/A[14] | |
| !(^^)! | N/A[14] | |
| (*^^)v(^^)v(^_^)v(＾▽＾)（・∀・）（´∀｀）（⌒▽⌒）（＾ｖ＾）（’-’*) | 😂✌️ | Laughing, cheerful[14][15] |
| (~o~)(~_~) | 😔😒😏 | N/A [14] |
| (^^ゞ | 😙😚 | N/A [14] |
| (p_-) | N/A [14] | |
| ((d[-_-]b)) | 🎧 | Headphones/listening to drum and bass music.[14] |
| (-"-)(ーー゛)(^_^メ)(-_-メ)(｀´）(~_~メ)(－－〆)(・へ・)<`～´><`ヘ´>(ーー;) | 😟😓😬 | Worried[14][15] |
| (^0_0^) | 😎🤓 | Eyeglasses[14] |
| ( ..)φメモメモφ(..)メモメモ | Note[14] | |
| （●＾o＾●）（＾ｖ＾）（＾ｕ＾）（＾◇＾）( ^)o(^ )(^O^)(^o^)(^○^))^o^((*^▽^*)(✿◠‿◠) | 😀😁😆😅😃😄 | Happy[14][15] |
| （￣ー￣） | 😁 | Grinning[15] |
| （￣□￣；）°o°°O°:Oo_Oo_0o.O(o.o) | 😲😮😯 | Surprised[3][15] |
| （*´▽｀*）(*°∀°)=3 | Infatuation[15] | |
| （ ﾟ Дﾟ）（゜◇゜） | 😨😱😮😲 | Shocked, surprised[15] |
| (*￣m￣) | 😬😠😡 | Dissatisfied[15] |
| ヽ（´ー｀）┌¯\_(ツ)_/¯ | Mellow, shrug[15] | |
| (´･ω･`)(‘A`) | Snubbed or deflated[15] | |
| (*^3^)/~☆ | 😘😚😙😗 | Blowing a kiss[18] |
| .....φ(・∀・＊) | Studying is good[18] | |
| キタ━━━(゜∀゜)━━━!!!!! | "It's here", Kitaa!, excitement that something has appeared or happened.[15] |
| Icon | Emoji | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| .。o○○o。. | Bubbles[14] | |
| ( ^^)_U~~( ^^)_旦~~ | 🍵☕️ | Cup of tea[14] |
| ☆彡☆ミ | ☄️🌟 | Shooting star[14] |
| >゜)))彡(Q))><ヨヨ(゜))<<>゜))))彡<゜)))彡>゜))彡<+))><<<*))>=< | 🐠🐟🐡🦈🐬🐳🐋 | Fish[14] |
| <コ:彡 Ｃ:。ミ | 🐙 | Octopus, squid[14] |
| ~>゜)～～～ | 🐍 | Snake[14] |
| ～゜・_・゜～ | 🦇 | Bat[14] |
| (゜゜)～ | Tadpole[14] | |
| ●～* | 💣 | Bomb[14] |
| ＿|￣|○STOOTZOTLorz | Despair. The "O"s represent head on the ground, "T" or "r" forms the torso, and "S" or "z" the legs.[15] | |
| (╯°□°）╯︵ ┻━┻┬──┬ ¯\_(ツ)┻━┻︵ヽ(`Д´)ﾉ︵ ┻━┻┬─┬ノ( º _ ºノ)(ノಠ益ಠ)ノ彡┻━┻ | Table flip[19] | |
| :-P:-O|:3ミ:->8-<:-):-<:(:-(:):|:-| | N/A[14] |
2channel emoticons
Main article: Emoticon § 2channel style
The Japanese language is usually encoded using double-byte character codes, which can be reproduced as ASCII art.
| Icon | Meaning |
|---|---|
| m9(^Д^) | Jeering laughter |
| m(_ _)m | Kowtow as a sign of respect, or dogeza for apology[15] |
| (´･ω･`) | Snubbed or deflated[15] |
| <`∀´> or <丶｀∀´> | Stereotypical Korean character (Nidā)[20] |
| ［ (★) ］ <丶´Д｀> | Stereotypical North Korean character (Kigā)[21] |
| ∧＿∧ （ ；´Д｀） | Stereotypical Japanese character (Monā)[21] |
| ∧∧ ／ 中＼ （ ｀ハ´） | Stereotypical Chinese character (Sinā)[21] |
| ∧∧ ／ 台＼ （ ＾∀＾） | Stereotypical Taiwanese character (Wanā)[21] |
| ∧∧ ／ 越 ＼ （ ・∀・ ） | Stereotypical Vietnamese character (Venā)[21] |
| γ~三ヽ (三彡０ﾐ) （ ´∀｀） | Stereotypical Indian Character (Monastē)[21] |
| |￣￣| ＿☆☆☆＿ （ ´_⊃｀） | Stereotypical American character (Samū)[21] |
| ┏━┓ ━━━━━━ ﾐΘc_Θ-ﾐ | Stereotypical Jewish character (Yudā)[21] |
| ＿＿ │〓.│ ━━━━━ ﾐ ´_＞｀） | Stereotypical English character (Jakū)[21] |
| ____ （〓__＞ ξ ・_>・） | Stereotypical French character (Torirī)[21] |
| _、,_ ﾐ _⊃） | Stereotypical German character (Gerumandamu)[21] |
| ≡≡彡 彡 ´_)｀ ） | Stereotypical Austrian character (Osutō)[21] |
| ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ﾐ;;;,,,,,,,ﾐ （ ｀_っ´） | Stereotypical Russian character (Rosukī)[21] |
| _γ⌒ヽ_ lXXXXXXXXl （ ´ｍ｀） | Stereotypical Mexican character (Amīgo)[21] |
| _ <(o0o)> (>ミ - ミ )> | Stereotypical Persian character (jujø)[21] |
| (`･ω･´) | Feel perky[20] |
| ＿|￣|○ | Given up[20] |
| (｀-´)> | Salute[20] |
| (´；ω；`) | Terribly sad[20] |
| ヽ(´ー｀)ﾉ | Peace of mind[20] |
| ヽ(`Д´)ﾉ | Be irritable[20] |
| (＃ﾟДﾟ) | Angry[20] |
| （ ´Д｀） | Yelling, or panting[20] |
| （ ﾟДﾟ） | Surprised, or loudmouthed[20] |
| ┐('～`；)┌ | Don't know the answer[20] |
| （´∀｀） | Carefree[20] |
| （ ´_ゝ`） | Indifferent[20] |
| Σ(゜д゜;) | Shocked[20] |
| ( ﾟヮﾟ) | Happy, upbeat[20] |
| キタ━━━(゜∀゜)━━━!!!!! | "It's here", Kitaa!, excitement that something has appeared or happened or "I came".[15] |
| ｷﾀﾜァ*･゜ﾟ･*:.｡..｡.:*･゜(n‘∀‘)ηﾟ･*:.｡. .｡.:*･゜ﾟ･* !!!!! | Girlish version of "It's here".[20] |
| ⊂二二二（ ＾ω＾）二⊃ | "Bu-n", being carefree and above, with arms stretched out while running/soaring.[20] |
| (*´Д`)ﾊｧﾊｧ | Erotic stirring, haa haa[20] |
| ( ´Д｀)ﾉ(´･ω･`) ﾅﾃﾞﾅﾃﾞ | Patting, nade nade[20] |
| (((( ；ﾟДﾟ))) | Spook[20] |
| Σ(ﾟДﾟ) | Huge surprise[20] |
| ( ´∀｀)σ)∀`) | Jog someone's cheek[20] |
| （・∀・ ）ヾ(- -；)コラコラ | Blaming "now now"[20] |
| ( ﾟдﾟ) | Amazed[20] |
| (´ー`)y-~~ | Smoking[20] |
| （ ^_^）o自自o（^_^ ） | Toast "Cheers"[20] |
| m9(・∀・) | Flash of intuition[20] |
| ヽ(´ー`)人(´∇｀)人(`Д´)ノ | Friendly[20] |
| ('A`) | Lonely[20] |
| （ ´,_ゝ`) | Depressed, unsatisfied (based on indifferent)[20] |
| （´-`）.｡oO( ... ) | Thinking[20] |
| (ﾟДﾟ;≡;ﾟДﾟ) | Impatience[20] |
| ( ´д)ﾋｿ(´Д｀)ﾋｿ(Д｀ ) | Whispers[20] |
| （･∀･)つ⑩ | Carrying money[20] |
| ⊂（ﾟДﾟ⊂⌒｀つ≡≡≡(´⌒;;;≡≡≡ | Sliding on belly, "whooaaa!!!"[20] |
| (ﾟдﾟ) | Unforeseen[20] |
| (ﾟ⊿ﾟ) | "I don't need it"[20] |
| щ(ﾟДﾟщ)(屮ﾟДﾟ)屮 | Come on[20] |
| （・∀・） | Mocking, "good"[20] |
| （・Ａ・） | "That's bad"[20] |
| (ﾟ∀ﾟ) | Discharged drug-in-brain, goofing around, "A-HYA!"[20] |
| （ つ Д ｀） | Sad[20] |
| エェェ(´д｀)ェェエ | Not convincing[20] |
| (￣ー￣) | Simper, Snorlax[20] |
| ( ﾟ∀ﾟ)ｱﾊﾊ八八ﾉヽﾉヽﾉヽﾉ ＼ / ＼/ ＼ | Evil laugh (literally ahahaHAHA...)[20] |
| [ﾟдﾟ] | Deflagged[20] |
| ♪┏(・o･)┛♪┗ ( ･o･) ┓♪┏ ( ) ┛♪┗ (･o･ ) ┓♪┏(･o･)┛♪ | Happy expressions, dancing to the music[20] |
| d(*⌒▽⌒*)b | Happy expression[20] |
| ＿|￣|○, STO or OTZ or OTL | Despair. The "O"s represent head on the ground, "T" or "r" forms the torso, and "S" or "z" the legs.[15] |
| (╬ ಠ益ಠ) | Extreme Distaste, meant to appear as an exaggerated grimace[20] |
| (≧ロ≦) | Shouting[20] |
| (ΘεΘ;) | Pretending not to notice, asleep because of boredom[20] |
| お(^o^)や(^O^)す(^｡^)みぃ(^-^)ﾉﾞ | Kana reading "O ya su mi" meaning "Good night" or "Night"[20] |
| (*ﾟﾉOﾟ)<ｵｵｵｵｫｫｫｫｫｫｫｰｰｰｰｰｲ! | Calling out, "Ooooi!"[20] |
| ＼| ￣ヘ￣|／＿＿＿＿＿＿＿θ☆( *o*)/ | Kick[20] |
| （‐＾▽＾‐）オーホッホ | Chuckle |
| ┌(；`～,)┐ | Discombobulated[20] |
| ε=ε=ε=┌(;*´Д`)ﾉ | Running[20] |
| ヽ(´▽`)/ | Happy[20] |
| ^ㅂ^ | Happy[20] |
| (l'o'l) | Shocked[20] |
| ヽ(ｏ`皿′ｏ)ﾉ | Really angry[20] |
| o/ o_ o/ o_ | "It's here" |
| (☞ﾟヮﾟ)☞ or ☜(ﾟヮﾟ☜) | "Do it"[20] |
| ☜(⌒▽⌒)☞ | Angel[20] |
Unicode characters
Some emoticons are included in the Unicode standard—three in the Miscellaneous Symbols block, and over sixty in the Emoticons block.
| Miscellaneous Symbols (partial)[1] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+263x | ☰ | ☱ | ☲ | ☳ | ☴ | ☵ | ☶ | ☷ | ☸ | ☹ | ☺ | ☻ | ☼ | ☽ | ☾ | ☿ |
Notes
| ||||||||||||||||
| Emoticons[1] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+1F60x | 😀 | 😁 | 😂 | 😃 | 😄 | 😅 | 😆 | 😇 | 😈 | 😉 | 😊 | 😋 | 😌 | 😍 | 😎 | 😏 |
| U+1F61x | 😐 | 😑 | 😒 | 😓 | 😔 | 😕 | 😖 | 😗 | 😘 | 😙 | 😚 | 😛 | 😜 | 😝 | 😞 | 😟 |
| U+1F62x | 😠 | 😡 | 😢 | 😣 | 😤 | 😥 | 😦 | 😧 | 😨 | 😩 | 😪 | 😫 | 😬 | 😭 | 😮 | 😯 |
| U+1F63x | 😰 | 😱 | 😲 | 😳 | 😴 | 😵 | 😶 | 😷 | 😸 | 😹 | 😺 | 😻 | 😼 | 😽 | 😾 | 😿 |
| U+1F64x | 🙀 | 🙁 | 🙂 | 🙃 | 🙄 | 🙅 | 🙆 | 🙇 | 🙈 | 🙉 | 🙊 | 🙋 | 🙌 | 🙍 | 🙎 | 🙏 |
Notes
| ||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs (partial)[1][2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+1F91x | 🤐 | 🤑 | 🤒 | 🤓 | 🤔 | 🤕 | 🤖 | 🤗 | 🤘 | 🤙 | 🤚 | 🤛 | 🤜 | 🤝 | 🤞 | |
| U+1F92x | 🤠 | 🤡 | 🤢 | 🤣 | 🤤 | 🤥 | 🤦 | 🤧 | ||||||||
| U+1F93x | 🤰 | 🤳 | 🤴 | 🤵 | 🤶 | 🤷 | 🤸 | 🤹 | 🤺 | 🤻 | 🤼 | 🤽 | 🤾 | |||
| Notes | ||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ "FAQ - Emoji & Dingbats". unicode.org.
- ↑ "Emoji and Dingbats". Unicode, Inc. 21 April 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 "Facial expressions show language barriers too". Science X network. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Paul H. Gil (June 2009). "Emoticons and Smileys 101". Retrieved 2 August 2009.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Yahoo messenger emoticons". Retrieved 2 August 2009.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "MSN messenger emoticons". Retrieved 2 August 2009.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "List of Text Emoticons". Retrieved 20 July 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Orlowski, Andrew (27 January 2006). "Cingular applies to patent smileys". The Register. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Net For Beginners". Retrieved 8 February 2011.
- ↑ "Tongue in Cheek". Retrieved 2014-10-06.
- 1 2 3 Kent, Peter (2001). The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Internet. Indianapolis, IN: Penguin Books. p. 112. ISBN 0-7897-2523-1. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
- 1 2 Doll, Jen (24 March 2011). "Oxford English Dictionary Now Includes Heart". Village Voice. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 "List of emoticons". Archived from the original on 5 September 2011. Retrieved 17 December 2011.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 "List of emoticons commonly used in e-mail". 21 June 2006. Retrieved 24 December 2011. or Y-N, Ken (14 August 2006). "Top thirty Japanese emoticons". WhatJapanThinks.com. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
- 1 2 Conroy, Jade (2 July 2012). "Emoticon Yourself". Huffington Post. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
- ↑ "Face Palm". Emojicons. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
- 1 2 Markman, Kris M.; Oshima, Sae (18 October 2007). Pragmatic Play? Some Possible Functions of English Emoticons and Japanese Kaomoji in Computer-Mediated Discourse (PDF). Association of Internet Researchers Annual Conference 8.0: Let's Play!. pp. 12, 13.
- ↑ Rawson, James (27 June 2012). "Clip joint: Table flips". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 2channel Board for Emoticons Archived 20 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Atwiki.jp (Non English) Archived 20 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
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