List of Ericaceae genera

Bell heather, Erica cinerea, is the type species of the family.

This is a list of genera in the plant family Ericaceae, which includes the heaths, heathers, epacrids, and blueberries. As currently circumscribed, the family contains about 4000 species into more than 120 genera classified into 9 subfamilies.[1]

Current understanding

The list shown here follows the phylogenetic classification of Kron et al. (2002),[2] with modifications as per Stevens et al. (2004),[3] Quinn et al. (2005),[4] Albrecht et al. (2010),[5] Gillespie & Kron (2010),[6] and Craven (2011).[7]

Nonetheless, much of the taxonomy within the Vaccinioideae is in flux. Multiple studies of the Gaultherieae have now shown Pernettya, Diplycosia (already including Pernettyopsis), and Tepuia to be nested within Gaultheria,[8][9] although publication formalizing the transfers are yet to be published. Similarly, most of Vaccinieae has not been investigated using molecular techniques, and many genera are likely paraphyletic or polyphyletic. Neotropical and Old World Vaccinioideae are particularly poorly known.[10] Within the Epacrideae preliminary evidence supports the lumping of Budawangia and Rupicola with Epacris,[2] but these genera still stand for the time being.

Relevant recent synonymy include Bruckenthalia with Erica,[11] Leiophyllum and Loiseleuria with Kalmia,[12] and Diplarche and Menziesia with Rhododendron.[7]

Genera

Genus
Authority
Year Classification Type species # of species Distribution
Enkianthus
Lour.[13]
1791 Enkianthoideae Enkianthus quinqueflorus
Lour.
16 Southeast Asia
Chimaphila
Pursh[14]
1813
("1814")
Pyroloideae Chimaphila maculata
(L.) Pursh
5 North and Central America, Eurasia
Moneses
Salisb. ex S.F.Gray[15]
1821 Pyroloideae Moneses grandiflora[N 1]
Salisb. ex S.F.Gray
1 Circumboreal
Orthilia
Raf.[16]
1840 Pyroloideae Orthilia parvifolia[N 1]
Raf.
1 Canada to Guatemala, Eurasia
Pyrola
L.[17]
1753 Pyroloideae Pyrola rotundifolia
L.
ca. 30 North and Central America, Eurasia
Allotropa
Torr. & A.Gray[18]
1858
("1857")
Allotropa virgata
Torr. & A.Gray
1 Pacific Northwest
Cheilotheca
Hook.f.[19]
1876
Cheilotheca khasiana
Hook.f.
3
Hemitomes
A.Gray[18]
1858
("1857")
Hemitomes congestum
A.Gray
1 West Coast
Monotropa
L.[17]
1753
Monotropa uniflora
L.
2 America, Europe, Asia
Monotropastrum
H.Andres[20]
1936
Monotropastrum macrocarpum
H.Andres
2 or 3 Himalaya to Sumatra and Japan
Monotropsis
Schwein.[21]
1817
Monotropsis odorata
Schwein.
1 Southeastern United States
Pityopus
Small[22]
1914
Pityopus oregonus[N 2]
Small
1 West Coast of the U.S.
Pleuricospora
A.Gray[23]
1868
Pleuricospora fimbriolata
A.Gray
1 California to British Columbia
Pterospora
Nutt.[24]
1919
Pterospora andromedea
Nutt.
1 United States and Mexico
Sarcodes
Torr.[25]
1851
Sarcodes sanguinea
Torr.
1 West Coast of United States and Mexico
Arbutus
L.[17]
1753 Arbutus unedo
L.
10 United States to Central America,
Mediterranean area
Arctostaphylos
Adans.[26]
1763 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
(L.) Spreng.
66 North and Central America, Eurasia
Comarostaphylis
Zucc.[27]
1837 Comarostaphylis arguta[N 3]
Zucc.
10 California to Central America
Ornithostaphylos
Small[22]
1914 Ornithostaphylos oppositifolia
(Parry) Small
1 California, Mexico
Xylococcus
Nutt.[28]
1842
("1843")
Xylococcus bicolor
Nutt.
1 California
Cassiope
D.Don[29]
1834
  • Cassiopeoideae
Cassiope tetragona
(L.) D.Don
18 Circumboreal
Bryanthus
J.G.Gmel.[30][N 4]
1769
Bryanthus gmelinii[N 5]
D.Don
Ledothamnus
Meisn.[31]
1863
Ledothamnus guyanensis
Meisn.
Ceratiola
Michx.[32]
1803
Ceratiola ericoides
Michx.
1 United States
Corema
D.Don[33]
1826
Corema album
(L.) D.Don ex Steud.
2 North America, Iberian Peninsula
Empetrum
L.[17]
1753
Empetrum nigrum
L.
3–18[N 6] Circumboreal and southern South America
Calluna
Salisb.[34]
1802
Calluna vulgaris
(L.) Hull
1 European
Daboecia
D.Don[29]
1834
Daboecia polifolia[N 7]
D.Don
2 Europe
Erica
L.[17]
1753
Erica cinerea
L.
850+ Afro-Eurasia
Bejaria[N 8]
Mutis[35]
1771
Bejaria aestuans
Mutis ex L.
15 South America to United States
Elliottia
Muhl. ex Elliott[21]
1817
Elliottia racemosa
Muhl. ex Elliott
4 North America, Japan
Epigaea
L.[17]
1753
Epigaea repens
L.
3 North America, Asia
Kalmia
L.[17]
1753
Kalmia latifolia
L.
10 Northern hemisphere
Kalmiopsis
Rehder[36]
1932
Kalmiopsis leachiana
(L.F.Hend.) Rehder
2 Oregon
Phyllodoce
Salisb.[37]
1806
Phyllodoce taxifolia[N 1]
(Pall.) Salisb.
8 North America, Eurasia
Rhodothamnus
Rchb.[38]
1827
Rhodothamnus chamaecistus
(L.) Rchb.
Rhododendron
L.[17]
1753
Rhododendron ferrugineum
L.
1000+ North America, Eurasia, Australia
Therorhodion[N 9]
(Maxim.) Small[39]
1914
Therorhodion camtschaticum
(Pall. Small)
3 Alaska, Northeast Asia
Harrimanella
Coville[40]
1901
  • Harrimanelloideae
Harrimanella stelleriana
(Pall.) Coville
2 Circumboreal
Archeria
Hook.f.[41]
1857
  • Styphelioideae
  • Archerieae
None designated 6 Tasmania, New Zealand
Andersonia
R.Br.[42]
1810
  • Styphelioideae
  • Cosmelieae
None designated ca. 50 Western Australia
Cosmelia
R.Br.[42]
1810
  • Styphelioideae
  • Cosmelieae
Cosmelia rubra
R.Br.
2 Western Australia
Sprengelia
Sm.[43]
1794
  • Styphelioideae
  • Cosmelieae
Sprengelia incarnata
4 Australia
Budawangia
Telford[44]
1992
  • Styphelioideae
  • Epacrideae
Budawangia gnidioides
(Summerh.) Telford
1 Australia
Epacris
Cav.[45]
1797
  • Styphelioideae
  • Epacrideae
Epacris longiflora
Cav.
30+ Oceania
Lysinema
R.Br.[42]
1810
  • Styphelioideae
  • Epacrideae
None designated 6 Australia
Rupicola
Maiden & Betche[46]
1899
("1898")
  • Styphelioideae
  • Epacrideae
Rupicola sprengelioides
Maiden & Betche
4 Australia
Woollsia
F.Muell.[47]
1873
  • Styphelioideae
  • Epacrideae
Woollsia pungens
(Cav.) F.Muell.
1 Australia
Dielsiodoxa
Albr.[5]
2010
  • Styphelioideae
  • Oligarrheneae
Dielsiodoxa tamariscina
(F.Muell.) Albr.
5 Australia
Needhamiella[N 10]
L.Watson[48]
1965
  • Styphelioideae
  • Oligarrheneae
Needhamiella pumilio
(R.Br.) L.Watson
1 Western Australia
Oligarrhena
R.Br.[42]
1810
  • Styphelioideae
  • Oligarrheneae
Oligarrhena micrantha
R.Br.
1 Australia
Lebetanthus[N 11]
Endl.[49]
1841
  • Styphelioideae
  • Prionoteae
Lebetanthus americana[N 12]
(Hook.f.) Hook.f.
1 South America
Prionotes
R.Br.[42]
1810
  • Styphelioideae
  • Prionoteae
Prionotes cerinthoides
(Labill. R.Br.)
1 Tasmania
Dracophyllum
Labill.[50]
1800
  • Styphelioideae
  • Richeeae
Dracophyllum verticillatum
Labill.
ca. 100 Oceania
Richea[N 13]
R.Br.[42]
1810
  • Styphelioideae
  • Richeeae
Richea dracophylla
R.Br.
11 Australia, Tasmania
Sphenotoma
(R.Br.) Sweet[N 14][51]
1828
  • Styphelioideae
  • Richeeae
Sphenotoma gracilis
(R.Br.) Sweet
6
Acrothamnus
Quinn[4]
2005
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
Acrothamnus maccraei
(F.Muell.) Quinn
5+ Oceania
Acrotriche
R.Br.[42]
1810
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
Acrotriche divaricata[N 15]
R.Br.
16 Australia
Agiortia
Quinn[4]
2005
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
Agiortia cicatricata
(J.M.Powell) Quinn
3 Australia
Androstoma
Hook.f.[41]
1844
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
Androstoma empetrifolia
Hook.f.
2 Australia, New Zealand
Astroloma
R.Br.[42]
1810
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
none designated ca. 10 Australia
Brachyloma
Sond.[52]
1845
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
Brachyloma preissii
Sond.
7 Australia
Coleanthera
Stschegl.[53]
1859
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
None designated
Conostephium
Benth.[54]
1837
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
Conostephium pendulum
Benth.
ca. 10 Australia
Croninia
J.M.Powell[55]
1993
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
Croninia kingiana
(F.Muell.) J.M.Powell
1 Australia
Cyathodes
Labill.[56]
1805
(1804)
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
Cyathodes glauca[N 16]
Labill.
5(?) Australia
Cyathopsis
Brongn. & Gris[N 17][57]
1864
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
Cyathopsis floribunda
Brongn. & Gris
3 New Caledonia
Decatoca
F.Muell.[58]
1889
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
Decatoca spencerii
1 New Guinea
Leptecophylla
C.M.Weiller[59]
1999
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
Leptecophylla juniperina
(J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) C.M.Weiller
12 Oceania
Leucopogon
R.Br.[42]
1810
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
Leucopogon lanceolatus[N 18]
150+ Oceania
Lissanthe
R.Br.[42]
1810
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
Lissanthe strigosa[N 19]
(Sm.) R.Br.
7 Australia
Melichrus
R.Br.[42]
1810
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
Melichrus procumbens
(Cav.) Druce
ca. 10 Australia
Monotoca
R.Br.[42]
1810
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
Monotoca scoparia
(Sm.) R.Br.
17 Australia
Montitega
C.M.Weiller[5]
1993
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
Montitega dealbata
(R.Br.) C.M.Weiller
1 Australia
Pentachondra
R.Br.[42]
1810
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
None designated[N 20] 4–5 Australia, New Zealand
Planocarpa
C.M.Weiller[60]
1996
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
Planocarpa petiolaris
(DC.) C.M.Weiller
3 Tasmania
Styphelia
Sm.[61]
1795
("1793")
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
Styphelia tubuliflora
Sm.
Oceania
Trochocarpa
R.Br.[42]
1810
  • Styphelioideae
  • Styphelieae
Trochocarpa laurina
(Rudge R.Br.)
10? Australia, Malesia
Andromeda
L.[17]
1753
Andromeda polifolia
L.
1 or 2 Circumboreal
Zenobia
D.Don[29]
1834
Zenobia speciosa[N 21]
(Michx.) D.Don
1 Southeastern United States
Chamaedaphne
Moench[62]
1794
Chamaedaphne calyculata
(L.) Moench
1 Circumboreal
Diplycosia
Blume[63]
1826
None designated[N 22] ca. 110 Southeast Asia
Eubotrys
Nutt.[28]
1842
("1843")
Eubotrys racemosa
(L.) Nutt.
2 Eastern United States
Gaultheria
L.[17]
1753
Gaultheria procumbens
L.
ca. 115 Circumpacific, Americas
Leucothoe
D.Don[29]
1834
Leucothoe axillaria
(Lam.) D.Don
5 United States, East Asia
Pernettya[N 23]
Gaudich.[64]
1825
Pernettya empetrifolia[N 24]
(Lam.) Gaudich.
Southern America, Oceania
Tepuia
Camp[65]
1939
Tepuia tatei[N 25]
Camp
7 South America
Agarista
D.Don ex G.Don[66]
1834 Agarista nummularia
(Cham. & Schltdl.) G.Don
ca. 30 Americas, Africa, Madagascar
Craibiodendron
W.W.Sm.[67]
1911 Craibiodendron shanicum[N 26]
W.W.Sm.
5 India, China, Indochina
Lyonia
Nutt.[24]
1919 Lyonia ferruginea
(Walter) Nutt.
35 United States to Mexico
and Caribbeans, East Asia
Pieris
D.Don[29]
1834 Pieris formosa
(Wall.) D.Don
7 United States, Cuba, East Asia
Oxydendrum
DC.[68]
1839
Oxydendrum arboreum
(L.) DC.
1 United States
Agapetes
D.Don ex G.Don[66]
1834 Agapetes setigera
(Wall.) D.Don ex G.Don
80+ Himalaya
Anthopteropsis
A.C.Sm.[69]
1941 Anthopteropsis insignis
A.C.Sm.
1 Panama
Anthopterus
Hook.[70]
1839 Anthopterus racemosus
Hook.
ca. 20 Neotropical
Cavendishia
Lindl.[71]
1835
("1836")
Cavendishia nobilis
Lindl.
ca. 100 Neotropical
Ceratostema
Juss.[72]
1789 Ceratostema peruvianum
J.F.Gmel.
35 Andes
Costera
J.J.Sm.[73]
1910 Costera ovalifolia
J.J.Sm.
10
Demosthenesia
A.C.Sm.[74]
1936 Demosthenesia mandonii
(Britton) A.C.Sm.
12 Neotropical
Didonica
Luteyn & Wilbur[75]
1977 Didonica pendula
Luteyn & Wilbur
4 Neotropical
Dimorphanthera[N 27] N/A None designated 80+ Malesia to Australia
Diogenesia
Sleumer[76]
1934 Diogenesia octandra
Sleumer
13 Eastern Venezuela, Northern Andes
Disterigma
(Klotzsch) Nied.[77]
1889
("1890")
Disterigma empetrifolium
(Kunth) Drude
ca. 40 Mexico to Northern South America
Gaylussacia
Kunth[78]
1819 Gaylussacia buxifolia
Kunth
50 Americas
Gonocalyx
Planch. & Linden[79]
1856 Gonocalyx pulcher
Planch. & Linden
11 Southern America
Lateropora
A.C.Sm.[80]
1932[N 28] Lateropora ovata
A.C.Smith
3
Macleania
Hook.[70]
1837 Macleania floribunda
Hook.
ca. 50 Southern Mexico to Peru
Mycerinus
A.C.Sm.[81]
1931 Mycerinus sclerophyllus
A.C.Sm.
3 Southern America
Notopora
Hook.f.[70]
1873 Notopora schomburgkii[N 29]
Hook.f.
5
Oreanthes
Benth.[82]
1844 Oreanthes buxifolius
Benth.
7 Neotropical
Orthaea
Klotzsch[83]
1851 Orthaea secundiflora
(Poepp. & Endl.) Klotzsch
34 Neotropical
Paphia
Seem.[84]
1864 Paphia vitiensis
Seem.
20+ Australasia
Pellegrinia
Sleumer[85]
1935 Pellegrinia grandiflora
(Ruiz & Pav. ex G.Don) Sleumer
6
Plutarchia
A.C.Sm.[74]
1936 Plutarchia rigida
(Benth.) A.C.Sm.
11 Ecuador, Colombia
Polyclita
A.C.Sm.[74]
1936 Polyclita turbinata
(Kuntze) A.C.Smith
1
Psammisia
Klotzsch[83]
1851 Psammisia falcata
Klotzsch
70 Neotropical
Rusbya
Britton[86]
1893 None designated[N 30]
1 Bolivia
Satyria
Klotzsch[83]
1851 Satyria warszewiczii
Klotzsch
Semiramisia
Klotzsch[83]
1851 Semiramisia speciosa
(Benth.) Klotzsch
4 Ecuador, Venezuela to Peru
Siphonandra[N 31]
Klotzsch[83]
1851 Siphonandra elliptica
(Ruiz & Pav. ex G.Don) Klotzsch
3 Neotropical
Sphyrospermum
Poepp. & Endl.[87]
1835 Sphyrospermum buxifolium
Poepp. & Endl.
22 Neotropical
Symphysia
C.Presl[88]
1827 Symphysia martinicensis[N 32]
C.Presl
Themistoclesia
Klotzsch[83]
1851 Themistoclesia pendula[N 33]
22 Costa Rica to Peru
Thibaudia
Ruiz & Pav. ex J.St.-Hil.[89][N 34]
1805 Thibaudia mellifera[N 35]
Ruiz & Pav. ex J.St.-Hil.
60 Neotropical
Utleya
Wilbur & Luteyn[75]
1977 Utleya costaricensis
Wilbur & Luteyn
1
Vaccinium
L.[17]
1753 Vaccinium uliginosum
L.
500+ Near cosmopolitan

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 As unnecessary renamings of species described earlier by Linnaeus, these names are illegitimate and treated respectively as Moneses uniflora (L.) A.Gray, Orthilia secunda (L.) House, and Phyllodoce caerulea (L.) Bab.
  2. Small's species, which he originally named Pityopus oregona, was later found to be the same as Alice Eastwood's Monotropa californica. It is now treated as Pityopus californius (Eastw.) H.F.Copel.
  3. Currently treated as a synonym of Comarostaphylis discolor (Hook.) Diggs.
  4. The name is often attributed to David Don (1834, Edinb. New Philos. J. 17:160), but although no valid species name were published in the two last volumes of Gmelin's work (which did not use the Linnean binomial system), his genera are considered valid.
  5. This species' correct name is Bryanthus musciformis (Poir.) Nakai
  6. Murray & al. (2009, Fl. N. Am. 8:486) note that there are no recent comprehensive reviews of this genus "where different authors rarely, if ever, arrive at the same conclusion" (citing Hultén, 1971, Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., ser. 4 8(5):86).
  7. The correct name of the species is Daboecia cantabrica (Huds.) K.Koch
  8. As Befaria. The corrected spelling was later conserved.
  9. John Lindley and Joseph Paxton had originally (1851, Paxton's Fl. Gard. 1:113) moved Pallas' Rhododendron camtschaticum to a new genus Rhodothamnus, a name that Reichenbach had already coined for another Ericacea genus. Small elevated Carl Maximowicz' Rhododendron sect. Therorhodion (Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, sér. 7. 16(9):47) to generic level to replace that name.
  10. Robert Brown's (1810, Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.:558) original Needhamia could not be used because Needhamia Scop. (1777, Intr. Hist. Nat.:310), a rejected synonym of Tephrosia (Fabaceae) antedates it.
  11. Endlicher substituted this name (as "Lebethanthus") for his own Allodape (1839, Gen. Pl.:749), which he consider preoccupied by Allodape Lepeletier & Serville 1825 (Encycl. Méthod., Insectes 10:18), a genus of bees. Since this is not the case under the ICN, the new name was eventually conserved with the current spelling.
  12. Now included within Lebetanthus myrsinites (Lam.) Dusén.
  13. Sometimes misattributed to Labillardière (1800, Voy. Rech. Pérouse 1:186), but that name is a rejected name against Brown's, and a synonym of Craspedia (Asteraceae:Gnaphalieae).
  14. Not "R.Br. ex Sweet" or just "Sweet". Brown's Dracophyllum [unranked] Sphenotoma (1810, Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.:556) had no rank attached, but although such names cannot affect priority, they can still serve as basionyms so long as they are validly published (ICBN, art. 35).
  15. Not recorded in Index Nominum Genericorum (ING), but see Paterson (1960, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 85:77, publ. 1961).
  16. Not recorded in ING, but see Weiller (1996, Austral. Syst. Bot. 9(4):496)
  17. ING and IPNI cite both this reference and Bull. Soc. Bot. France 11:66, but that issue of the Bulletin was not published before late January 1865 (Leussink, 1985, Taxon 34(4):589).
  18. An illegitimate renaming of Henry Charles Andrews Styphelia parviflora. The correct name is Leucopogon parviflorus (Andrews) Lindl.
  19. Not recorded in APNI or ING, but see Crayn & al. (1999, Austral. Syst. Bot. 16(5):600).
  20. This would have to be either Pentachondra involucrata or Pentachondra pumilla.
  21. The genus' sole species is now known as Zenobia pulverulanta (W.Bartram ex Willd.) Pollard
  22. Would be either Diplycosia pilosa, D. heterophylla or D. latifolia (≡D. heterophylla var. latifolia).
  23. Gaudichaud originally spelled the name, which honors Antoine-Joseph Pernety, as "Pernettia". The spelling was later conserved with y.
  24. The correct name in Pernettya is Pernettya pumila (L.f.) Hook.. Although the species is known to belong in Gaultheria, it currently lacks a name in that genus (Gaultheria pumila Hook. already exists).
  25. Although Tepuia species belong to Gaultheria, this species lack a valid name in the latter genus because of the existence of Gaultheria tatei A.C.Sm. (1933; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60(2):99).
  26. Currently treated as a synonym of Craibiodendron stellatum (Pierre) W.W.Sm.
  27. Authorship, date and proper place of publication of this genus are listed in a number of different, contradictory ways.
  28. A printing error misstates the year as "1942".
  29. Hooker also listed the species with the epithet "schomburgkiana".
  30. This would have to be Rusbya taxifolia, as the other of Britton's original species is currently treated as Demosthenesia pearcei (Britton) A.C.Sm. and its designation as lectotype would replace Demosthenesia with Rusbya.
  31. Because the name is preceded by Siphonandra Turcz. (1848, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21(1):581; Arachnothryx, Rubiaceae), it has been proposed for conservation (Pedraza-Peñalosa & Luteyn, 2013; Taxon 62(2)408-409).
  32. A synonym of Symphysia racemosa (Vahl) Stearn
  33. A synonym for Themistoclesia dependens (Benth.) A.C.Sm.
  34. The fourth and fifth volumes of Ruiz and Pavón's Flora Peruviana, et Chilensis were not published during their time, but the plates that were to illustrate volume 4 were circulated and lead to the publication of some names (Stafleu & Cowan, 1983; Taxon. Lit., ed. 2 4:982).
  35. It is not clear whether the correct spelling is "mellifera" or "melliflora".

References

  1. Stevens, P.F. (June 2008). "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, Version 9". Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
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