Landsort

For the mine warfare vessel operated by Sweden and Singapore, see Landsort-class mine countermeasures vessel.
Landsort Lighthouse

Landsort Lighthouse
Stockholm region
Location Öja
Södermanland
Sweden
Coordinates 58°44′23″N 17°51′57″E / 58.7396°N 17.8658°E / 58.7396; 17.8658Coordinates: 58°44′23″N 17°51′57″E / 58.7396°N 17.8658°E / 58.7396; 17.8658
Year first constructed 1651 (first)
Year first lit 1689 (current)
Automated 1963
Foundation stone
Construction stone and cast iron tower
Tower shape two-stage tower: cylindrical lower part and conical roof with double balcony and lantern
Markings / pattern white tower, red roof
Height 25 metres (82 ft)
Focal height 44.5 metres (146 ft)
Original lens open fire
Current lens 3rd order Fresnel lens
Range 22 nautical miles (41 km; 25 mi)
Characteristic Fl (5) W 60s.
Admiralty number C6584
NGA number 9012
ARLHS number SWE-039
Sweden number SV-3275
Managing agent Swedish Maritime Administration (Sjöfartsverket)[1]

Landsort is a Swedish village with a lighthouse on the island of Öja.

The tower was built in 1689, with an upper conical iron section added in 1870. Open fires, serving as beacons, have been lit at the site since early times.

Landsort is the southernmost point of the Stockholm archipelago.

Lighthouse

The first lighthouse in the modern sense was lit in 1651 and, until the current tower was raised, a couple of different buildings were used to support the light. The tower of 1689 was constructed to carry an open fire, which burned coal. In 1840, a colza oil lamp was installed. A flame consumed paraffin from 1887 but in 1938 the beacon was electrified. Today the Swedish Maritime Administration owns and runs the lighthouse.

During World War II and the Cold War, Landsort was a military base for the Swedish coastal artillery.

Climate

The Swedish weather service SMHI operates a meteorological station at Landsort. The southern end of the island has a typical oceanic climate with several maritime features. One of those is the delayed summer (May and June are very cool compared to nearby mainland areas), called seasonal lag. There is a very low diurnal temperature variation, which often results in very mild nights year-round compared with nearby cities and towns. Winters are more prone to cold than summers are to heat, owing to the possibility of coastal ice eliminating maritime moderation in winter months when inland temperatures are colder. During months in which ice is not a risk, all-time lows are much milder than during adjacent months. These cold snaps are rare. The area has a distinct microclimate, with relatively low precipitation for the reference period of 1961-1990.[2] In spite of it being an extreme maritime climate by Swedish standards, it still is quite continental compared to similar latitudes in Scotland.

In summer, Landsort is isolated from heat waves affecting the east coast, with temperatures rarely going above 25 °C (77 °F). Between 2002 and 2016 there were only 14 such occurrences, at a 0.9 days average.[3] The chilly temperatures are especially marked by May temperatures often staying 10 degrees lower or more than during coastal or inland warm periods. Summers are rather short, with June being relatively chilly and rapid cooling starting from September onwards. In spite of the cool summer days, Landsort has never reported September frost, a very unusual occurrence for Swedish weather stations. Overnight lows can be extremely mild. During a late summer 2002 heat wave, Landsort did not fall below 16.2 °C (61.2 °F) the entire August.[4] On the other extreme, during a 2006 heat wave affecting the entire southern mainland, Landsort never rose above 24.3 °C (75.7 °F) in spite of frequent hot days in its vicinity.[5]

The drastic cooling in winter months has resulted in an all-time cold record of −28 °C (−18 °F),[6] typical of inland locations, but the all-time record heat measured at just 29 °C (84 °F)[7] is comparatively low, especially since nearby Stockholm recorded 35.4 °C (95.7 °F) that very day in 1975.

Climate data for Landsort (2002-2015; precipitation 1961–1990; extremes since 1901)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 9.4
(48.9)		 8.2
(46.8)		 12.5
(54.5)		 15.7
(60.3)		 21.5
(70.7)		 27.5
(81.5)		 28.0
(82.4)		 29.0
(84.2)		 23.0
(73.4)		 16.9
(62.4)		 12.7
(54.9)		 10.7
(51.3)		 29.0
(84.2)
Average high °C (°F) 1.3
(34.3)		 0.9
(33.6)		 3.0
(37.4)		 6.8
(44.2)		 11.1
(52)		 16.3
(61.3)		 19.9
(67.8)		 19.8
(67.6)		 15.5
(59.9)		 10.0
(50)		 6.3
(43.3)		 3.3
(37.9)		 9.5
(49.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.2
(31.6)		 −0.6
(30.9)		 1.2
(34.2)		 4.6
(40.3)		 9.0
(48.2)		 14.0
(57.2)		 17.8
(64)		 17.8
(64)		 13.5
(56.3)		 8.5
(47.3)		 4.8
(40.6)		 1.7
(35.1)		 7.6
(45.7)
Average low °C (°F) −1.8
(28.8)		 −2.2
(28)		 −0.6
(30.9)		 2.4
(36.3)		 6.9
(44.4)		 11.7
(53.1)		 15.7
(60.3)		 15.7
(60.3)		 11.6
(52.9)		 6.9
(44.4)		 3.3
(37.9)		 0.0
(32)		 5.8
(42.4)
Record low °C (°F) −26.4
(−15.5)		 −28.0
(−18.4)		 −26.0
(−14.8)		 −18.5
(−1.3)		 −4.0
(24.8)		 2.5
(36.5)		 7.3
(45.1)		 6.8
(44.2)		 1.2
(34.2)		 −4.0
(24.8)		 −9.0
(15.8)		 −17.8
(0)		 −28.0
(−18.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 35.4
(1.394)		 22.4
(0.882)		 22.9
(0.902)		 27.7
(1.091)		 26.0
(1.024)		 32.0
(1.26)		 41.2
(1.622)		 45.7
(1.799)		 47.7
(1.878)		 42.0
(1.654)		 49.6
(1.953)		 40.9
(1.61)		 433.4
(17.063)
Source #1: SMHI[8]
Source #2: SMHI Monthly Data 2002-2015[9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Landsort The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved April 5, 2016
  2. ↑ "Precipitation normals 1961-1990". SMHI. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  3. ↑ "Monthly & Yearly Climate Data" (in Swedish). SMHI. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
  4. ↑ "Monthly Statistics for August 2002" (PDF) (in Swedish). SMHI. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
  5. ↑ "Yearly Temperatures for 2006" (PDF) (in Swedish). SMHI. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
  6. ↑ "January 2015 Weather Observations (Records section)" (PDF). SMHI. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  7. ↑ "August 2014 Weather Observations (Records section)" (PDF). SMHI. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  8. ↑ "Precipitation Normals 1961-1990 (Swedish)" (in Swedish). Swedish Metereological and Hydrological Institute (Landsort code 8745).
  9. ↑ "Monthly and Yearly Statistics (Swedish)" (in Swedish). SMHI. 18 March 2016.
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