Kuningan Regency

Kuningan Regency
Kabupaten Kuningan
Other transcription(s)
  Sundanese ᮊᮘᮥᮕᮒᮨᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥᮔᮤᮍᮔ᮪
Motto: Aman Sehat Rindang Indah
Kuningan Regency
Coordinates: 6°45′S 108°23′E / 6.750°S 108.383°E / -6.750; 108.383
Country Indonesia
Province West Java
Government
  Regent H. Aang Hamid Suganda, S.Sos.
Area
  Total 1,110.56 km2 (428.79 sq mi)
Elevation 680 m (2,520 ft)
Population (2014)
  Total 1,113,686
Time zone WIB (UTC+7)
Area code(s) 0232
Website http://www.kuningankab.go.id

Kuningan Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of West Java province, Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,110.56 km2, and had a population of 1,035,589 at the 2010 Census; the latest official estimate (as at 2014) is 1,113,686. The town of Kuningan is its administrative capital. Kuningan Regency is located in the east of the province.

Etymology

The area of eastern slopes and valley of Mount Cereme has been known as Kuningan kingdom since the Hindu period as part of Galuh Kingdom circa 14th century. Kuningan is locally believed the name to have come from the Sundanese word kuning meaning "yellow". Alternate the name proliferated from the Sundanese word kuningan a local name for brass, the metal have been produced and used for hundreds of years in this area. According to local tradition, the name Kuningan derived from the Prince Arya Kuningan or Adipati Kemuning, a local hero and ruler of this region circa 1498.

History

Pre Historic

The oldest human inhabitant archaeological findings in the region in 1972 such as sherds, stone tools, grave stone and ceramic were unearthed in Cipari megalithic site with evidences of bronze and iron metallurgical culture, that assume it belonged to the Old Megalithicum age, from around 3500 BC to 1500 BC.[1]


Hindu Period

The Galuh and Sunda kingdom then came into the ruling power of the region, the reference to which were found in the story of Parahyangan (Carita Parahyangan).

Islam Period

In 15th century, an ulama and also a ruler named Syarif Hidayatullah settled in Cirebon, with the intention of spreading the word of Islam in this still pagan town. In the meantime, his pregnant wife Queen Ong-thien Nio from China came to this town and born children named Prince of Kuningan. Prince of Kuningan ascend the throne on September 1, 1498 that was officially declared as Kuningan government established.

Independence Period

A notable event in Indonesian history occurred in Kuningan regency when the Linggadjati Agreement was signed between the Indonesian and Dutch governments on November 15, 1946, in the village of Linggajati within the regency. There is a small well-appointed museum at the village, about 25 km from Cirebon, which records the events of the Linggadjati conference.

Geography

Kuningan Regency south of Cirebon City and Cirebon Regency in West Java.

Kuningan is bordered by Cirebon to the north, Majalengka to the west, Ciamis to the south and Brebes, Central Java to the east. The regency capital is Kuningan city. Its elevation is 768 metres (2,520 ft) above sea level. The regency's landscape is one of volcanic mountains, steep terrain, forest, mountains rivers and fertile agricultural land. The highest mountain in the province, Ciremai (3,076 m) is located in this regency. There are numerous tropical rainforests in Kuningan, with such tree species as Pinus (Pinus merkusii), teureup (Artocarpus elasticus), Dysoxylum caulostachyum, langsat (Lansium domesticum), and Planchonia valida, being represented.

Population and Demographics

According to the 2010 Census, Kuningan's population is 1,035,589 people, consists of 520,632 male and 514,957 female. The population is 97% Muslim, 2% Catholics and 1% follower of other religions. Its ethnic composition consists of Sundanese 95%, Javanese 2%, Chinese 1%, and other ethnic groups 3%. In addition to Indonesian, the official national language, the other widely spoken language in the regency is Sundanese. In some areas near the eastern border with Central Java, Javanese is also spoken.

Local economy

Small scale enterprise in the regency includes the production of patchouli oil, an essential oil produced from Patchouli. But the cost and quality of patchouli oil produced in the area still needs to be improved.[2] The selling price of patchouli in the region fluctuates markedly. This reflects several factors including market access to end users and the role of national brokers in the marketing chain. Standards of processing and refining of raw materials are not of high standards. Distillation is done at the local level and quality is still low (not meeting ISO levels). Amongst other things, this is because farmers who are producing local patchouli oil do not pay attention to factors such as the treatment of raw materials, the proportion of patchouli stems used with leaves, distillation methods, types of material used, reliance on solar stills, and inappropriate cooling and circulation techniques in production.

Quality improvement efforts that need to be adopted include improving the quality of the Fe (iron) content of patchouli oil because excessive levels make the oil too dark. Purification can reduce levels of iron from as high as 340.2 ppm down to 104.5 ppm. Further, densities that too small or too large reduce the low percentage of essential oil which can recovered.

Identification of the main components of local atchouli oil indicates a value of patchouli alcohol (PA) of about 27-29%. Improved treatment of material to be distilled can raise levels of PA to about 30-32%.

Government

The Regency has an area of 1,110.56  km²; with an average population density of 1,003 people per km² in 2014. It is divided into 32 districts (kecamatan), subdivided in turn into 376 village (desa/kelurahan).

List of the districts in Kuningan Regency:

  • Ciawigebang
  • Cibeureum
  • Cibingbin
  • Cidahu
  • Cigandamekar
  • Cigugur
  • Cilebak
  • Cilimus

  • Cimahi
  • Ciniru
  • Cipicung
  • Ciwaru
  • Darma
  • Garawangi
  • Hantara
  • Japara

  • Jalaksana
  • Kadugede
  • Kalimanggis
  • Karangkancana
  • Kramatmulya
  • Kuningan
  • Lebakwangi
  • Luragung

  • Mandirancan
  • Maleber
  • Nusaherang
  • Pancalang
  • Pasawahan
  • Selajambe
  • Sindangagung
  • Subang

Tourist destinations

There are several tourist locations in Kuningan Regency such as: the Linggarjati museum, Sangkanhurip hot water spa, Cibulan and Cigugur fish pond, Darma dam (Waduk Darma ) and Talaga Remis ( Remis Lake ).

The area of Palutungan, a new location tourist destination is known as 'Lembang of Kuningan' (Lembang is famous tourist destination near Bandung) located in 1,100 meter above sea level has fresh air, good views and an 8-meter waterfall. The waterfall is called Curug Putri (Lady Waterfall) is located in Cisantana village, Cigugur district. From Kuningan to Palutungan one can pass through Cigugur fish pond and Cisantana Maria cave.[3]

Kuningan Botanical Garden

Kuningan Botanical Garden in Padabeunghar Village is 154.9 hectares and in September 2012, 29 hectares is on fire which killed 10,014 trees of 30 species. All of burn trees are not yet cataloged because of its pioneer status which are planted in 2007.[4]

Sports

Kuningan is the home town of the Pesik football team. Its home base is Mashud Wisnusaputra Stadium. Other potential sports in Kuningan is athletic.

References

  1. "Cipari - Ancient Village or Settlement in Indonesia". The Megalithic Portal.
  2. Patchouli oil is also produced in other areas of Indonesia, such as in Bali and East Java. See Duncan Graham 'Essential improvements for essential oil', The Jakarta Post, 29 May 2006.
  3. 'Lembang of Kuningan'
  4. "Lebih Dari Sepuluh Ribu Pohon Pionir di Kebun Raya Kuningan Mati Terbakar". September 9, 2012.

Coordinates: 6°58′44″S 108°28′48″E / 6.97889°S 108.48000°E / -6.97889; 108.48000

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