Kalyani Inscriptions

The Kalyani Inscriptions (Burmese: ကလျာဏီကျောက်စာ), located in Bago, Burma (Myanmar), are stone inscriptions erected by King Dhammazedi of Hanthawaddy Pegu in 1479. Located at the Kalyani Ordination Hall (Kalyani Sima) outside Bago, the inscriptions commemorate the reformation of Burmese Buddhism in Ceylon's Mahavihara tradition between 1476 and 1479.^[1] The inscriptions are the most important sources on religious contacts between Burma and Sri Lanka.^[2]

King Dhammazedi, a former monk, proclaimed in the inscriptions that Buddhism in Ramanya [Lower Burma] was in decline as sectarianism had developed and the Orders had grown farther and farther away from their original purity; that he emulated great model Buddhist kings Anawrahta of Pagan, Sithu II of Pagan and Parakramabahu I of Ceylon who, according to him, kept the religion pure and reformed the sangha in the "orthodox" brand of Theravada Buddhism that he was attempting to do; and that he had sent the sangha to Ceylon to be re-ordained in the Mahavihara tradition as King Sithu II had done.^[3]

The inscriptions were so named because the sangha of Lower Burma were re-ordained on the Kalyani river (near modern Columbo). The language of the first three stones is Pali, inscribed using the Burmese script. The rest of the stones are Mon translation. The stones are 7 feet (2.134 m) high, 4 feet 2 inches (1.270 m) wide, and 1 foot 3 inches (0.381 m) thick. They are inscribed on both faces, with 70 lines of text to each face, three letters to an inch (2.54 cm).^[1]

Some of the original stone slabs were destroyed by the Portuguese in the early 17th century and Konbaung forces in 1757. Several carefully preserved palm-leaf manuscripts survived. Taw Sein Ko translated the inscriptions from the palm-leaf manuscripts into English and Pali written in Latin script.^[1]

References

Bibliography

• Aung-Thwin, Michael A. (2005). The Mists of Rāmañña: The Legend that was Lower Burma (illustrated ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 9780824828868. 
• Sirisena, W.M. (1978). Sri Lanka and South-East Asia: Political, Religious and Cultural Relations from A.D. C. 1000 to C. 1500 (illustrated ed.). Brill Archive. p. 186. ISBN 9789004056602. 
• Taw, Sein Ko (1892). The Kalyani Inscriptions Erected by King Dhammaceti at Pegu: Text and Translation (PDF). Rangoon: The Superitendant, Government Printing, Burma. 

Burmese chronicles
National chronicles	Standard chronicles Maha Yazawin Hmannan Yazawin (Glass Palace Chronicle) Hmannan Yazawin, Part II Hmannan Yazawin, Part III Other nationals Yazawin Kyaw Yazawin Thit Maha Yazawin Kyaw
Biographic chronicles	Zatadawbon Yazawin Razadarit Ayedawbon Hanthawaddy Hsinbyushin Ayedawbon Alaung Mintayagyi Ayedawbon Alaungpaya Ayedawbon Nyaungyan Mintaya Ayedawbon Hsinbyushin Ayedawbon
Regional chronicles	Upper Burma Pagan Yazawin Pagan Yazawin Thit Inwa Yazawin Toungoo Yazawin Pyay Yazawin Myauk Nan Kyaung Yazawin Ramanya Razadarit Ayedawbon Nidana Arambhakatha Gavampati Slapat Rajawan Lik Amin Asah Pak Lat Chronicles Arakan Maha Razawin Rakhine Razawin Inzauk Razawin Razawin Linka Rakhine Razawin Haung Dhanyawaddy Ayedawbon Mizzimadetha Ayedawbon Maha Razawin (Saya Me) Rakhine Razawin Thit Shan states Jinakalamali Zinme Yazawin Kengtung Yazawin Hsenwi Yazawin Hsipaw Yazawin Mong Yawng Yazawin Miscellaneous Pawtugi Yazawin Dawei Yazawin Myeik Yazawin
Religious chronicles	Yazawin Kyaw Sasana Vamsa
Chronicles in verse	Rakhine Minthami Eigyin Pyay Zon Mawgun Thakin Htwe Eigyin Shwe Sa-daing Hsindaw Minye Deibba Eigyin Yodaya Naing Mawgun Dhanyawaddy Naing Mawgun Minzet Yazawin Thanbauk
Administrative treatises	Zabu Kun-Cha Lawka Byuha Mani Yadanabon Wawhara Linathta Dipani Yazawwada Shwebon Nidan Myanmar Min Okchokpon Sa-dan Shwenanthon Wawhara Abhidan
Law treatises	Alaungsithu Hpyat-hton Wareru Dhammathat Dhammathat Kyaw Hanthawaddy Hsinbyumyashin Hpyat-hton Manu Thara Shwe Myin Dhammathat Manu Kye Dhammathat Manu Wunnana Shwe Myin Dhammathat
Notable inscriptions	Myazedi Inscription Sawlumin inscription Kalyani Inscriptions Shwezigon Pagoda Bell Inscription Kuthodaw Pagoda Inscriptions