Juan González de Mendoza

Juan González de Mendoza, O.S.A. (1545 - 14 February 1618) was the author of the first Western history of China to publish Chinese characters for Western delectation. Published by him in 1586, Historia de las cosas más notables, ritos y costumbres del gran reyno de la China (The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof) is an account of observations several Spanish travelers in China. An English translation by Robert Parke appeared in 1588 and was reprinted by the Hakluyt Society in two volumes, edited by Sir George T. Staunton, Bart. (London, 1853–54).

Mendoza's Historia may have been the first book-length work on China published in Europe since the days of Marco Polo. It was mostly superseded in 1615 by the work of much more informed Jesuit missionaries who actually lived in China, Matteo Ricci and Nicolas Trigault, De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas.

Biography

First page of the chapter on Chinese language in Mendoza's book, in its original 1585 Spanish edition. According to Staunton, of the two characters shown on this page, the first (said to mean "heaven") is hard to identify, although he guesses that it might be 𨺩 (a variant of 乾).^[1] Modern Chinese translators of Mendoza's books suggest that 穹 may have been meant.^[2] (May it though be a combination of two characters, with the one on top being a 天, perhaps in seal script?). The second (said to mean "king") is a poorly written 皇.^[1]

Mendoza was born at Torrecilla en Cameros (La Rioja (Spain)) in 1545. He joined the army but after some years resigned to enter the Order of Saint Augustine. He based his most famous text on the journals of Miguel de Luarca, whose 1580 trip to Ming China provided a simple majority thereof. He never set foot in China, but spent two years in Mexico before returning to Spain.

On 31 May 1593, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement VIII as Bishop of Lipari.^[3] On 7 Jun 1593, he was consecrated bishop by Filippo Spinola, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Sabina, with Cristóbal Senmanat y Robuster, Bishop of Orihuela, and Lorenzo Celsi (bishop), Bishop of Castro del Lazio, serving as co-consecrators.^[3] On 24 May 1599, he resigned as Bishop of Lipari.^[3] On 7 May 1607, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul V as Bishop of Chiapas.^[3] On 17 Nov 1608, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul V as Bishop of Popayán.^[3] He served as Bishop of Popayán until his death on 14 Feb 1618.^[3]

Episcopal succession

While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of:^[3]

• Pedro Castro Nero, Bishop of Lugo (1599);
• Juan Ramírez de Arellano (bishop), Bishop of Santiago de Guatemala (1600); and
• Juan Pérez de Espinosa, Bishop of Santiago de Chile (1600).

Bibliography

• Historia de las cosas más notables, ritos y costumbres del gran reyno de la China (original Spanish; Rome, 1585)
• The history of the great and mighty kingdom of China and the situation thereof (English translation by Robert Parke, 1588, in an 1853 reprint by Hakluyt Society); vol. 1 at archive.org vol. 2 at archive.org; vol. 1 at Project Gutenberg; vol. 2 at Project Gutenberg
• Links to many other translations
• Mendoza, Juan González de (1970). Staunton, Sir George Thomas, ed. The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof, Volume 1. Compiled by Juan González de Mendoza, Sir George Thomas Staunton; Contributor Sir George Thomas Staunton (reprint ed.). B. Franklin. ISBN 0833723618. Retrieved 24 April 2014. 

See also

• Martín Ignacio de Loyola

Notes

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Historia de las cosas más notables, ritos y costumbres del gran reyno de la China.

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Thurston, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "^{article name needed}". New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead. 

External links

• Works by Juan Gonzalez de Mendoza at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about Juan González de Mendoza at Internet Archive