José María Cornejo

José María Cornejo Merino y Guevara (November 10, 1788, San Vicente, El Salvador – November 24, 1864, San Vicente) was a Salvadoran politician. Two times he served as chief of state of El Salvador (1829–30 and 1830–32).

Early life

Cornejo was born in 1788 to José María Cornejo and Jacoba Merino. He married Nicolasa de Lezaca.

In Guatemala he studied philosophy, obtaining a diploma on January 14, 1809. Later he studied canon law, but without graduating, and after that civil law, which he also did not finish. He was in Guatemala when the United Provinces of Central America approved inclusion into the First Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide. Because Cornejo opposed this union, he was sent to prison. He was freed in June 1822, and returned to El Salvador.

Career

He was a deputy to the state congress in 1826, 1827 and 1828, when El Salvador was part of the Federal Republic of Central America. Attaining considerable fame, he also became mayor of San Vicente and permanent councilman.

When elections for chief of state were convoked among the towns, Cornejo was the winner. He took possession of the government (still a state within the federation) on January 30, 1829 and governed for a little more than a year, to February 16, 1830.

He served a second term from December 4, 1830 to April 3, 1832. Federal President Francisco Morazán transferred the capital of the Federation from Guatemala City to San Salvador in December 1831, but because of opposition from Cornejo (who opposed the federation), Morazán was forced to leave San Salvador on January 6, 1832. He went to Honduras, where he awaited the arrival of more troops from Nicaragua to reenter El Salvador.

Together with Manuel José Arce Cornejo proclaimed the separation of El Salvador from the Union in 1832. On March 17 of that year the Salvadoran town of Chalatenango pronounced against Cornejo and in favor of the federal government. The town of Metapán did likewise.^[1] Morazán attacked San Miguel, El Salvador on February 28, 1832. On March 14, 1832 in the Battle of Jocoro, he defeated Cornejo. On March 28 he defeated him again at San Salvador. Cornejo was taken prisoner and Morazán took over direct control of El Salvador. He called elections for a constituent assembly, which subsequently elected Mariano Prado chief of state and Joaquín de San Martín vice chief of state.

References

1. ↑ El Periódico Nuevo Enfoque, March 2007

External links

• (Spanish) Brief biography from the Salvadoran government web site
• (Spanish) Brief biography
• (Spanish) The war between Cornejo and Morazán

Heads of state of El Salvador
Federal Republic of Central America (1821–41)	Barriere Delgado Filisola Codallos Junta Consultiva Prado J. Rodríguez Prado J. V. Villacorta Prado Cornejo J. D. Villacorta Cornejo Morazán J. San Martín Prado J. San Martín C. Salazar G. Salazar Escolán Silva Espinoza F. Gómez Vigil T. Menéndez Vigil T. Menéndez Cañas Morazán Silva Cañas Ramírez
Republic of El Salvador (1841–1931)	Lindo Marín J. J. Guzmán Palacios Malespín J. E. Guzmán Palacios Aguilar Medina Quirós Vasconcelos R. Rodríguez Vasconcelos Quirós Dueñas J. M. San Martín Dueñas V. Gómez J. M. San Martín Dueñas Campo Zepeda Santín J. E. Guzmán Peralta Barrios Dueñas González del Valle Zaldívar F. Menéndez Ezeta Gutiérrez Regalado Escalón Figueroa M. Araujo C. Meléndez Quiñónez C. Meléndez Quiñónez J. Meléndez Quiñónez P. Romero A. Araujo
Military presidents (1931–1980)	Hernández Martínez A. Menéndez Hernández Martínez A. Menéndez Aguirre Castaneda Revolutionary Council Osorio Lemus Military junta Cordón Rivera Sánchez Hernández Molina C. Romero Revolutionary Government junta
Salvadoran Civil War (1980–1992)	Magaña Duarte Cristiani
Post-Civil War (since 1992)	Cristiani Calderón Sol Flores Saca Funes Cerén