John Eager Howard
| John Eager Howard | |
|---|---|
 John Eager Howard by Charles Willson Peale, 1823[1] | |
| United States Senator from Maryland | |
|
In office November 21, 1796 – March 3, 1803 | |
| Preceded by | Richard Potts |
| Succeeded by | Samuel Smith |
| 5th Governor of Maryland | |
|
In office November 24, 1788 – November 14, 1791 | |
| Preceded by | William Smallwood |
| Succeeded by | George Plater |
| Member of the Maryland Senate | |
|
In office 1791–1795 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
June 4, 1752 Baltimore County, Maryland |
| Died |
October 12, 1827 (aged 75) 'Belvidere', Baltimore County, Maryland |
| Resting place | Old Saint Paul's Cemetery, Baltimore, Maryland |
| Political party | Federalist |
| Spouse(s) | Peggy Chew |
| Children | John Eager Howard, Jr., George Howard, Benjamin Chew Howard, Dr. William Howard, Juliana Howard McHenry, James Howard, Sophia Howard Read, Charles Howard |
| Residence | 'Belvidere', Baltimore County, Maryland |
| Profession | Politician |
| Religion | Anglican, Episcopalian |
John Eager Howard (June 4, 1752 – October 12, 1827) was an American soldier and politician from Maryland. He was elected as governor of the state in 1788, and served three one-year terms. He also was elected to the Continental Congress, the Congress of the United States and the U.S. Senate.[2] In the 1816 presidential election, Howard received 22 electoral votes for vice president on the Federalist Party ticket with Rufus King. The ticket lost in a landslide.
Howard County, Maryland, is named for him, along with Eager Street and Howard Street in Baltimore.[3]
Early life and education
He was the son of Cornelius Howard and Ruth (Eager) Howard, of the Maryland planter elite and was born at their plantation "The Forest." Howard grew up in an Anglican slaveholding family. Anglicanism was the established church of the Chesapeake Bay colonies.
Howard joined the Baltimore lodge of Freemasonry and eventually became a Brother.[3]
Military career
Commissioned a captain at the beginning of the American Revolutionary War, Howard rose in 1777 to the rank of colonel in the Continental Army,[2] fighting in the Battle of White Plains and in the Battle of Monmouth. He was awarded a silver medal by Congress for his leadership at the 1781 Battle of Cowpens,[2] during which he commanded the 2nd Maryland Regiment, Continental Army.[4] In September 1781, he was wounded in a bayonet charge at the Battle of Eutaw Springs.[5] Nathanael Greene wrote that Howard was "as good an officer as the world affords. He has great ability and the best disposition to promote the service....He deserves a statue of gold."[6]
Political life
Following his army service, Howard held several electoral political positions: elected to the Continental Congress of 1788; Governor of Maryland for three one-year terms, 1788 through 1791; State Senator from 1791 through 1795; and Presidential Elector in 1792. He declined the offer from President George Washington in 1795 to be Secretary of War. He joined the Federalist Party and was elected to the 4th Congress from November 21, 1796, through 1797 as a United States Senator for the remainder of the term of Richard Potts, who had resigned. He was elected for a Senate term of his own in 1797, which included the 5th Congress, the 6th Congress of 1799–1801 during which he was President pro tempore, and the 7th Congress, serving until March 3, 1803.[2]
Although Howard was offered an appointment as the Secretary of War in the administration of President George Washington, he declined it. Similarly, he declined a 1798 commission as Brigadier General during the preparations for the coming Quasi-War with France.[2]
After 1803, Howard returned to Baltimore, where he avoided elected office but continued in public service and philanthropy as a leading citizen.[7] He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1815.[8] In the 1816 presidential election, he received 22 electoral votes for Vice President[3] as the running mate of Federalist Rufus King, losing to James Monroe and Governor Daniel Tompkins. No formal Federalist nomination had been made, and it is not clear whether Howard, who was one of several Federalists who received electoral votes for Vice President, ran as a candidate for the office.
Marriage and family
John Eager Howard married Margaret ("Peggy") Chew (1760–1824), daughter of the Pennsylvania justice Benjamin Chew, in 1787.[3]
- John Eager Howard, Jr. (1788–1822) m.1820 Cornelia Read (daughter of US Senator Jacob Read, SC) Maryland State Senator. Died in Mercersburg, PA Oct. 1822.
- George Howard,[3] (1789–1846) m.1811 Prudence Ridgely (dau. of Gov. Charles Carnan Ridgely). George was born while Col. Howard was Governor in Jennings House and became Governor in 1831. His home "Waverly" at Marriottsville, Maryland still exists.
- Benjamin Chew Howard (1791–1872) m.1818 Jane Gilmor. He was elected for four terms in the U.S. Congress[3] and was the Reporter of Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States 1843–1861.
- Dr. William Howard (1793–1834) m.1828 Rebecca Key (dau. of Philip Barton Key, uncle of Francis Scott Key). He became a civil engineer for the War Department on canals and railroad routes.
- Juliana Howard McHenry (1796–1821) m.1819 John McHenry (died in Mercersburg, PA, Oct 1822; son of Dr. James McHenry, Secretary of War).
- James Howard (1797–1870) m.1820 Sophia Ridgely (dau. of Gov. Charles Carnan Ridgely) and 2d m.1832 Catherine Ross.
- Sophia Howard Read (1800–1880) m.1825 William George Read (son of US Sen. Jacob Read, SC)
- Charles Howard (1802–1869) m.1825 Elizabeth Key (dau. of Francis Scott Key). Charles and his son, Francis Key Howard, were imprisoned in Fort McHenry at the start of the American Civil War.
- Mary (February–May 1806)
Death and legacy
John Eager Howard is buried at the Old Saint Paul's Cemetery, located between West Lombard Street and present-day Martin Luther King Boulevard in Baltimore.[2]
- Howard County, Maryland, formed out of western Anne Arundel County and southeastern Frederick County in 1839 as the Howard District and officially as Howard County in 1851, was named for him.[3][9]
- In 1904, the city commissioned an equestrian statue of Howard by the eminent French sculptor Emmanuel Frémiet and installed it at Washington Monument circle facing south overlooking at Washington Place Square of North Charles Street, Baltimore.[3]
- Howard is one of several notable men of Maryland mentioned in the state song "Maryland, My Maryland" written in 1861 by James Ryder Randall; the phrase "Howard's war-like thrust" refers to him.
- Three streets in Baltimore share his name: the diagonal-running John Street in the Bolton Hill area; the east-west running Eager Street; and the north-south running Howard Street.
References
- ↑ Archives of Maryland (Biographical Series), John Eager Howard, Maryland State Archives
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 United States Congress. "John Eager Howard (id: H000841)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Index to Politicians: Howard". The Political Graveyard. Lawrence Kestenbaum. Retrieved June 15, 2009.
- ↑ "John Eager Howard (1752–1827)". Archives of Maryland (Biographical Series). Retrieved August 22, 2014.
- ↑ Nancy Capace. Encyclopedia of Maryland. p. 81.
- ↑ Quoted in Lawrence E. Babits, A Devil of a Whipping: The Battle of Cowpens (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 26.
- ↑ American National Biography, John Eager Howard; online version consulted
- ↑ "American Antiquarian Society Members Directory". American Antiquarian Society. Retrieved July 16, 2015.
- ↑ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 162.
Further reading
- Jim Piecuch and John Beakes. Cool Deliberate Courage: John Eager Howard in the American Revolution (2009)
External links
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by William Smallwood |
Governor of Maryland 1788–1791 |
Succeeded by George Plater |
| United States Senate | ||
| Preceded by Richard Potts |
U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Maryland 1796–1803 Served alongside: John Henry, James Lloyd, William Hindman, Robert Wright |
Succeeded by Samuel Smith |
| Preceded by Uriah Tracy |
President pro tempore of the United States Senate November 21, 1800 – November 27, 1800 |
Succeeded by James Hillhouse |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Jared Ingersoll |
Federalist Party nominee for Vice President of the United States 1816 |
Succeeded by Richard Stockton |
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| Class 1 |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Class 3 | ||
