Israeli Transverse Mercator

Israeli Transverse Mercator - ITM

Geodesy
Fundamentals
Geodesy Geodynamics Geomatics Cartography History
Concepts
Geographical distance Geoid Figure of the Earth Geodetic datum Geodesic Geographic coordinate system Horizontal position representation Latitude / Longitude Map projection Reference ellipsoid Satellite geodesy Spatial reference system
Technologies
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Global Positioning System (GPS) GLONASS (Russian) BeiDou (BDS) (Chinese) Galileo (European) Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS)
Standards
ED50 European Datum 1950 SAD69 South American Datum 1969 GRS 80 Geodetic Reference System 1980 NAD83 North American Datum 1983 WGS84 World Geodetic System 1984 NAVD88 N. American Vertical Datum 1988 ETRS89 European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 GCJ-02 Chinese encrypted datum 2002 International Terrestrial Reference System Spatial Reference System Identifier (SRID) Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
History
NGVD29 (Sea Level Datum 1929)

Israeli Transverse Mercator (Hebrew: רשת ישראל החדשה‎‎ Reshet Yisra'el Ha-Ḥadasha; ITM) is the new geographic coordinate system for Israel. The name is derived from the Transverse Mercator projection it uses and the fact that it is optimized for Israel. ITM has replaced the old coordinate system ICS. This coordinate system is sometimes also referred as the "New Israeli Grid". It is in use since January 1, 1994.

The need for a new grid

ITM replaced the old grid ICS which was based on the Cassini-Soldner projection. The central meridian in the new projection, as in the old one, crosses through Jerusalem. Replacing the projection eliminates two prominent drawbacks in the old network: assigning negative latitudinal values to the Southern Negev and the possibility of confusing coordinate values on the X and Y axes. The new system relocated the Y axis 50 km westward and the X axis 500 km southward so that now the entire country is covered by positive coordinate values.

Additional information on the creation of the new grid is available in Hebrew^[1]

Examples

An ITM coordinate is generally given as a pair of two six digit numbers (excluding any digits behind a decimal point which may be used in very precise surveying). The first number is always the Easting and the second is the Northing. The easting and northing are in metres from the false origin.

The ITM coordinate for the Western Wall at Jerusalem is:

E 222286 m

N 631556 m

The first figure is the easting and means that the location is 222,286 meters east from the false origin (along the X axis). The second figure is the northing and puts the location 631,556 meters north of the false origin (along the Y axis). Also notice how the easting in this example is indicated with an “E” and likewise an “N” for the northing. The fact that the coordinate is in meters is indicated by the lowercase m.

The table below shows the same coordinate in 3 different grids:

Grid Parameters

The ITM coordinate system is defined by the following parameters:^[2]

• Projection: Transverse Mercator
• Reference ellipsoid: GRS80

a(m): 6378137.000000000000000

1/f: 298.257222000000000

• Main datum point (central meridian) location:

Latitude of origin (D-M-S): 31 44 3.816999999992845

Longitude of origin (D-M-S): 35 12 16.260999999993260

• Main point grid values:

False Easting (m): 219529.584000000000000

False Northing(m): 626907.389999999900000

• Grid scale factor: 1.000006700000000

See also

• ICS
• GRS80
• Transverse Mercator

References

1. ↑ "New Grid for Israel", in Hebrew, retrieved September 27, 2007, about the New Israeli Grid, published by the Mapping Center of Israel (MAPI) in the official website
2. ↑ ITM Grid definition, published by the Mapping Center of Israel (MAPI) in the official website

External links

• MAPI (Mapping Center of Israel) official website (Hebrew).
• Converting latitude and longitude to ITM coordinates (free and open source software).
• Geography educational website of Haifa's university.