Isotopes of magnesium

Magnesium (Mg) naturally occurs in three stable isotopes, 24Mg, 25Mg, and 26Mg. There are 19 radioisotopes that have been discovered, ranging from 19Mg to 40Mg. The longest-lived radioisotope is 28Mg with a half-life of 20.915 hours. The lighter isotopes mostly decay to isotopes of sodium while the heavier isotopes decay to isotopes of aluminium. The shortest-lived is 39Mg with a half-life shorter than 180 nanoseconds, or possibly 40Mg, with a half-life longer than 170 nanoseconds (the half-life of 19Mg is unknown).

Relative atomic mass: 24.3050(6)

A chart showing the abundances of the naturally-occurring isotopes of magnesium.

Table

nuclide
symbol
Z(p) N(n)  
isotopic mass (u)
 
half-life decay mode(s)[1] daughter
isotope(s)[n 1]
nuclear
spin
representative
isotopic
composition
(mole fraction)
range of natural
variation
(mole fraction)
19Mg 12 7 19.03547(27) 1/2−#
20Mg 12 8 20.018863(29) 90.8(24) ms β+ (97%) 20Na 0+
β+, p (3%) 19Ne
21Mg 12 9 21.011713(18) 122(2) ms β+ (66.9%) 21Na (5/2,3/2)+
β+, p (32.6%) 20Ne
β+, α (0.5%) 17F
22Mg 12 10 21.9995738(14) 3.8755(12) s β+ 22Na 0+
23Mg 12 11 22.9941237(14) 11.317(11) s β+ 23Na 3/2+
24Mg 12 12 23.985041700(14) Stable 0+ 0.7899(4) 0.78958–0.79017
25Mg 12 13 24.98583692(3) Stable 5/2+ 0.1000(1) 0.09996–0.10012
26Mg[n 2] 12 14 25.982592929(30) Stable 0+ 0.1101(3) 0.10987–0.11030
27Mg 12 15 26.98434059(5) 9.458(12) min β 27Al 1/2+
28Mg 12 16 27.9838768(22) 20.915(9) h β 28Al 0+
29Mg 12 17 28.988600(15) 1.30(12) s β 29Al 3/2+
30Mg 12 18 29.990434(9) 335(17) ms β (99.94%) 30Al 0+
β, n (.06%) 29Al
31Mg 12 19 30.996546(13) 230(20) ms β (98.3%) 31Al 3/2+
β, n (1.7%) 30Al
32Mg 12 20 31.998975(19) 86(5) ms β (97.6%) 32Al 0+
β, n (2.4%) 31Al
33Mg 12 21 33.005254(21) 90.5(16) ms β (83%) 33Al 7/2−#
β, n (17%) 32Al
34Mg 12 22 34.00946(25) 20(10) ms β (>99.9%) 34Al 0+
β, n (<.1%) 33Al
35Mg 12 23 35.01734(43)# 70(40) ms β, n (52%) 34Al (7/2−)#
β (48%) 35Al
36Mg 12 24 36.02300(54)# 3.9(13) ms β 36Al 0+
37Mg 12 25 37.03140(97)# 40# ms [>260 ns] β 37Al 7/2−#
β, n 36Al
38Mg 12 26 38.03757(54)# 1# ms [>260 ns] 0+
39Mg 12 27 39.04677(55)# <260 ns 7/2−#
40Mg 12 28 40.05393(97)# 1# ms 0+
  1. Bold for stable isotopes
  2. Used in radiodating events early in the Solar System's history

References

External links

  1. "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica. (registration required (help)).
Isotopes of sodium Isotopes of magnesium Isotopes of aluminium
Table of nuclides
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