I Corps (Grande Armée)
| I Corps (Grande Armée) | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1805–1815 |
| Country |
 First French Empire |
| Branch | Army |
| Type | Army Corps |
| Size | Two to five infantry divisions, cavalry, artillery |
| Engagements | Napoleonic Wars |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders |
Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte Claude Perrin Victor Louis-Nicolas Davout Dominique Vandamme Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Comte d'Erlon |
The I Corps of the Grande Armée was a military unit that existed during the Napoleonic Wars. The corps was composed of troops in Imperial French service.
The Campaigns
The corps was formed in 1805 and Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte was appointed its commander.
The War Of The Third Coalition
It fought at Austerlitz in 1805
The War Of The Fourth Coalition
It took part in the battles of Schleiz, Halle and Lübeck in 1806, and Mohrungen and Spanden in 1807. After Bernadotte was wounded at Spanden, Claude Victor-Perrin led the corps at Friedland where his tactics won him a marshal's baton.
The Peninsular War
Victor continued to lead the I Corps in Spain where it was engaged at Uclés, Medellín, Alcantara, Talavera in 1809, the Siege of Cádiz beginning in 1810, and Barrosa in 1811.
The Invasion Of Russia
The corps was reorganized in the strength of five infantry divisions for the French invasion of Russia in 1812 and Marshal Louis-Nicolas Davout was appointed to lead it. At the crossing of the Niemen River in 1812, the I Corps' size was about 79,000 men, but by the Battle of Smolensk, about 60,000 men remained.[1] By the end of the Russian campaign, only 2,235 men remained.[2]
Under Davout the unit fought at Borodino, Vyazma, and Krasnoi before dissolving as an effective unit during the retreat from Moscow.
The War of the Sixth Coalition
In 1813, the I Corps was reconstituted and placed under the command of Dominique Vandamme. The corps was cut to pieces at Kulm and the remnant surrendered together with the XIV Corps after the Siege of Dresden in November 1813.
The War of the Seventh Coalition
The corps was rebuilt in 1815 and assigned to Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Comte d'Erlon under whom it fought at Waterloo.
Notes
- ↑ Badone, Jean Cerino; et al. "1812 – Invasion of Russia". Retrieved 16 August 2007.
- ↑ Badone, Jean Cerino; et al. ""I have no army any more!" – Napoleon". Retrieved 16 August 2007.
References
- Chandler, David G. (1966). The Campaigns of Napoleon. New York, NY: Macmillan.
- Oman, Charles (2010). A History of the Peninsular War Volume I. La Vergne, Tenn.: Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 1432636820.
- Oman, Charles (1995). A History of the Peninsular War Volume II. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole. ISBN 1-85367-215-7.
- Oman, Charles (1996). A History of the Peninsular War Volume III. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole. ISBN 1-85367-223-8.
- Oman, Charles (1996). A History of the Peninsular War Volume IV. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole. ISBN 1-85367-224-6.
- Petre, F. Loraine (1912). Napoleon's Last Campaign in Germany, 1813. New York: John Lane Company.
- Smith, Digby (1998). The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill. ISBN 1-85367-276-9.