iCivics

iCivics, inc. (formerly Our Courts) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization in the United States that provides educational online games and lesson plans to promote civics education and encourage students to become active citizens.^[1] iCivics was founded in 2008 by retired Supreme Court of the United States Justice Sandra Day O'Connor. iCivics’s stated mission is to “ensure every student receives a high-quality civic education, and becomes engaged in – and beyond – the classroom.”^[2]

iCivics, inc. is supported by private donations and grants and had annual expenses of $2.2 million in 2015.^[1] Among the top contributors were the Gates Foundation and the MacArthur Foundation.^[1][2] In the same year, iCivics served more than 85,000 educators and 3 million students, including half of all middle school social studies classrooms in America.^[1]

History

Justice O’Connor developed the Our Courts project in partnership with Georgetown University Law School and Arizona State University.^[3][4] In March 2009, Justice O'Connor went on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart to promote Our Courts and civics education.^[5][6] Our Courts added Supreme Decision and Do I Have A Right? to the website in August 2009.^[7] It was incorporated as iCivics, inc. in May 2010 as the variety of content and users began to expand more rapidly.^[8] A more comprehensive website was launched, supplementing the gaming modules with classroom lessons on the branches of government.

Above The Law sponsored a Do I Have A Right? challenge in 2010.^[9] Justice O'Connor was the keynote speaker at Games for Change in 2010, and iCivics was featured at the Games for Change conference in New York in 2011.^[10] The Washington Post Editorial Board highlighted the shortcomings of traditional civics education, and the efforts of iCivics.^[11]

In 2011 the website added seven games and 16 lesson plans, and had over 700,000 unique visitors.^[12] By 2013 it was the most widely adopted civics curriculum in America.^[8]

Currently, the governing board of iCivics includes O’Connor as well as current Justice Sonia Sotomayor and the Honorable Robert Henry, president of Oklahoma City University. The executive director of iCivics is Louise Dubé, previously Managing Director of Digital Learning at WGBH.^[13]

Mission

Justice O’Connor initially envisioned Our Courts as a response to a perceived misunderstanding of the justice system in America.^[4] As keynote speaker at the NCSS annual conference in 2007, she noted that “two-thirds of Americans know at least one of the judges on the Fox TV show ‘American Idol,’ but less than 1 in 10 can name the chief justice of the United States Supreme Court.” ^[14] At present, ourcourts.org maintains this mission,^[15] but iCivics has a broader mission incorporating education on the legislative and executive branches of government as well as civics at a local level.^[2][16]

The organization focuses on broadly improving civics education but also on closing the civics education gap.^[1] O'Connor saw the state of civics education as a result of the failure of traditional education methods, as well as funding cuts and lower graduation requirements imposed by the No Child Left Behind Act.^[17] Our Courts collaborator James Gee, a professor of literacy at Arizona State University, convinced her that educational games were the key to civics education, due to their capacity to teach problem solving.^[18]

iCivics games have been evaluated for their educational effectiveness in a handful of research studies. Branches of Power was shown to be both engaging and educational for a majority of students in a test group.^[19] A significant number of students also play the games again at home, greatly increasing absorption of concepts and improving test scores.^[20] The general iCivics curriculum has been shown to be an effective mechanism for education on civics topics as measured by scores on the US citizenship test. It was particularly effective among younger students in grades 4-6 and less effective among high school seniors.^[21] The interactive writing exercise Drafting Board also improved persuasive writing skills among 8th graders.^[22]

The organization is currently working on extending its curriculum to high school and reaching more high school educators. It currently serves one in four high school government and history teachers.^[23]

Content

iCivics hosts lesson plans, games, online workshops and other materials for teachers and students of American civics. All online materials are free to registered users.

Games

iCivics currently hosts nineteen different educational games, developed in partnership with Filament Games (with the exception of Supreme Decision, produced with Studio Mobile, Cabengo and the Center for Children & Technology).^[24] Curriculum and design of each game is provided by employees of iCivics, and dart, programming, and sound design is provided by Filament.

• Activate - Build an advocacy campaign from the local to the national level.
• Argument Wars - Argue one of several landmark Supreme Court cases.
• Branches of Power - Control the three different branches of federal government.
• Cast Your Vote - Interview candidates for office in a debate setting and try to vote for the one you most agree with.
• Counties Work - Control a municipal government, balancing taxes with public services and helping the community grow.
• Court Quest - help citizens resolve cases by guiding them through the different parts of the court system.
• Crisis of Nations - As Commander-in-Chief, take military and diplomatic action to promote the national interest.
• Do I Have A Right? - field a team of specialist lawyers in Constitutional litigation cases.
• Do I Have A Right?: Bill of Rights Edition - field a team of lawyers with specialties in each of the first ten amendments.
• Executive Command - As President of the United States, take responsibility for giving the State of the Union speech, signing legislation, running the departments of the executive branch, negotiating with other branches of government and other nations, and deciding on military aid, war and diplomacy efforts.
• Immigration Nation - decide who is allowed to immigrate to the US by determining ther citizenship, work visa or refugee status.
• Lawcraft - Bring a bill through Congress, compromising with other legislators and adding amendments until it passes and becomes law.
• People's Pie - Control the budget for the federal government by selecting tax revenue, borrowing level, and spending programs which the public will approve.
• Power Play - Argue the respective advantages of state power and federal power.
• Represent Me! - As a legislator, strategically support bills which will help your constituents most.
• Responsibility Launcher - remind people of their civic duties and privileges as citizens of the United States.
• Supreme Decision - help decide a court case on student dress policy, similar to Tinker v. Des Moines.
• We The Jury - as a jurist, hear a case, weigh the arguments and evidence, and persuade fellow jurists to come to a specific conclusion on the case.
• Win the White House - manage a presidential campaign by strategically raising funds, polling voters, launching media campaigns, and making personal appearances. Attempt to win the majority of electoral votes.

Lesson plans

Lesson plans on iCivics are also provided for free, with content and curriculum guidance provided by iCivics staff. These plans emphasize student engagement by including activities such as crosswords and short quizzes as well as reference to their online games. Units of study include the history and development of the Constitution, the branches and levels of government, the rights and duties of citizens, politics and policy, and international affairs. Beyond education on government, there is also a unit on persuasive writing.^[25] A set of lessons developed with the Boys & Girls Clubs of America was designed to be used during their meetings instead of a traditional school period.^[26]

References

1. 1 2 3 4 5 iCivics, Inc. (2016). iCivics Annual Report 2015. Retrieved from https://www.icivics.org/sites/default/files/annual_report_2015.pdf
2. 1 2 3 "iCivics — MacArthur Foundation". www.macfound.org. Retrieved 2016-07-22. 
3. ↑ Curley, Jeffrey. "iCivics Celebrates Gaming Milestone". iCivics. Retrieved 19 July 2011. 
4. 1 2 "Cabengo » Our Courts". cabengo.com. Retrieved 2016-07-28. 
5. ↑ The Daily Show. "Justice O'Connor Interview". The Daily Show. Retrieved 18 July 2011. 
6. ↑ Jones, Ashby (4 March 2009). "Justice O'Connor: Not Only Smart and Moderate...But Funny!". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 18 July 2011. 
7. ↑ Zehr, Mary Ann (August 20, 2009 (updated August 25, 2009)). "Celebrities Lend Weight to Promote Civics Education". Education Week. Education Week. Retrieved 19 July 2011.  Check date values in: |date= (help)
8. 1 2 "Introducing our new site | iCivics". www.icivics.org. Retrieved 2016-07-28. 
9. ↑ Lat, David. "The ATL 'Do I Have A Right?' Challenge: Congratulations from Justice O'Connor". Above The Law. Retrieved 19 July 2011. 
10. ↑ Tsai, Charles. "Al Gore: 'Games Are the New Normal'". Huffington Post. Retrieved 18 July 2011. 
11. ↑ Editorial Board (17 June 2011). "Making History and Civics a Priority". Washington Post. Retrieved 19 July 2011. 
12. ↑ iCivics, Inc. (2012). Annual Report 2011. Retrieved from www.guidestar.org/ViewEdoc.aspx?eDocId=2772999&approved=True
13. ↑ "Our Team | iCivics". www.icivics.org. Retrieved 2016-07-25. 
14. ↑ "Law Matters Winter 2008 | Justice O'Connor Addresses NCSS Conference". www.americanbar.org. Retrieved 2016-07-25. 
15. ↑ "Our Approach - Our Courts America". ourcourts.org. Retrieved 2016-07-25. 
16. ↑ "iCivics - GuideStar Profile". www.guidestar.org. Retrieved 2016-07-25. Self-reported 
17. ↑ "Courting Kids". Retrieved 2016-07-26. 
18. ↑ Singer, Natasha (2016-03-27). "A Supreme Court Pioneer, Now Making Her Mark on Video Games". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-07-26. 
19. ↑ Lewis, Carrie, Jason Lancaster, Wilhelmina Savenye, and Nancy Haas. "A Formative Evaluation of the Balance of Power Game and Curriculum." The Journal of Applied Instructional Design 3, no. 3 (December 2013): 5-16.
20. ↑ Owens, Trevor (December 2010). "Effects of learning from a civics video game". Trevor Owens. Retrieved 2016-07-25. 
21. ↑ LeCompte, Karen; Moore, Brandon; Blevins, Brooke (Fall 2011). "The Impact of iCivics on Students' Core Civic Knowledge". Research in the Schools. 18 (2).  |access-date= requires |url= (help)
22. ↑ Kawashima-Ginsberg, Kei (December 2012). "Summary of Findings from the Evaluation of iCivics' Drafting Board Intervention" (PDF). CIRCLE. THE CENTER FOR INFORMATION & RESEARCH ON CIVIC LEARNING & ENGAGEMENT. 
23. ↑ "iCivics - GuideStar Profile". www.guidestar.org. Retrieved 2016-07-25. 
24. ↑ "Credits | iCivics". www.icivics.org. Retrieved 2016-07-22. 
25. ↑ "Lesson Plans | iCivics". www.icivics.org. Retrieved 2016-07-22. 
26. ↑ Boys and Girls Clubs of America. (2013). 2012 annual report. Retrieved fromhttp://www.bgca.org/whoweare/Documents/2012_Annual_ReportLOW.pdf

External links

• iCivics, official website