List of heads of state of Hungary

President of the
Republic of Hungary
Magyarország köztársasági elnöke

Incumbent
János Áder
since 10 May 2012
Residence Sándor Palace
Budapest, Hungary
Appointer National Assembly
Term length Five years, renewable once
Inaugural holder Mátyás Szűrös
Formation 23 October 1989
Website The Office of the President of the Republic:
keh.hu (in Hungarian; at October 2012, home page offered link to English module)
Hungary
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Hungary
Foreign relations
For earlier rulers, see Grand Prince of the Hungarians, King of Hungary and List of Hungarian monarchs

This is a list of heads of state of Hungary from the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 until the present day.

Currently, the head of state of Hungary is the President of the Republic (Hungarian: köztársasági elnök), elected by the members of the National Assembly every five years, and he or she has a largely ceremonial role. By the Constitution of Hungary, based on the post-World War II Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Hungarian Prime Minister has a leading role in the executive branch as he selects Government ministers and has the exclusive right to dismiss them.

The current President of the Republic is János Áder, who took office on 10 May 2012.

Heads of State of Hungary (1848–present)

Hungarian Revolution of 1848 (1848–1849)

Parties   Opposition Party

# Picture Name From Until Political Party Position(s)
1 Lajos Kossuth
(1802–1894)		 14 April 1849 11 August 1849 Opposition Party Governor-President
Also Prime Minister
until 1 May 1849
Artúr Görgey
(1818–1916)		 11 August 1849 13 August 1849 Revolutionary Army Acting civil and military authority

After the collapse of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, Hungary became an integral part of the Austrian Empire until 1867, when dual Austro-Hungarian Monarchy was created.

Kingdom of Hungary during Austria-Hungary (1867–1918)

Further information: List of Hungarian monarchs

Hungarian Democratic Republic (1918–1919)

Parties   F48P–Károlyi

# Picture Name From Until Political Party Position(s)
1 Mihály Károlyi
(1875–1955)		 16 November 1918 21 March 1919 F48P–Károlyi President of the Republic
Also Prime Minister
until 11 January 1919

Hungarian Soviet Republic (1919)

Parties   MSZP/SZKMMP   MSZDP

# Picture Name From Until Political Party Position(s)
1 Sándor Garbai
(1879–1947)		 21 March 1919 1 August 1919 MSZP/SZKMMP Chairman of the Central Executive Council
Gyula Peidl
(1873–1943)		 1 August 1919 6 August 1919
(deposed)		 MSZDP Acting Head of State
Also Prime Minister

Hungarian Republic (1919–1920)

Parties   KNEP   Independent

# Picture Name From Until Political Party Position(s)
1 Archduke Joseph August
(1872–1962)		 7 August 1919 23 August 1919 Independent
(Regent)		 Regent of Hungary
István Friedrich
(1883–1951)		 23 August 1919 24 November 1919 KNP → KNEP Acting Head of State
Also Prime Minister
Károly Huszár
(1882–1941)		 24 November 1919 1 March 1920 KNEP

Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)

  Independent

# Picture Name From Until Political Party Position(s)
2 Miklós Horthy
(1868–1957)		 1 March 1920 15 October 1944 Independent
(Regent)		 Regent of Hungary

Government of National Unity (1944–1945)

Parties   Arrow Cross Party

# Picture Name From Until Political Party Position(s)
1 Ferenc Szálasi
(1897–1946)		 16 October 1944 28 March 1945 Arrow Cross Party Leader of the Nation
De facto, appointed by the Germans
Also Prime Minister

Soviet-backed provisional governments (1944–1946)

Parties   Independent

# Picture Name From Until Political Party Position(s)
Béla Miklós
(1890–1948)		 21 December 1944 25 January 1945 Independent Head of State
Also Prime Minister
In opposition
High National Council 26 January 1945 1 February 1946 Multi-party Collective Head of State
In opposition to 28 March 1945

Hungarian Republic (1946–1949)

Parties   FKGP   MKP-MDP

# Picture Name From Until Political Party Position(s)
1 Zoltán Tildy
(1889–1961)		 1 February 1946 3 August 1948 FKGP President of the Republic
2 Árpád Szakasits
(1888–1965)		 3 August 1948 23 August 1949 MDP

Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989)

Chairman of the Presidential Council

Parties   MDP-MSZMP   Independent

# Picture Name From Until Political Party Position(s)
1 Árpád Szakasits
(1888–1965)		 23 August 1949 26 April 1950 MDP Chairman of the Presidential Council
2 Sándor Rónai
(1892–1965)		 8 May 1950 14 August 1952
3 István Dobi
(1898–1968)		 14 August 1952 25 October 1956
(3) 25 October 1956 14 April 1967 MSZMP
4 Pál Losonczi
(1919–2005)		 14 April 1967 25 June 1987
5 Károly Németh
(1922–2008)		 25 June 1987 29 June 1988
6 Brunó Ferenc Straub
(1914–1996)		 29 June 1988 23 October 1989 Independent

General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party

Parties   MDP-MSZMP

# Picture Name From Until Political Party Notes
1 Mátyás Rákosi
(1892–1971)		 February 1945 18 July 1956 MDP Also Prime Minister (1952–1953)
2 Ernő Gerő
(1898–1980)		 18 July 1956 25 October 1956
3 János Kádár
(1912–1989)		 25 October 1956 27 May 1988 MSZMP Also Prime Minister (1956–1958 and 1961–1965)
4 Károly Grósz
(1930–1996)		 27 May 1988 7 October 1989 Also Prime Minister (1987–1988)
5 Rezső Nyers
(1923–)		 26 June 1989 7 October 1989 Party President; outranked Grósz after 26 June

Hungary (1989–present)

Parties   MSZMP-MSZP   SZDSZ   Fidesz   Independent

# Picture Name From Until Political Party Position(s) Term
(Election)
— Mátyás Szűrös
(1933–)		 23 October 1989 2 May 1990 MSZP Provisional President of the Republic —
— Árpád Göncz
(1922–2015)		 2 May 1990 3 August 1990 SZDSZ Acting President of the Republic —
1 4 August 1990 4 August 1995 President of the Republic 1 (1990)
4 August 1995 4 August 2000 2 (1995)
2 Ferenc Mádl
(1931–2011)		 4 August 2000 5 August 2005 Independent 3 (2000)
3 László Sólyom
(1942–)		 5 August 2005 6 August 2010 4 (2005)
4 Pál Schmitt
(1942–)		 6 August 2010 2 April 2012
(resigned)		 Fidesz 5 (2010)
— László Kövér
(1959–)		 2 April 2012 10 May 2012 Acting President of the Republic —
5 János Áder
(1959–)		 10 May 2012 Incumbent President of the Republic 6 (2012)

Living former heads of state

There are three living former Hungarian Presidents and one living General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party:

Latest election

Hungarian presidential election, 2012[1]
Candidate Nominating party Votes %
In favor of János Áder Fidesz 262
Against Áder --- 40
Did not vote 79
Invalid votes 5
Total votes 307
Total seats 386 100.00

See also

References

  1. ↑ Staff (2 May 2012). "Hungary Elects Former Fidesz MP János Áder President". Magyar Távirati Iroda (via politics.hu). Retrieved 5 October 2012.
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