Haiphong

Hải Phòng City Thành phố Hải Phòng
Municipality
Nickname(s): Flamboyant City
Provincial location in Vietnam
Coordinates: 20°51′54.5″N 106°41′01.8″E / 20.865139°N 106.683833°E / 20.865139; 106.683833
Country	Vietnam
Government
• Party Secretary:	Lê Văn Thành
• People's Council Chairman:	Dương Anh Điền
• People's Committee Chairman:	Lê Văn Thành
Area
• Total	1,527.4 km2 (589.7 sq mi)
Population (2015)[1]
• Total	2.103.500 (3rd in Vietnam)
• Density	1,274/km2 (3,300/sq mi)
Time zone	ICT (UTC+07:00)
• Summer (DST)	No DST (UTC+7)
Area codes	225
Climate	Cwa
Website	Official website

Haiphong (Vietnamese: Hải Phòng,  listen) is the third largest city of Vietnam with population of over two million people. The city's name means "coastal defense" and it is nicknamed the Flamboyant City because of the many flame trees planted throughout it. Haiphong is Northern Vietnam's most important seaport and has many industrial parks invested by multinational corporations. In Vietnam, only Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City are larger than Haiphong.

Economy

Haiphong is a major economic center of the North in particular and Vietnam in general both. Under French domination, Haiphong was level 1 city, equal to Saigon and Hanoi. The last years of the 19th century, the French had proposed to build Haiphong into the economic capital of Indochina.^[2] Today, Haiphong is still one of the most important economic center of Vietnam. In 2009, Haiphong state budget revenue reached 34,000 billion Vnd . In 2011, budget revenues in the city reached 47 725 billion, increase 19% compared to 2010.^[3] In 2015, total revenues of the city reached 56 288 billion . Government plans that to 2020, Haiphong's revenues will be over 80,000 billion and the domestic revenue reached 20.000 billion. In the ranking of the Provincial Competitiveness Index (PCI) 2013 of Vietnam, Haiphong city ranked at No. 15/63 provinces.^[4] Haiphong has relationship of trading goods with more than 40 countries and territories around the world. Haiphong is striving to become one of the largest commercial centers of the country.^[5]

Industry

Industry is a key sector in Haiphong including food processing, light industries and heavy industries. Major products include fish sauce, beer, cigarettes, textiles, paper, plastic pipes, cement, iron, pharmaceuticals, electric fans, motorbikes, steel pipes and ships and out-sourcing software implementation.^[6] Most of these industries have been growing significantly between 2000 and 2007, with the exceptions of the cigarette and pharmaceutical industries. Shipbuilding, steel pipes, plastic pipes and textiles are among the industries with the most rapid growth.^[6]

There are also growing industries supplying products used by existing industries in the city. PetroVietnam set up a joint-venture PVTex with textile manufacturer Vinatex to build Vietnam's first polyester fiber plant in Haiphong. The factory will use by-products from oil-refining and reduce reliance on imported materials.^[7] 270,600 people were employed in Haiphong's industry. 112,600 industrial jobs were created between 2000 and 2007.^[6]

Agriculture, forestry and fishery

Despite its status as a city, around one third of Haiphong's area or 52,300 ha (as of 2007) are used for agriculture. Rice is the most important crop, taking up around 80% of the agricultural land with an output of 463,100 tons in 2007.^[6] Other agricultural products include maize, sugar and peanuts.^[6]

Haiphong has a relatively large fishing sector with an output of 79,705 tons (2007). Gross output has almost doubled between 2000 and 2007, mostly due to fast growth in aquaculture, which made up 60% of gross output in 2007. Despite its coastal location, sea fish contribute relatively little to the sector (around one fourth). Nam Định Province and Thái Bình Province have much larger fishing sectors and even the inland Hải Dương Province has a larger gross output from fishing than Haiphong.^[6]

As of 2007, 315,500 were employed in agriculture and fishery, a significant decrease from 396,300 in 2000. However, these sectors still account for almost a third of total employment in Haiphong, a larger share than industry.^[6] However, gross output in both agriculture and fishery have been growing significantly between 2000 and 2007.

Infrastructure

Transport

Sea links

Haiphong port is one of the largest ports in Vietnam and south-east Asia as a whole. The Port of Haiphong on the Cấm River is divided into three main docks: Hoang Dieu (Central terminal) located near the city's center, Chua Ve, and Dinh Vu both farther downstream to the east.^[8] Several ferry terminals connect Haiphong with the neighboring Cát Hải and Cát Bà Islands; Ben Binh Ferry terminal is located near the city center while Dinh Vu Ferry is located on a spit of land on the coast. The government had approved the plans to build an international port in Lach Huyen – 15 kilometers from the current port. Once completed this will be one of the deepest port in Vietnam with draft of 14m, capable of receiving ships up to 100.000 DWT.

Land routes

Haiphong is located at the junction of two National Highways: Route 5, leading west to Hanoi, and Route 10, leading south to Nam Định and onward to connect with National Route 1A at Ninh Bình. Highway 356 passes west–east from the Route 5/10 junction through Haiphong's city center all the way to the coast. A connecting road from route 5 to route 18 links Haiphong with Quảng Ninh Province. In 2015, the new highway connecting Haiphong with Hanoi was completed; this is the most modern highway in Vietnam and reduces the trip by one hour as compared to the previous route.^[9]

Within the city there are several long-distance bus depots: Niem Nghia, Cau Rao.

Air travel

The main airport serving Haiphong is Cat Bi International Airport with three flights daily to Ho Chi Minh city. In April, 2011 Vietnam Airlines launched routes to Da Nang with 5 flights a week. An international airport for Haiphong, situated in Tien Lang district, is in the planning stages; if realized it would become the largest airport in northern Vietnam.

Rail links

Hai Phong Railway Station built in 1902 is the eastern terminus of the Kunming–Hai Phong Railway, also known as the Yunnan–Vietnam Railway. Built at by the French during their occupation, the railway once connected Haiphong to the city of Kunming in Yunnan, China, although service along the Chinese portion of the line is currently suspended. Rail travel from Haiphong with connections to the rest of the Vietnamese railway network is via Hanoi.

Education

• Hai Phong Medical University
• Haiphong University
• Vietnam Maritime University
• Haiphong private University

History

To the Mac Dynasty

Haiphong is the home of Lê Chân, one of the female generals under the command of the Trưng Sisters who rose against Chinese rule in 40 AD and ruled until their defeat in 43 AD. Centuries later under the Mạc Dynasty the area earned the appellation Hải tần Phòng thủ ("defensive coastal area") as it protected the eastern flank of Mac kings' home province.

Nguyen Dynasty

By the 19th century at the end of Nguyễn Emperor Tự Đức's reign, the Hang Kenh Communal House in what is now the city's Le Chan district was made the administrative seat of An Dương District, restoring its regional importance.^[10] The area by then had developed into a sizable commercial port.

At the eve of the French conquest in 1881, a devastating typhoon ravaged the area, claiming up to 300,000 lives. Despite the damages, Haiphong was developed by the French to serve as Indochina's main naval base over the ensuing decades.

Democratic Republic of Vietnam & the Vietnam War

Following the defeat of Japan in World War II, Vietnamese nationalists agitated for independence against the French return. French forces landed in Haiphong and encountered resistance which killed three French troops. In retaliation the French ships, among them the cruiser Suffren, shelled the city, setting it ablaze^[11] and precipitating the First Indochina War.^[12][13] French infantry forces under the command of Jean-Étienne Valluy entered the city, fighting house to house with the support of armored units and airplanes.^[14]

Late in the Vietnam War, Haiphong was subjected to heavy bombing by US Navy and Air Force strike aircraft because it was North Vietnam's only major port. U.S. Admiral Thomas H. Moorer ordered the mining of Haiphong harbor on 8 May 1972, effectively sealing the port. Until it was lifted, the mining caused no casualty.^[15][16] Despite being targeted, the physical structure of the city was mostly unaffected by the war as the US had a self-imposed prohibition zone for the city. After the war, the city recovered its role as a significant industrial center.^[10]

Demographics

Haiphong is the third most populous city in Vietnam, with a population of 2.103.500 for the metropolitan area (2015), encompassing an area of 1,507.57 km², 46,1 % of population reside in the urban districts.^[17] The gender distribution is half female (50.4%).^[18]

Population growth

As of the 2009 census, Haiphong's average annual population growth rate was given as 4.0%. Haiphong's crude birth rate was recorded at 18.1 live births per 1000 persons vs the crude death rate of 7.6 per 1000 persons. Life expectancy at birth was estimated at 77.1 years for women and 72.0 years for men, or 74.5 years overall. Infant mortality rate was measured at 11.8 infant deaths per 1000 live births, just over two points above the nation's average for urban areas. In the same census, the city's out-migration was 1.9% vs in-migration of 2.8% and, for a net migration rate of 0.9%.^[18]

Geography

Haiphong is a coastal city located at the mouth of the Cấm River (Forbidden River), in Vietnam's north-eastern coastal area, 120 km east of Hanoi. The Bính Bridge crosses the Cam and connects the city with Thủy Nguyên District. It has a total natural area of 152,318.49ha (2001). It borders Quảng Ninh Province to the north, Hải Dương Province to the west, Thái Bình Province to the south, and the Gulf of Tonkin to the east. Bach Long Vi island, Cat Ba Island and the Long Châu islands, located in the Gulf, are also administered as part of the city.

The city is located in a convenient position for transportation to domestic provinces, and international networks via road network, railway, sea routes, inland waterway and air.

NASA image of Haiphong

Climate

Haiphong features a humid subtropical climate, with hot, humid summers and warm, dry winters. The city is noticeably wetter from April through October; roughly 90% of the city's annual precipitation (which is approximately 1600 mm of rainfall) typically falls during these months. There is a noticeable difference in temperatures between the city's winters and summers. Haiphong's coolest months, January and February, sees average high temperatures reach 20 degrees Celsius and average low temperatures at around 14 degrees Celsius. Its warmest months, June and July, sees average high temperatures hover around 33 degrees Celsius and average low temperatures at around 26 degrees Celsius. Sea temperatures range from a low of 21 °C (70 °F) in February to a high of 30 °C (86 °F) during the months of July and August.^[19]

Administrative divisions

Haiphong is subdivided into 15 district-level sub-divisions:

• 8 rural districts:

• 7 urban districts:

They are further subdivided into 10 commune-level towns (or townlets), 148 communes, and 72 wards.

Table of local government districts

Notable people

• Mạc Đăng Dung (1483–1541) king of Đại Việt country, the founder of the Mạc dynasty
• Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm (1491–1585) thinker, poet, prophet, Cao Dai religion saint
• Mai Trung Thu (1906–80) painter
• Văn Cao (1923–95) musician, poet, painter and composer of the national anthem of Vietnam Tiến Quân Ca
• Ngọc Sơn (1970– ) singer, songwriter
• Trà Giang (1942– ) film actress (born in Quảng Ngãi Province, grew up and schooled in Haiphong)
• Phan Thị Hà Thanh (1991– ) artistic gymnast, first gymnast to win a world medal for Vietnam gymnastics (2011)
• Thu Phương (1972-) famous pop singer and Haiphong native; she now lives in the U.S.

Twin towns and sister cities

• Da Nang, Vietnam
• Incheon, South Korea
• Seattle, USA
• Tianjin, China
• Saint Petersburg, Russia
• Vladivostok, Russia
• Kitakyushu, Japan

Gallery

Du Hang Pagoda  Du Hang Pagoda Architecture  The City's Opera House  A Buddhist temple in Haiphong.  Haiphong Cathedral (2007)  Haiphong City International Exhibition Center

See also

• List of East Asian ports
• Haiphong Road

References

Notes

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Haiphong.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haiphong.

• Official Website of Haiphong City
• Official Website of Haiphong Tourism.
• History of Haiphong: interactive Google Map with specific sites and historic views of the city from French colonial times.

	Hải Dương Province		Quảng Ninh Province
			Gulf of Tonkin Guangdong,  China
		Haiphong
	Thái Bình Province	Gulf of Tonkin	Gulf of Tonkin Hainan,  China

Template:Vietnam

Cities in Vietnam
Centrally-controlled municipalities	Special-class Hanoi Ho Chi Minh 1st-class Cần Thơ Da Nang Hai Phong
Provincial cities	1st-class Biên Hòa Buôn Ma Thuột Da Lat Hạ Long Huế My Tho Nam Định Nha Trang Qui Nhơn Thái Nguyên Thanh Hóa Việt Trì Vinh Vũng Tàu 2nd-class Bà Rịa Bạc Liêu Bắc Giang Bắc Ninh Cà Mau Cẩm Phả Châu Đốc Đồng Hới Hải Dương Lào Cai Long Xuyên Ninh Bình Phan Rang-Tháp Chàm Phan Thiết Pleiku Quảng Ngãi Rạch Giá Tam Kỳ Thái Bình Thủ Dầu Một Trà Vinh Tuy Hòa Uông Bí Vĩnh Yên 3rd-class Bắc Cạn Bảo Lộc Bến Tre Cam Ranh Cao Bằng Cao Lãnh Điện Biên Phủ Đông Hà Đồng Hới Hà Giang Hà Tĩnh Hòa Bình Hội An Hưng Yên Kon Tum Lạng Sơn Móng Cái Phủ Lý Sóc Trăng Sơn La Tân An Tuyên Quang Vị Thanh Vĩnh Long Yên Bái

Hai Phong
Urban districts	Đồ Sơn Dương Kinh Hải An Hồng Bàng Kiến An Lê Chân Ngô Quyền
Districts	An Dương An Lão Bạch Long Vĩ Cát Hải Kiến Thụy Thủy Nguyên Tiên Lãng Vĩnh Bảo

Coordinates: 20°51′54.5″N 106°41′01.8″E / 20.865139°N 106.683833°E / 20.865139; 106.683833