Gnaphalium

cudweeds
Gnaphalium sandwicensium
from Hawai'i
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Gnaphalieae
Genus: Gnaphalium
L. 1753 not Adans. 1763
Type species
Gnaphalium luteoalbum[1][2]
L.
Synonyms[3]
  • Filaginella Opiz
  • Gnaphalium sect. Synchaeta (Kirp.) Kirp.
  • Gnaphalium sect. Omalotheca (Cass.) Endl.
  • Homognaphalium Kirp.
  • Gnaphalium sect. Eugnaphalium DC.
  • Synchaeta Kirp.
  • Dasyranthus Raf. ex Steud.
  • Gnaphalion St.-Lag.
  • Demidium DC.
  • Omalotheca Cass.
  • Dasyanthus Bubani
  • Amphidoxa DC.
  • Omalotheca subg. Gamochaetiopsis Sch.Bip. & F.W. Schulz
  • Gnaphalium sect. Eu-Gnaphalium O.Hoffm.

Gnaphalium is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family,[2][4] commonly called cudweeds. They are widespread and common in temperate regions, although some are found on tropical mountains or in the subtropical regions of the world.

Cudweeds are important foodplants for American painted lady caterpillars.

Species

Species in this genus include:[3]

  1. Gnaphalium adnatum
  2. Gnaphalium albescens
  3. Gnaphalium aldunateoides
  4. Gnaphalium americanum
  5. Gnaphalium andicola
  6. Gnaphalium antennarioides
  7. Gnaphalium antillanum
  8. Gnaphalium austroafricanum
  9. Gnaphalium badium
  10. Gnaphalium baicalense
  11. Gnaphalium cabrerae
  12. Gnaphalium calviceps
  13. Gnaphalium capense
  14. Gnaphalium caucasicum
  15. Gnaphalium cheiranthifolium
  16. Gnaphalium chimborazense
  17. Gnaphalium chrysocephalum
  18. Gnaphalium clemensiae
  19. Gnaphalium coarctatum
  20. Gnaphalium confine
  21. Gnaphalium coquimbense
  22. Gnaphalium crispatulum
  23. Gnaphalium cymatoides
  24. Gnaphalium decipiens
  25. Gnaphalium declinatum
  26. Gnaphalium demidium
  27. Gnaphalium diamantinense
  28. Gnaphalium dysodes
  29. Gnaphalium diminutivum
  30. Gnaphalium diminutum
  31. Gnaphalium dombeyanum
  32. Gnaphalium ecuadorense
  33. Gnaphalium englerianum
  34. Gnaphalium exilifolium
  35. Gnaphalium filagineum
  36. Gnaphalium filagopsis
  37. Gnaphalium flaccidum
  38. Gnaphalium flavescens
  39. Gnaphalium flavocephalum
  40. Gnaphalium frigidum
  41. Gnaphalium gayanum
  42. Gnaphalium genevoisii
  43. Gnaphalium glanduliferum
  44. Gnaphalium glandulosum
  45. Gnaphalium gnaphalioides
  46. Gnaphalium gnaphalodes
  47. Gnaphalium graveolens
  48. Gnaphalium grayi
  49. Gnaphalium griquense
  50. Gnaphalium hawaiiense
  51. Gnaphalium heleios
  52. Gnaphalium heterotrichum
  53. Gnaphalium hintoniorum
  54. Gnaphalium hoppeanum
  55. Gnaphalium indutum
  56. Gnaphalium jamaicense
  57. Gnaphalium jelskii
  58. Gnaphalium jujuyense
  59. Gnaphalium kasachstanicum
  60. Gnaphalium lacteum
  61. Gnaphalium landbeckii
  62. Gnaphalium leontopodium
  63. Gnaphalium leucopeplum
  64. Gnaphalium leucopilinum
  65. Gnaphalium limicola
  66. Gnaphalium linearum
  67. Gnaphalium mandshuricum
  68. Gnaphalium melanosphaeroides
  69. Gnaphalium meridanum
  70. Gnaphalium moelleri
  71. Gnaphalium montevidense
  72. Gnaphalium nanchuanense
  73. Gnaphalium nelsonii
  74. Gnaphalium norvegicum
  75. Gnaphalium palustre
  76. Gnaphalium panniforme
  77. Gnaphalium paramorum
  78. Gnaphalium parviflorum
  79. Gnaphalium pauciflorum
  80. Gnaphalium pedunculatum
  81. Gnaphalium pensylvanicum
  82. Gnaphalium perpusillum
  83. Gnaphalium peruvianum
  84. Gnaphalium phaeolepis
  85. Gnaphalium pichleri
  86. Gnaphalium pilulare
  87. Gnaphalium polium
  88. Gnaphalium polycaulon
  89. Gnaphalium polycephalum
  90. Gnaphalium pratense
  91. Gnaphalium pseudohelichrysum
  92. Gnaphalium psilophyllum
  93. Gnaphalium puberulum
  94. Gnaphalium pulchrum
  95. Gnaphalium purpureum
  96. Gnaphalium remyanum
  97. Gnaphalium rhodarum
  98. Gnaphalium robustum
  99. Gnaphalium roeseri
  100. Gnaphalium rossicum
  101. Gnaphalium rosulatum
  102. Gnaphalium ruricola
  103. Gnaphalium sandwicensium
  104. Gnaphalium schlimii
  105. Gnaphalium selleanum
  106. Gnaphalium simii
  107. Gnaphalium stagnalis
  108. Gnaphalium stewartii
  109. Gnaphalium stolonatum
  110. Gnaphalium supinum
  111. Gnaphalium sylvaticum
  112. Gnaphalium tarapacanum
  113. Gnaphalium thomsonii
  114. Gnaphalium tranzschelii
  115. Gnaphalium uliginosum
  116. Gnaphalium unionis
  117. Gnaphalium ustulatum
  118. Gnaphalium versatile
  119. Gnaphalium vestitum
  120. Gnaphalium viravira
  121. Gnaphalium yalaense
Gnaphalium spicatum, from Hooker's Flora Antarctica, 1844

Formerly included

Numerous species have at one time been included in Gnaphalium,[3] but are now considered to belong to other genera: Achyrocline, Aliella, Ammobium, Anaphalioides, Anaphalis, Anaxeton, Antennaria, Argyrotegium, Belloa, Berroa, Blumea, Castroviejoa, Chevreulia, Chionolaena, Chrysocephalum, Dolichothrix, Edmondia, Euchiton, Ewartia, Facelis, Filago, Galeomma, Gamochaeta, Gnomophalium, Helichrysum, Ifloga, Laphangium, Lasiopogon, Leontonyx, Leontopodium, Leucogenes, Logfia, Lucilia, Luciliocline, Metalasia, Micropsis, Neojeffreya, Novenia, Ozothamnus, Pentzia, Petalacte, Phagnalon, Pilosella, Plecostachys, Pseudognaphalium, Pterocaulon, Rhodanthe, Raoulia, Schizogyne, Staehelina, Stuckertiella, Syncarpha, Troglophyton, Vellereophyton, Xerochrysum

Secondary metabolites

Gnaphalium species are known to contain flavonoids and diterpenes. Recently, two unique caffeoyl-D-glucaric acid derivatives, leontopodic acid and leontopodic acid B formerly only known from Leontopodium alpinum (L.) Cass. were detected in various species of Gnaphalium together with similar formerly unknown compounds.[5]

References

  1. ↑ lectotype designated by Britton & Brown, Illustrated Flora of North America 3: 453. 1913
  2. 1 2 Tropicos, Gnaphalium L.
  3. 1 2 3 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist search for Gnaphalium
  4. ↑ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 850-857 in Latin
  5. ↑ Cicek, S; Untersulzner, C; Schwaiger, S; Zidorn, C (July 2012). "Caffeoyl-D-glucaric acid derivatives in the genus Gnaphalium (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae)" (Free full text). Records of Natural Products (Gebze-Kocaeli , Türkiye). 6 (3): 311–315. ISSN 1307-6167.
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