Gladstone Pottery Museum

Gladstone Pottery Museum

The courtyard and bottle kiln
Location within Staffordshire
Established 1974
Location Longton, Staffordshire, England
Coordinates 52°59′12″N 2°07′53″W / 52.98667°N 2.131488°W / 52.98667; -2.131488
Type Industrial museum
Public transit access Longton railway station 10 mins by foot
Website http://www.stokemuseums.org.uk/visit/gpm/
Gladstone Pottery Museum
Inner courtyard of the museum

The Gladstone Pottery Museum is a working museum of a medium-sized coal-fired pottery, typical of those once common in the North Staffordshire area of England from the time of the industrial revolution in the 18th century to the mid 20th century. It is a grade II* listed building.[1]

The museum is located in Longton, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire. It is also included in one of the regional routes of the European Route of Industrial Heritage.[2] Despite the name of the museum, it is a complex of buildings from two works, the Gladstone and the Roslyn.[3] The protected features include the kilns. As there are less than 50 surviving bottle ovens in Stoke-on-Trent (and only a scattering elsewhere in the UK), the museum's kilns along with others in the Longton conservation area represent a significant proportion of the national stock of the structures.[4][5]

History of Museum

A pottery factory first opened on the site in 1787. It was run by the Shelley family who produced earthenware and decorated plates and dishes produced by Josiah Wedgwood in Etruria. The site was purchased in 1789 by William Ward who split it into two pot banks: the Park Place Works subsequently named the Roslyn works, and the Wards Pot Bank which was sold to John Hendley Sheridan in 1818.In the 1850s Sheridan had rented out the site to Thomas Cooper who employed 41 adults and 26 children to produce china and parian figures.

By 1876 the Wards site had passed into the hands of R Hobson and Co and had been renamed Gladstone, after the politician William Ewart Gladstone.[6]

The factory opened as a museum in 1974, the buildings having been saved from demolition in 1970 when the pottery closed (some ten years after its bottle ovens were last fired). In the 1990s ownership passed to Stoke-on-Trent City Council. The museum has shown its commitment to industrial heritage by functioning as a working pottery. However, production has had to be curtailed for financial reasons and the museum is therefore less of a "living" museum than it was.[7] As at 2014 the Middleport Pottery in Burslem, which is used for commercial production, is arguably the only working Victorian pottery in the city of Stoke-on-Trent.[8]

Process of making table-ware

The clay and ground bone were mixed in the sliphouse. Bowls plates and saucers were pressed, jiggered and jolleyed or moulded from the slip. The green (un-fired) china was left to dry in the greenhouse. At the same time the saggars that would hold them in the kiln were made.

The bottle oven kiln is protected by an outer hovel, which helps to create an updraught. The biscuit kiln was filled with clay sealed saggars of green (un-fired) flatwares (bedded in flint) by placers. The doors (clammins) were bricked up and the firing began. Each firing took 14 tons of coal. Fires were lit in the firemouths and baited every four hours, flames rose up inside the kilns, heat passed between the bungs of saggars. They controlled the temperature of the firing using dampers in the crown. The temperature was gauged by watching the contraction of bullers rings (a pyrometric device placed in the kiln). A kiln would be fired to 1250C.[9]

The biscuitwares are glazed. They fired again in the bigger glost kilns- again they are placed in sealed saggars, items separated by kiln furniture such as stints, saddles and thimbles. The table-ware would then be decorated by transfers or by painting and placed in the muffle kiln.[9]

The enamel kiln (or muffle kiln) is of different construction- it fired at 700C. The pots were stacked on 7 or 8 levels of clay bats (shelves). The door was iron lined with brick.[9]

When the kiln cooled the product was transported in basket and exported to different parts of the country and empire using the canal network and the ports on the River Mersey.[9]

Buildings

The museum is centred on the Roslyn pottery. It contains two biscuit ovens and two larger glost ovens. In addition are two enamel kilns. A tandem compound steam engine by Marshall & Sons, of Gainsborough, Lincolnshire is in place but it is turned by an electric motor. The two muffle kilns came from elsewhere.

Displays

The museum allows the visitor to explore the bottle kilns and exhibits the principal ancillary rooms: the engine house, the slip room, saggar making workshop. It shows aspects of working with clay- including hands on displays of throwing, moulding and decorating. Colour and gilding is presented as interpretive panels.

There is a gallery explaining the history of the tile: how it was pressed glazed and decorated. In one tableau the "Gladstone Vase" by Frederick Alfred Rhead is displayed. [lower-alpha 1]

There is also a gallery charting the history of sanitary ware, privies, earth closets and water closets.[12]

Media Interest

Gladstone has seen its share of celebrity interest, from Tony Robinson filming for a BBC documentary 'The Worst Jobs in Britain' and from Alan Titchmarsh. It also has regular visits from the Blue Peter crew, and numerous children's TV programmes. In 1986, parts 13 and 14 of the Doctor Who serial The Trial of a Time Lord were shot at the museum.[13] In the early 1990s it was featured on Noel's House Party with a live 'gunging' outside of the bottle kilns.

Gladstone pottery museum was featured on Living TV's popular series, "Most Haunted". Known as a site of paranormal activity, Gladstone has seen a recent surge in amateur and professional paranormal groups/mediums visiting the museum. The former Operations Manager, Ian Watson, was featured on the programme.

The museum featured in the third episode of the BBC One programme 24 Hours in the Past featuring six celebrities working in the Victorian era. The episode aired on 12 May 2015.[14][15]

Celebrations and Events

The Museum holds annual events from Halloween ghosts walks and tours, to Christmas Carol Concerts and seasonal festivals. It also caters for children with Egg Easter Hunts and Summer Pottery workshops.

See also

References

Notes
  1. ↑ The Gladstone Vase was decorated in pâte-sur-pâte. It was presented to W.E. Gladstone by the Liberals of Burslem in August 1888.[10] Contemporary sources describe it as:
    "In the centre is a symbolic figure of Liberty seated on a dais, and holding in one hand the scales of justice and in the other a broken chain. On the right is Homer and on the left Dante offering a poet’s tribute. Next to the central figure on the left are figures of a vestal in a pleading attitude and an historian recording the deeds done in the name of freedom. On the back of the vase in the centre is a figure of St. George, supported on one side by William Wallace and on the other by Brian Boru. There are figures of Ireland with bowed heads and Poland with mournful look and hair unbound. There are also figures of saucy children and a maiden bringing offerings of flowers. The figures are executed in white on a blackish or bottle green ground, and the general ground of the vase is of heliotrope tint, with quiet ornamentation".
    It is on loan from the Gladstone family.[11]
Footnotes
  1. ↑ Historic England (1195854).
  2. ↑ "The "Heart of England" Regional Route". Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  3. ↑ "Listed Buildings in Stoke-on-Trent and area". Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  4. ↑ "Bottle oven Conservation Scheme". Retrieved 30 November 2014.
  5. ↑ "Longton Conservation Area" (PDF). 2009. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
  6. ↑ http://www.stokemuseums.org.uk/visit/gpm/history/ History of Gladstone Pottery
  7. ↑ "Way we were". The Sentinel. 2014. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
  8. ↑ Tyler, Richard (2011). "Burleigh pottery saved". Telegraph. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Interpretation board at Gladstone Pottery Museum.
  10. ↑ http://www.invaluable.co.uk/auction-lot/attributed-to-frederick-alfred-rhead-1856-1933-545a-c-651a8664d8
  11. ↑ Mason, Peter (13 March 2014). "Frederick Rhead's Gladstone Vase". www.rheadpottery.com. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  12. ↑ "Anger at Museum's 1.3m Toilets Show". Daily Mail. 2001. Retrieved 30 November 2014. Accessed via Highbeam Research (subscription required)
  13. ↑ Mulkern, Patrick (30 June 2012). "The Trial of a Time Lord *". Radio Times. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
  14. ↑ http://www.radiotimes.com/episode/dkz9nw/24-hours-in-the-past--series-1---3-pottery
  15. ↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b05t5l7t

Bibliography

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Coordinates: 52°59′12″N 2°07′54″W / 52.9866°N 2.1317°W / 52.9866; -2.1317

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