German submarine U-203

History
Commissioning of U-203 in Kiel, February 1941; note the coat of arms for Essen on the conning tower and the ice
Nazi Germany
Name:	U-203
Ordered:	23 September 1939^[1]
Builder:	Germaniawerft, Kiel
Laid down:	28 March 1940^[1]
Launched:	4 January 1941^[1]
Commissioned:	18 February 1941^[1]
Fate:	Sunk 25 April 1943 by British aircraft and a British warship. 10 dead, 38 survivors
General characteristics
Class and type:	Type VIIC U-boat
Displacement:	769 tonnes (757 long tons) surfaced 871 t (857 long tons) submerged
Length:	67.10 m (220.1 ft) o/a 50.50 m (165.7 ft) pressure hull
Beam:	6.20 m (20.3 ft) o/a 4.70 m (15.4 ft) pressure hull
Draught:	4.74 m (15.6 ft)
Installed power:	2,800–3,200 PS (2,100–2,400 kW; 2,800–3,200 bhp) (diesels) 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp) (electric)
Propulsion:	2 shafts 2 × diesel engines 2 × electric motors
Speed:	17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) surfaced 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph) submerged
Range:	8,500 nmi (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced 80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth:	Calculated crush depth: 220 m (720 ft)
Complement:	4 officers, 40–56 enlisted
Armament:	4 × 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (bow) 14 torpedoes or 26 TMA mines 1 × 8.8 cm (3.5 in) deck gun with 220 rounds various anti-aircraft guns
Service record
Part of:	Kriegsmarine 1st U-boat Flotilla^[1] 18 February 1941 – 25 April 1943
Commanders:	Kptlt. Rolf Mützelburg^[1] 18 February 1941 – 11 September 1942 Oblt.z.S. Hans Seidel ^[1] 11–20 September 1942 Kptlt. Hermann Kottmann ^[1] 21 September 1942 – 25 April 1943
Operations:	11 patrols^[1] 1st patrol: 5–29 June 1941 2nd patrol: 10–31 July 1941 3rd patrol: 20–30 September 1941 4th patrol: 18 October – 12 November 1941 5th patrol: 25 December 1941 – 29 January 1942 6th patrol: 12 March – 30 April 1942 7th patrol: 4 June – 29 July 1942 8th patrol: 27 August – 18 September 1942 9th patrol: 15 October – 6 November 1942 10th patrol: 6 December 1942 – 7 January 1943 11th patrol: 3–25 April 1943
Victories:	21 ships sunk for a total of 94,270 GRT 3 ships damaged for a total of 17,052 GRT

German submarine U-203 was a German Type VIIC submarine U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.^[1]

Built as yard number 632 of Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft AG in Kiel, she was laid down on 28 March 1940, launched on 4 January 1941 and commissioned on 18 February under Kapitänleutnant Rolf Mützelburg.

U-203 carried out eleven patrols with the first flotilla and is credited with sinking 21 ships for 94,270 gross register tons (GRT) and damaging a further three for 17,052 GRT. She was a member of eleven wolfpacks.

She was sunk by British carrier-borne aircraft and a British warship southeast of Greenland in April 1943.

Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-203 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged.^[2] She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).^[2]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph).^[2] When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-203 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and an anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.^[2]

Service history

1st, 2nd and 3rd patrols

On 24 June 1941, nineteen days into her first patrol while en route from Kiel to St. Nazaire in France, U-203 attacked and sank the GRT 4,956 GRT British merchant ship Kinross, which was part of Convoy OB 336. Later that day, she attacked the 4,402 GRT Norwegian ship Soløy, which was with Convoy HX 133.

Arriving at St. Nazaire on 29 June, the crew of U-203 stayed ashore for another eleven days before the boat made her second patrol. Seventeen days into it, she attacked Convoy OG 69 which was sailing to Gibraltar. On the 27th, U-203 sank the 2,475 GRT British merchant ship Hawkinge. The British Lapland and the Swedish Norita, also OG 69 merchant ships, were sunk the following day, adding a further 1,330 GRT and 1,516 GRT respectively to the U-boat's record.

Six days into her third patrol she joined a wolfpack attack on Convoy HG 73 On 26 September she sank the British ships Avoceta and Lapwing and the Norwegian Varanberg, destroying another 7,362 GRT of shipping. Avoceta's sinking killed 123 people. The Convoy Commodore was aboard, but was one of the few dozen survivors.

4th, 5th and 6th patrols

Sixteen days into her fourth patrol, on 3 November, U-203 attacked and sank Empire Gemsbuck (5,626 GRT) and Everoja (4,830 GRT), British merchant ships of Convoy SC-52.

Twenty-one days into her fifth patrol on 15 January 1942, U-203 sank a small (632 GRT) Portuguese ship, Catalina. Two days later, the Norwegian ship Octavian would also be sunk. Four torpedoes were fired at the Canadian ship North Gaspe, which survived the attack. One torpedo detonated close to the ship, but none actually hit.

U-203's sixth patrol resulted in a total loss of 14,232 GRT to the Allies and two additional ships damaged, including the British merchant ships San Delfino and Empire Thrush. Damaged were the American tanker Henry F. Sinclair, Jr. and the Panamanian flagged tanker Stanvac Melbourne.

7th, 8th and 9th patrols

A seventh patrol beginning 4 June 1942, resulted in 32,985 GRT of shipping destroyed. The Brazilian Pedrinhas and the British Putney Hill were sunk on 26 June. Two days later the American Liberty Ship Sam Houston was torpedoed and then finished off with 43 rounds from the deck gun. The British Cape Verde was sunk on 9 July and the Panamanian tanker Stanvac Palembang on 11 July bringing the tally to five victories on this successful patrol.

The next 23-day sortie was unfruitful; however, the U-boat's commander, Rolf Mützelburg, died during this patrol on 11 September. Taking the opportunity to go swimming in the Atlantic southwest of the Azores, he dived from the conning tower and struck the deck with his head and shoulder when the U-boat lurched suddenly in the swell. The doctor from U-462, a 'Milk Cow' supply submarine, arrived the next day, but too late. Rolf Mützelburg was buried at sea on 12 September 1942 in position 36°14′N 31°21′W / 36.233°N 31.350°W / 36.233; -31.350. He was replaced by Kptlt. Hermann Kottman, who served as captain for the remainder of U-203's career.

Her ninth patrol, beginning 15 October 1942 and terminating 6 November, yielded two further ships sunk. The British merchantmen Hopecastle and Corinaldo (5,178 and 7,131 GRT, respectively) were sunk on 29 October and 30 October while traveling with Convoy SL-125.

Loss

U-203 undertook two more patrols, both unsuccessful. On 25 April 1943 while south of Cape Farewell, Greenland she was sunk by depth charges in position 55°05′N 42°25′W / 55.083°N 42.417°W / 55.083; -42.417Coordinates: 55°05′N 42°25′W / 55.083°N 42.417°W / 55.083; -42.417. She had been attacked by Fairey Swordfish aircraft operating from the British escort carrier HMS Biter and the British destroyer HMS Pathfinder. Ten men were killed, there were 38 survivors.

Wolfpacks

U-203 took part in eleven wolfpacks, namely.

Schlagetot (20 October – 1 November 1941)
Raubritter (1–5 November 1941)
Seydlitz (27 December 1941 – 7 January 1942)
Ziethen (7–22 January 1942)
Iltis (6–10 September 1942)
Streitaxt (20–30 October 1942)
Raufbold (11–22 December 1942)
Spitz (22–31 December 1942)
Lerche (10–16 April 1943)
Meise (16–22 April 1943)
Specht (23–25 April 1943)

Summary of raiding history

U-203 sank 21 ships and damaged three others for a total of 111,322 GRT.

Date	Ship	Nationality	GRT	Convoy	Fate^[3]
24 June 1941	Kinross	United Kingdom	4,956	OB-336	Sunk
24 June 1941	Soløy	Norway	4,402	HX-133	Sunk
27 July 1941	Hawkinge	United Kingdom	2,475	OG-69	Sunk
28 July 1941	Lapland	United Kingdom	1,330	OG-69	Sunk
28 July 1941	Norita	Sweden	1,516	OG-69	Sunk
26 September 1941	Avoceta	United Kingdom	3,442	HG-73	Sunk
26 September 1941	Lapwing	United Kingdom	1,348	HG-73	Sunk
26 September 1941	Varangberg	Norway	2,842	HG-73	Sunk
3 November 1941	Empire Gemsbuck	United Kingdom	5,626	SC-52	Sunk
3 November 1941	Everoja	United Kingdom	4,830	SC-52	Sunk
15 January 1942	Catalina	Portugal	632		Sunk
17 January 1942	Octavian	Norway	1,345		Sunk
21 January 1942	North Gaspe	Canada	888		Damaged
10 April 1942	San Delfino	United Kingdom	8,072		Sunk
11 April 1942	Harry F. Sinclair, Jr.	United States	6,151		Damaged
12 April 1942	Stanvac Melbourne	Panama	10,013		Damaged
14 April 1942	Empire Thrush	United Kingdom	6,160		Sunk
26 June 1942	Pedrinhas	Brazil	3,666		Sunk
26 June 1942	Putney Hill	United Kingdom	5,216		Sunk
28 June 1942	Sam Houston	United States	7,176		Sunk
9 July 1942	Cape Verde	United Kingdom	6,914		Sunk
11 July 1942	Stanvac Palembang	Panama	10,013		Sunk
29 October 1942	Hopecastle	United Kingdom	5,178	SL-125	Sunk
30 October 1942	Corinaldo	United Kingdom	7,131	SL-125	Sunk

Patrol log

Patrol	Departure	Date	Return	Date	Duration (Days)
1st	Kiel	5 June 1941	St Nazaire	29 June 1941	25
2nd	St Nazaire	10 July 1941	St Nazaire	31 July 1941	22
3rd	St Nazaire	20 September 1941	Brest	30 September 1941	11
4th	Brest	18 October 1941	Brest	12 November 1941	26
5th	Brest	25 December 1941	Brest	29 January 1942	36
6th	Brest	12 March 1942	Brest	30 April 1942	50
7th	Lorient	4 June 1942	Brest	29 July 1942	56
8th	Brest	27 August 1942	Brest	18 September 1942	23
9th	Brest	15 October 1942	Lorient	6 November 1942	23
10th	Lorient	6 December 1942	Brest	7 January 1943	23
11th	Brest	3 April 1943	Sunk	25 April 1943	23

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VIIC boat U-203". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
1 2 3 4 Gröner 1991, pp. 43-46.
↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U-203". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 9 December 2014.

Bibliography

Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945]. Der U-Boot-Krieg (in German). IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler. ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
Edwards, Bernard (1996). Dönitz and the Wolf Packs - The U-boats at War. pp. 117, 123, 137. ISBN 0-304-35203-9.
Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.

External links

Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VIIC boat U-203". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
Hofmann, Markus. "U 203". Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de (in German). Retrieved 31 January 2015.

German Type VII submarines

Type VIIA	U-27 U-28 U-29 U-30 U-31 U-32 U-33 U-34 U-35 U-36

Type VIIB	U-45 U-46 U-47 U-48 U-49 U-50 U-51 U-52 U-53 U-54 U-55 U-73 U-74 U-75 U-76 U-83 U-84 U-85 U-86 U-87 U-99 U-100 U-101 U-102

Type VIIC	U-69 U-70 U-71 U-72 U-77 U-78 U-79 U-80 U-81 U-82 U-88 U-89 U-90 U-91 U-92 U-93 U-94 U-95 U-96 U-97 U-98 U-132 U-133 U-134 U-135 U-136 U-201 U-202 U-203 U-204 U-205 U-206 U-207 U-208 U-209 U-210 U-211 U-212 U-221 U-222 U-223 U-224 U-225 U-226 U-227 U-228 U-229 U-230 U-231 U-232 U-235 U-236 U-237 U-238 U-239 U-240 U-241 U-242 U-243 U-244 U-245 U-246 U-247 U-248 U-249 U-250 U-251 U-252 U-253 U-254 U-255 U-256 U-257 U-258 U-259 U-260 U-261 U-262 U-263 U-264 U-265 U-266 U-267 U-268 U-269 U-270 U-271 U-272 U-273 U-274 U-275 U-276 U-277 U-278 U-279 U-280 U-281 U-282 U-283 U-284 U-285 U-286 U-287 U-288 U-289 U-290 U-291 U-301 U-302 U-303 U-304 U-305 U-306 U-307 U-308 U-309 U-310 U-311 U-312 U-313 U-314 U-315 U-316 U-331 U-332 U-333 U-334 U-335 U-336 U-337 U-338 U-339 U-340 U-341 U-342 U-343 U-344 U-345 U-346 U-347 U-348 U-349 U-350 U-351 U-352 U-353 U-354 U-355 U-356 U-357 U-358 U-359 U-360 U-361 U-362 U-363 U-364 U-365 U-366 U-367 U-368 U-369 U-370 U-371 U-372 U-373 U-374 U-375 U-376 U-377 U-378 U-379 U-380 U-381 U-382 U-383 U-384 U-385 U-386 U-387 U-388 U-389 U-390 U-391 U-392 U-393 U-394 U-396 U-397 U-398 U-399 U-400 U-401 U-402 U-403 U-404 U-405 U-406 U-407 U-408 U-409 U-410 U-411 U-412 U-413 U-414 U-415 U-416 U-417 U-418 U-419 U-420 U-421 U-422 U-423 U-424 U-425 U-426 U-427 U-428 U-429 U-430 U-431 U-432 U-433 U-434 U-435 U-436 U-437 U-438 U-439 U-440 U-441 U-442 U-443 U-444 U-445 U-446 U-447 U-448 U-449 U-450 U-451 U-452 U-453 U-454 U-455 U-456 U-457 U-458 U-465 U-466 U-467 U-468 U-469 U-470 U-471 U-472 U-473 U-475 U-476 U-477 U-478 U-479 U-480 U-481 U-482 U-483 U-484 U-485 U-486 U-551 U-552 U-553 U-554 U-555 U-556 U-557 U-558 U-559 U-560 U-561 U-562 U-563 U-564 U-565 U-566 U-567 U-568 U-569 U-570 U-571 U-572 U-573 U-574 U-575 U-576 U-577 U-578 U-579 U-580 U-581 U-582 U-583 U-584 U-585 U-586 U-587 U-588 U-589 U-590 U-591 U-592 U-593 U-594 U-595 U-596 U-597 U-598 U-599 U-600 U-601 U-602 U-603 U-604 U-605 U-606 U-607 U-608 U-609 U-610 U-611 U-612 U-613 U-614 U-615 U-616 U-617 U-618 U-619 U-620 U-621 U-622 U-623 U-624 U-625 U-626 U-627 U-628 U-629 U-630 U-631 U-632 U-633 U-634 U-635 U-636 U-637 U-638 U-639 U-640 U-641 U-642 U-643 U-644 U-645 U-646 U-647 U-648 U-649 U-650 U-651 U-652 U-653 U-654 U-655 U-656 U-657 U-658 U-659 U-660 U-661 U-662 U-663 U-664 U-665 U-666 U-667 U-668 U-669 U-670 U-671 U-672 U-673 U-674 U-675 U-676 U-677 U-678 U-679 U-680 U-681 U-682 U-683 U-701 U-702 U-703 U-704 U-705 U-706 U-707 U-708 U-709 U-710 U-711 U-712 U-713 U-714 U-715 U-716 U-717 U-718 U-719 U-720 U-721 U-722 U-731 U-732 U-733 U-734 U-735 U-736 U-737 U-738 U-739 U-740 U-741 U-742 U-743 U-744 U-745 U-746 U-747 U-748 U-749 U-750 U-751 U-752 U-753 U-754 U-755 U-756 U-757 U-758 U-759 U-760 U-761 U-762 U-763 U-764 U-765 U-766 U-767 U-768 U-771 U-772 U-773 U-774 U-775 U-776 U-777 U-778 U-779 U-821 U-822 U-825 U-826 U-901 U-903 U-904 U-905 U-907 U-921 U-922 U-923 U-924 U-925 U-926 U-927 U-928 U-951 U-952 U-953 U-954 U-955 U-956 U-957 U-958 U-959 U-960 U-961 U-962 U-963 U-964 U-965 U-966 U-967 U-968 U-969 U-970 U-971 U-972 U-973 U-974 U-975 U-976 U-977 U-978 U-979 U-980 U-981 U-982 U-983 U-984 U-985 U-986 U-987 U-988 U-989 U-990 U-991 U-992 U-993 U-994 U-1051 U-1052 U-1053 U-1054 U-1055 U-1056 U-1057 U-1058 U-1101 U-1102 U-1131 U-1132 U-1161 U-1162 U-1191 U-1192 U-1193 U-1194 U-1195 U-1196 U-1197 U-1198 U-1199 U-1200 U-1201 U-1202 U-1203 U-1204 U-1205 U-1206 U-1207 U-1208 U-1209 U-1210

Type VIIC/41	U-292 U-293 U-294 U-295 U-296 U-297 U-298 U-299 U-300 U-317 U-318 U-319 U-320 U-321 U-322 U-323 U-324 U-325 U-326 U-327 U-328 U-691 U-827 U-828 U-929 U-930 U-995 U-997 U-998 U-999 U-1000 U-1001 U-1002 U-1003 U-1004 U-1005 U-1006 U-1007 U-1008 U-1009 U-1010 U-1013 U-1014 U-1015 U-1016 U-1017 U-1018 U-1019 U-1020 U-1021 U-1022 U-1023 U-1024 U-1025 U-1063 U-1064 U-1065 U-1103 U-1104 U-1105 U-1106 U-1107 U-1108 U-1109 U-1110 U-1163 U-1164 U-1165 U-1166 U-1167 U-1168 U-1169 U-1170 U-1171 U-1172 U-1271 U-1272 U-1273 U-1274 U-1275 U-1276 U-1277 U-1278 U-1279 U-1301 U-1302 U-1303 U-1304 U-1305 U-1306 U-1307 U-1308

Type VIID	U-213 U-214 U-215 U-216 U-217 U-218

Type VIIF	U-1059 U-1060 U-1061 U-1062

Preceded by: Type II Followed by: Type IX List of U-boats of Germany

Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in April 1943

Shipwrecks	1 Apr: Lubiana 2 Apr: Melbourne Star, U-124 5 Apr: Ro-34, U-167, U-635 6 Apr: U-632 7 Apr: USS Aaron Ward, HMNZS Moa, U-644 8 Apr: USS Kanawha, U-733 9 Apr: Isonami 10 Apr: Trieste 11 Apr: HMS Beverley 14 Apr: Van Heemskerk, U-526 15 Apr: Archimede 16 Apr: HMS Pakenham 17 Apr: U-175 18 Apr: Empire Bruce, HMS Regent 21 Apr: Flora Alberta, HMS Splendid 22 Apr: USS Grenadier 23 Apr: U-189, U-191, U-602 24 Apr: El Estero, HMS Sahib, U-710 25 Apr: U-203 26 Apr: Limerick 27 Apr: U-174 28 Apr: Kamakura Maru 29 Apr: U-332, Wollongbar 30 Apr: Leone Pancaldo, U-227 Unknown date: USS Pickerel, U-376

Other incidents	4 Apr: Dover Hill 11 Apr: USS Albatross 30 Apr: Hermes

1942 1943 1944 March 1943 May 1943

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/12/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.