Georgije Magarašević

Georgije Magarašević (Adaševci, 10 September 1793 – Novi Sad, 6 January 1830), Serbian writer, historian, editor and publisher, dramatist, translator and collector of folk proverbs. He belongs to the same generation of Serbian writers as Dimitrije Davidović, Teodor Pavlović, Danilo Medaković, all of whom expressed in some degree their indebtedness to Dositej Obradović and Vuk Karadžić. Georgije Magarašević can be said to have brought philosophy out of the lecture hall and into the market place of life. By understanding and combining what was great and valuable in those divided and scattered endeavours, he became the true successor of Dositej. He is also mentioned as Đorđe or Djordje Magarašević is some texts.

Biography

He was born on the 10th of September 1793 in the Serbian village of Adaševci in Srem, in what was once the Serbian Military Frontier and today is Vojvodina, Serbia. He received his education in the Gymnasium and Theological College of Sremski Karlovci under teachers who inspired him with the enduring love of the classical authors, as we see from his translations. He went to the university of Pest as a student of philosophy and natural sciences. In 1813 he became professor at Sremski Karlovci's Theological College and in 1817 professor of history, literature and philosophy at Novosadska Gimnazija (the Gymnasium of Novi Sad).

He died of consumption at Novi Sad on the sixth of January 1830. He was 35.

Literary critic

He was naturally attracted to the study of the ancient and modern literature and history of his people, and in 1822 he published the firstfruits of his researches, under the title "Nove istroiceske pamtivostonosti zivota Napoleona Bonaparta". Magarašević was the first to tackle the question of literary history in a more consistent manner than those before him. In his three letters about Serbian literature published in the "Serbski letopis" (Serbian Annals), Magarašević made a distinction between universal literary history, literary history of a certain epoch, and national literary history of the "fatherland". He participated in the debate between the proponents of the vernacular and those of the Slavonic-Serbian language, and he considered Dositej Obradovic the first modern Serbian writer, though he also accepted some of Vuk Karadzic's ideas on the vernacular language "revolution" (then taking place). According to Magarašević, national literature could not be written in a dead or artificial language, only in a living everyday one, because literature was the mirror of a nation, its culture, its literacy, and its character. Imitating old literary models could be rewarding and illuminating but could not match the original because it lacked a national context, language and subject.

Works

Magarašević is the author of more than a hundred historical articles on subjects dealing with Serbian antiquities and cultural themes (plays, folk proverbs, etc.).

The most important of Magarašević's earlier works is his "Nove istroiceske pamtivostonosti zivota Napoleona Bonaparta"(Buda, 1822); "Istorija najvazniu politićni evropeiski priklocenij ot Vienskog mira 1809 do 1821 godine" (Vienna, 1823); "Kratka vsemirna istorija" (Buda, 1831); he also wrote "Putovanje po Srbiji" (1827); "Duh spisanija Dositejevi" (1830); "Dositejeva pisma" (1829); "Iz arhipastorskog rada mitropolita Pavla Nenadovića", in Brankovo kolo, XXXV, reprinted in 1903.

Founder of Serbski letopis

Magarašević may not get the credit as the founder of Matica srpska, however, he was the spark that ignited others (Gavrilo Bozitovac, Jovan Demetrović, Josif Milovuk, Petar Rajić, Andrija Rozmirović, Djordje Stanković, Jovan Hadžić, its first president) to make it happen. In fact, he had lots of encouragement from Lukijan Mušicki and Pavel Jozef Šafárik, the director of the Gymnasium at Novi Sad, where Magarašević was professor.^[1]

Matica srpska actually began in 1824 when the Austrian authorities permitted writer Georgije Magarašević, a professor at a gymnasium in Novi Sad, to publish a literary and scholarly journal entitled Serbski letopis (Serbian Annals). Magarašević had little financial backing but soon found benefactors who supported his efforts, and in time somehow the writers and editors of the publication developed into a learned society. It has also been the most lasting, for the society successfully overcame the pressures applied by mistrustful Austrian officials as well as later financial difficulties. With varying degrees of success but with great perseverance, it has continued to support and guide Serb intellectual endeavour, first as a part of the Habsburg Empire and much later in Serbia.

Magarašević was the first to tackle the question of literary history in a more consistent way than anyone else before. In his three editorials about Serbian literature published in the Serbski letopis, Magarašević made a distinction between universal literary history, literary history of a certain epoch, and national literary history of the "fatherland." He participated in the early debates between the proponents of the vernacular and those of the Slavonic-Serbian language (an uncoded, free mixture of Church Slavonic and Russian), and he considered Dositej Obradović the first modern Serbian writer, though he also accepted some of Vuk Karadžić's ideas to reform the Serbian language.

Magarašević at the time was active in the Serbian theater. The dramatists from that generation were Lukijan Mušicki, Jovan Hadžić, Josip Milovuk, Joakim Vujić, Dimitrije Tirol and Georgije Magarašević.

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References

Translated and adapted from Jovan Skerlić's Istorija nove srpske književnosti (Belgrade, 1921), pages 153-155