Geoffrey Studdert Kennedy
Geoffrey Anketell Studdert Kennedy, MC (27 June 1883 – 8 March 1929), was an Anglican priest and poet. He was nicknamed 'Woodbine Willie' during World War I for giving Woodbine cigarettes along with spiritual aid to injured and dying soldiers.
Early life
Born in Leeds in 1883, Studdert Kennedy was the seventh of nine children born to Jeanette Anketell and William Studdert Kennedy, vicar of St Mary's, Quarry Hill in Leeds. His father William Studdert Kennedy was born in Blackrock, County Dublin, Ireland in 1826. Geoffrey's paternal grandfather was Dean of Clonfert in County Galway Ireland from 1850 until his death in 1864. Because of his Irish forefathers, Geoffrey always maintained he was an Irishman.[1] He was educated at Leeds Grammar School and Trinity College, Dublin, where he gained a degree in classics and divinity in 1904.[2] After a year's training at Ripon Clergy College,[3] he became a curate in Rugby and then, in 1914, the vicar of St. Paul's, Worcester.[2]
Military career
On the outbreak of World War I, Studdert Kennedy volunteered as a chaplain to the army on the Western Front, where he gained the nickname 'Woodbine Willie'.[4] In 1917, he was awarded the Military Cross at Messines Ridge after running into no man's land to help the wounded during an attack on the German frontline.[5][6]
He wrote a number of poems about his experiences, and these appeared in the books Rough Rhymes of a Padre (1918), and More Rough Rhymes (1919).[4]
During the war he supported the British military effort with enthusiasm. Attached to a bayonet-training service, chaplain Kennedy toured with boxers and wrestlers to give morale-boosting speeches about the usefulness of the bayonet. [7]
Later life
After the war, Studdert Kennedy was given charge of St Edmund, King and Martyr in Lombard Street, London. Having been converted to Christian socialism and pacifism during the war, he wrote Lies (1919), Democracy and the Dog-Collar (1921) (featuring such chapters as "The Church Is Not a Movement but a Mob", "Capitalism is Nothing But Greed, Grab, and Profit-Mongering" and "So-Called Religious Education Worse than Useless"), Food for the Fed Up (1921), The Wicket Gate (1923), and The Word and the Work (1925). He moved to work for the Industrial Christian Fellowship, for whom he went on speaking tours of Britain.
His appointment as missioner for ICF released him from routine clerical duties to become an outspoken advocate for the working classes. One of his celebrated quotes was:
"If finding God in our churches leads to us losing Him in our factories, then better we tear down those churches for God must hate the sight of them."[8]
It was on one of these tours that he was taken ill. He died in Liverpool in 1929, exhausted at the age of 45, and poor people flocked to his funeral in Worcester, for the Dean of Westminster refused burial at the abbey because, he said, Studdert Kennedy was a "socialist".[9]
He is mentioned in the Divine Comedy song "Absent Friends": "Woodbine Willie couldn't rest until he'd/given every bloke a final smoke/before the killing," and in Finnegans Wake by Irish author James Joyce: "tsingirillies' zyngarettes, while Woodbine Willie, so popiular with the poppyrossies" (351).
Honours
Studdert Kennedy was awarded the Military Cross (MC) during World War I. His citation read:[5]
For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He showed the greatest courage and disregard for his own safety in attending to the wounded under heavy fire. He searched shell holes for our own and enemy wounded, assisting them to the dressing station, and his cheerfulness and endurance had a splendid effect upon all ranks in the front line trenches, which he constantly visited.
The Museum of Army Chaplaincy also honours Kennedy with a large display about his life. Furthermore, in February 2013, John Packer, Bishop of Ripon and Leeds unveiled a commemorative plaque in Ripon, North Yorkshire, to honour the Ripon Clergy College and Studdert Kennedy.[3][10][11]
Studdert Kennedy is commemorated with a feast day on the liturgical calendars of the Church of England and the Episcopal Church (USA) on 8 March.[12]
Works
- After War, Is Faith Possible? An Anthology by G.A. Studdert Kennedy, edited and introduced by Kerry Walters, Lutterworth Press, 2008.
- The Unutterable Beauty: The Collected Poetry of G. A. Studdert Kennedy, 1927. Diggory Press, ISBN 978-1-84685-110-0
- I Believe: Sermons on the Apostle's Creed by G. A. Studdert Kennedy, 1928. First published as Food for the Fed-up (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1921).
Notes
- ↑ Bunbury, Turtle, The Glorious Madness, Tales of The Irish and The Great War, Woodbine Wilie -- The Soldiers' Poet, p.85, Gill & Macmillan, Dublin 12 (2014) ISBN 978 0717 16234 5
- 1 2 "Geoffrey Studdert Kennedy". Spartacus Educational. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
- 1 2 "Remembering the vicar they called Woodbine Willie". Yorkshire Post. 16 February 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
- 1 2 "The Rev. Geoffrey Studdert Kennedy or Woodbine Willie". BBC News. 29 March 2010. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
- 1 2 The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 30234. p. 8384. 14 August 1917. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
- ↑ Holman, Bob (19 February 2013). "Church is central to tackling poverty - first world war hero's message is still relevant today". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
- ↑ Alan Wilkinson, The Church of England and the First World War, SCM Press, London, 1996, p. 136.
- ↑ "ICF history". www.icf-online.org. Retrieved 2016-03-20.
- ↑ http://www.theguardian.com/society/2013/feb/19/church-role-society-first-world-war
- ↑ "War hero Woodbine Willie is honoured". Darlington and Stockton Times. 15 February 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
- ↑ Catton, Richard (16 February 2013). "Paying tribute to Rev Geoffrey Studdert Kennedy, known as 'Woodbine Willie'". The Press. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
- ↑ "Holy Days". Church of England. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
References
- Geoffrey Studdert Kennedy: The Pastor and the Suffering God An OCMS lecture about Geoffrey Studdert Kennedy, given by Robert Ellis, 2005 February 15.
- Turtle Bunbury, The Glorious Madness, Tales of The Irish and The Great War,
Woodbine Willie - The Soldiers' Poet, pp. 82–91, Gill & Macmillan, Dublin 12 (2014) ISBN 978 0717 16234 5
External links
- "Kennedy, Geoffrey Anketell Studdert". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/38028. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- War! Lies! And a Packet of Fags!. A play by David Gooderson about the Great War and its aftermath—the story of “Woodbine Willie” (Studdert Kennedy). The play is based on extensive research into the life of Geoffrey Studdert Kennedy, including meetings with members of his family, and a detailed study of the background of the period.