GWR Dean experimental locomotives

During the 1880s William Dean constructed a series of experimental locomotives to test various new ideas in locomotive construction for the Great Western Railway.

Locomotives

No. 1

This locomotive appeared in 1880 as a 4-4-0T, but was rebuilt in 1882 as a 2-4-0T. It was withdrawn in 1924.

No. 7

Number 7 was built in 1886 at Swindon as a tandem compound 2-4-0 with 7 ft 0 ¹⁄₂ in (2.146 m) coupled wheels and outside frames. The 23 in (584 mm) diameter low pressure cylinders were in front of the high pressure cylinders, the pistons being carried on the same piston rod. Valves for the low pressure cylinders were below, and those for the high pressure cylinders above the cylinders. One set of valve gear drove each pair of valve spindles. This setup proved difficult to access for maintenance, and the locomotive was relegated to minor routes. It was broken up in 1890.^[1] The wheel centres were used in building No. 7 of the Armstrong class.^[2]

No. 8

Number 8 was built in 1886 as a 7 ft ¹⁄₄ in (2,140 mm) broad gauge convertible 2-4-0 tandem compound, the low- and high-pressure piston rods sharing a common crosshead. It had 7 ft 0 ¹⁄₂ in (2.146 m) driving wheels, six plate frames and a high-pressure boiler rated at 180 lbf/in² (1.2 MPa). The frames consisted of a double frame supporting the driving axleboxes, and an external frame from which the hornblocks for the leading wheels projected. Unsuccessful in its trials, it was never taken into stock or converted to 4 ft 8 ¹⁄₂ in (1,435 mm) standard gauge. In 1894 the wheel centres were used in a conventional standard gauge 4-4-0, No. 8 of the Armstrong class.^[3]

No. 9

This number started out in 1881 on a 4-2-4T, the only tank locomotive built by the Great Western Railway with single driving wheels (though not the only tank locomotive operated by the Great Western, which inherited some from the Bristol and Exeter Railway), these being 7 ft 8 in (2 m) in diameter and had unusually large 18 in × 26 in (457 mm × 660 mm) cylinders. It did little work as it was prone to derailing, indeed it did this in front of William Dean on its first trial move out of the shed.

In 1884 it was rebuilt as a strange-looking 2-2-2 tender locomotive with outside Stephenson's valve gear. In 1890 it was rebuilt with more conventional double frames and inside valve gear similar in style to the Queen Class. In this guise it was named Victoria in honour of Queen Victoria.

No. 10

A 2-2-2 locomotive that, as with number 9, was eventually rebuilt to be similar to the Queen class. In this latter guise it was named Royal Albert in honour of Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria.

No. 13

Tank locomotive number 13 first appeared in 1886 as a 2-4-2WT, or well tank. In this form it worked on the St Ives branch and also on the Watlington branch.

In 1897 it was rebuilt as a 4-4-0ST, or saddle tank. The large bunker and rear water tank were reduced in size. This allowed the rear carrying wheels to be removed, and a saddle tank fitted over the boiler. The frames were extended to allow the fitting of a bogie truck at the front. It continued to work on various branch lines, being loaned to the Liskeard and Looe Railway and later continuing to work on the Looe branch. It was also recorded on the Highworth and Brixham branches, and working in the Plymouth area, before finally moving to Swindon from where it was withdrawn in 1926.

Nos. 14 and 16

Two rather more conventional 2-4-0 express locomotives were turned out in 1888 and ran on the broad gauge. They were similar to the standard gauge 3206 Class Barnum's turned out in 1889 but with large 7 ft 0 ¹⁄₂ in (2,146 mm) in driving wheels.

Following the abolition of the broad gauge in 1892 they were renewed, reappearing as standard gauge 4-4-0 locomotives in 1894.

References

Sources

• Reed, P.J.T. (February 1953). White, D.E., ed. The Locomotives of the Great Western Railway, Part 2: Broad Gauge. Kenilworth: The Railway Correspondence and Travel Society. ISBN 0-901115-32-0. 
• Casserley, H.C.; Johnston, Stuart W. (1966). Locomotives at the Grouping: Great Western Railway. Shepperton: Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN 0-7110-0555-9. 1527/319/DXX 267. 
• Nock, O.S. (1977). Standard Gauge Great Western 4-4-0s: Part 1: Inside Cylinder Classes 1894-1910. Newton Abbot: David and Charles. ISBN 0-7153-7411-7. 
• Russell, J.H. (1975). A Pictorial Record of Great Western Engines, Volume 1. Oxford: Oxford Publishing Company. ISBN 0-86093-398-9.