HMS Niemen (1809)

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Niemen.
Combat de la frégate Niemen contre les frégates Aréthusa et Amethyst, by Jean-Baptiste Henri Durand-Brager
History
France
Name: Niémen
Namesake: Neman River
Builder: Chantier Courau Frères, Bordeaux
Laid down: May 1807
Launched: 8 November 1808
In service: January 1809
Captured: 6 April 1809, by the Royal Navy
United Kingdom
Name: HMS Niemen[1]
Acquired: 5 April 1809
Fate: Broken up in September 1815
General characteristics
Class and type: 38-gun fifth rate frigate
Tons burthen: 1,093 3794 (bm)
Length:
  • 154 ft 2 12 in (47.0 m) (gundeck)
  • 129 ft 1 34 in (39.4 m) (keel)
Beam: 39 ft 10 34 in (12.2 m)
Draught: 12 ft 5 78 in (3.8 m)
Sail plan: Full-rigged ship
Complement: 300 (later 315)
Armament:
  • French service
  • 28 X 18-pounder guns
  • 8 × 8-pounder guns
  • 8 × 36-pounder carronades
  • British service
  • Upper deck: 28 × 18-pounders
  • QD: 14 × 32-pounder carronades
  • Fc: 2 × 9-pounder guns + 2 × 32-pounder carronades

HMS Niemen was a Royal Navy 38-gun fifth-rate frigate. She began her career as the Niémen, a 44-gun French Navy Armide-class frigate, designed by Pierre Rolland. She was only in French service for a few months when in 1809 she encountered some British frigates. The British captured her and she continued in British service as Niemen. In British service she cruised in the Atlantic and North American waters, taking numerous small American prizes, some privateers but mostly merchantmen. She was broken up in 1815, at the end of the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812.

Construction and capture

Chantier Courau Frères at Bordeaux built Niémen to a design by Pierre Rolland, carrying 40 guns.[2] She was launched in 1808 but spent only months in French service.[3] She was commissioned at Bordeaux on 22 November 1808, but not completed until January 1809. On 4 April 1809 she sailed under the command of Commandant Jean Dupotet for Fort-de-France with stores and a substantial crew of 319.[2]

Two days later, as she was in the Bay of Biscay, she encountered three British vessels, including the 36-gun frigate HMS Amethyst, under the command of Captain Sir Michael Seymour.[4] Also sailing in company with Amethyst were the 36-gun HMS Emerald, (Captain Frederick Lewis Maitland), and the 38-gun HMS Arethusa, (Captain Robert Mends).[4]

Seymour, who had previously won fame by capturing the French frigate Thétis the previous November, gave chase at 11am.[4] After a sustained chase lasting all day, the Amethyst lost sight of the Emerald, which could not match the speed of the two others, and had failed to gain on the Niémen.[4] Seymour then wore his ship around and was able to bring himself close to the Niémen at 9.30pm.

The two ships began exchanging fire at 11.30pm, with Amethyst coming alongside at 1am on the morning of 5 April to exchange sustained broadsides. By 3am the Niémen had lost her main and mizzen masts, and her fire was slackening. The Arethusa then arrived on the scene, firing a couple of broadsides at the badly damaged French ship. At this point Niémen surrendered.[4] Other accounts report that during the night, Niémen maneuvered to capture Amethyst, when Arethusa came to the rescue and forced Niémen to strike her colours.[5]

Regardless, Niémen had surrendered, having lost 47 killed and 73 wounded, compared to eight killed and 37 wounded on the Amethyst.[4] Sir Michael brought her in as a prize, and was rewarded with a baronetcy for his actions in capturing the Niémen, and the earlier capture of the Thetis.[4] In 1847 the Admiralty authorized the issue of the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Amethyst 5 April 1809" to be awarded upon application to all British participants still living in 1847.[6]

HMS Niemen

The Admiralty purchased Niémen for the sum of £29,979 2s 10d in prize money; the Royal Navy took her into service and commissioned her as HMS Niemen.[7] Nieman arrived at Portsmouth on 26 April. There she underwent a Small Repair between August and November.[8] Her captor, Sir Michael Seymour, was appointed to command her in September 1809.[4]

At some point in late 1809 or early 1810 she captured the Portuguese brig Rio Douro and the American ship Orion.[9] On 15 May 1810 she left on a cruise in the Atlantic. On 30 November she captured Betsy.[10]

In 1811 she was on the Irish station, based at Cork.[8] On 3 January Niemen captured Danube, bound from New York to Bordeaux.[10] On 9 January she recaptured the brig Unanimity.[11] Then on 4 March Niemen captured the Charleston packet.[10]

Under Captain Thomas Young, and in company with Fortunee, Niemen captured the American brig Meteor on 26 July.[12]

During the year she took the American gun-vessel Charlestown, and the American schooner Purse, Captain Samuel Turner, sailing from New York to Bordeaux. The cause, at least in the case of Purse, was breach of the blockade of France. However, the crew of Purse recaptured their vessel, after killing Midshipman Sanders, the Prize Master from Niemen. On 29 May 1812 on her return trip to New York with a valuable cargo of brandy, wine, and silks, Purse encountered Armide. After a 14-hour chase during which Purse's fore-top mast was shot away, Armide captured her. Purse's master and crew were brought into Plymouth in irons.[13][Note 1]

On 4 December Niemen was in company with Armide when Armide captured the brig Female.[14]

On 21 January 1812 Niemen and Medusa captured Arno.[15] Then on 29 January Niemen captured Abigail.[16] Two days later, Niemen was in company with the British privateer Pheasant when they captured the American brig Hannibal.[15] Betsey followed on 18 March, with Medusa in company with Niemen.[15] Next, Niemen captured Vesta on 18 April.[16] Lastly, Niemen captured Lark on 28 April.[10]

In March 1812 Captain Samuel Pym was appointed to command Niemen however he actually took command after April. On 4 January 1813 Niemen sailed with a convoy for Saint Helena. On 19 December Niemen captured the ship Stockholm.[17]

In August or so, while Niemen was off Rochfort, she sent her four of her boats in to attack a convoy lying there. During the night, before the boats arrived, the convoy moved, except for one chasse-marée, which the boats captured. However, the tide turned and a French brig came out of the Loire. She succeeded in recapturing the chasse-maréec, as well as the 15-man crew of the British boat that had taken her. Niemen then sailed to North America to join a squadron under Admiral Sir John Borlase Warren, which had already left.[18]

On 19 December Niemen shared with Jaseur in the capture of Rising States. Jaseur shared her prize money, by agreement, with Belvidera and Narcissus.[19]

Niemen escorted a convoy to Bermuda in January 1814, and then spent 1814 on the Bermuda station.[8] Here she took some numerous prizes, most of them small schooners, but a few of greater import.

Also between 6 August and October, Niemen captured the following American vessels: the sloop James Phillip and the sloop Regulator.[30] Iin the period from 9 May to 4 October, Niemen also burnt 17 schooners or sloops ranging between 15 and 60 tons.[28]

Fate

Nieman was broken up at Deptford in September 1815.[8] Her name was perpetuated in a 28-gun sixth rate launched in 1820 as HMS Niemen.[7]

Postscript

In 1843 Jean-Baptiste Henri Durand-Brager made a painting of the battle, Combat de la frégate Niemen contre les frégates Aréthusa et Amethyst. It is at the Bordeaux Museum of Fine Arts but not on display.[31]

Notes and citations

Note

  1. Whether or not they stood trial for the murder of Sanders is not currently known.
  2. A first-class share of the prize money was worth £48 3s 1¼d; a sixth-class share, that of an ordinary seaman, was worth 6s.[26]
  3. A first-class share of the prize money was worth £46 3s 7¾d; a sixth-class share was worth 5s 6d.[26]

Citations

  1. Naval Database
  2. 1 2 Roche (2005), p.326.
  3. Sail and Steam Navy List. p. 48.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Annual Biography and Obituary. pp. 195–201.
  5. Naval History of Great Britain - Vol V
  6. The London Gazette: no. 20939. p. 242. 26 January 1849.
  7. 1 2 Colledge. Ships of the Royal Navy. p. 243.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Winfield (2008), p.178.
  9. The London Gazette: no. 16364. p. 616. 24 April 1810. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
  10. 1 2 3 4 The London Gazette: no. 16708. p. 464. 2 March 1813.
  11. The London Gazette: no. 16600. p. 862. 5 May 1812.
  12. The London Gazette: no. 16692. p. 113. 12 January 1813.
  13. Some Selected Reports from the Salisbury and Winchester Journal, 8 June 1812.
  14. The London Gazette: no. 16701. p. 281. 9 February 1813.
  15. 1 2 3 The London Gazette: no. 16713. p. 588. 20 March 1813.
  16. 1 2 The London Gazette: no. 16729. p. 948. 15 May 1813.
  17. The London Gazette: no. 17136. p. 491. 14 May 1816.
  18. Naval Chronicle, Vol. 28, p.159.
  19. The London Gazette: no. 17260. p. 1371. 17 June 1817.
  20. Lloyd's List,.
  21. National Maritime Digital Library - American Offshore Whaling Voyages: Lion. Accessed 20 September 2016.
  22. The London Gazette: no. 17259. p. 1344. 14 June 1817.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Vice-Admiralty Court.
  24. The Naval Chronicle, Jul-Dec 1814, p.171.
  25. Cranwell & Crane (1940), p.377.
  26. 1 2 The London Gazette: no. 17209. pp. 88–89. 14 January 1817.
  27. The Naval Chronicle, Jul-Dec 1814, p.508.
  28. 1 2 3 The London Gazette: no. 16993. p. 481. 14 March 1815.
  29. Cranwell and Crane (1940), pp.378-9.
  30. The London Gazette: no. 16966. p. 2467. 17 December 1814.
  31. Base Joconde (inventory numbers Bx E 399 and Bx M 5997)

References

  • Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8. OCLC 67375475. 
  • Cranwell, John Phillips, and William Bowers Crane (1940) Men of Marque: A History of Private Armed Vessels Out of Baltimore During the War of 1812. (W.W. Norton).
  • Lyon, David and Winfield, Rif (2004) The Sail and Steam Navy List, All the Ships of the Royal Navy 18151889 (Chatham).ISBN 1-86176-032-9
  • "No. XV. Sir Michael Seymour, of High Mount, County Cork, and friary Park, Devon, Bart. and K.C.B.; Rear-Admiral of the Blue; and Commander-in-Chief on the South American Station". The Annual Biography and Obituary for the Year 1835. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown. 1835. pp. 195–201. 
  • Roche, Jean-Michel (2005) Dictionnaire des Bâtiments de la Flotte de Guerre Française de Colbert à nos Jours. (Group Retozel-Maury Millau).
  • Vice-Admiralty Court, Halifax, Nova Scotia. American vessels captured by the British during the revolution and war of 1812.
  • Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 17931817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 1-86176-246-1. 

External links

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