Finnish parliamentary election, 1936

This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Finland

Parliamentary elections were held in Finland on 1 and 2 July 1936.[1] Following the election Prime Minister Toivo Mikael Kivimäki of the National Progressive Party was defeated in a confidence vote in September 1936 and resigned in October. Kyösti Kallio of the Agrarian League formed a centrist minority government after Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (National Coalition Party) refused to allow the Social Democrats to join the government. After Svinhufvud's defeat in the February 1937 presidential election, Kallio took office as the new President in March 1937, and he allowed the Social Democrats, Agrarians and Progressives to form the first centre-left or "red soil" ("red" for the Social Democrats and "soil" for the Agrarians) Finnish government. Aimo Cajander (Progressive) became Prime Minister, although the real strong men of the government were Finance Minister Väinö Tanner (Social Democrat) and Defence Minister Juho Niukkanen (Agrarian).

Background

Finland had clearly recovered from the Great Depression since 1933, and unemployment had been almost eliminated. Prime Minister Kivimäki wanted to continue in office and to broaden his narrow right-wing minority government. The new Finnish economic prosperity, and the growing contacts between leading Agrarians and Social Democrats, made alternatives emerge for the Kivimäki government. For the first time in the history of independent Finland, an Agrarian-Social Democratic government began to be seriously discussed and planned. Despite its noisy and vigorous activity, the far-right Patriotic People's Movement remained small. Under the leadership of Juho Kusti Paasikivi, the National Coalitioners moved towards the political centre, and rejected calls for a new electoral alliance with the Patriotic People's Movement. The election results showed that the Finnish political democracy and its two leading moderate parties, the Social Democrats and Agrarians, had been strengthened. The Depression-based fringe parties, the Small Farmers' Party of Finland and the People's Party, lost most of their seats, while the Patriotic People's Movement remained at fourteen deputies, and the moderate right (National Coalitioners) gained two seats. The divided Progressives (Prime Minister Kivimäki led their right wing, and Professor Cajander led their left wing) lost four seats.[2][3]

Results

Party Votes % Seats +/–
Social Democratic Party452,75138.5983+5
Agrarian League262,91722.41530
Swedish People's Party131,44011.20210
National Coalition Party121,61910.3620+2
Patriotic People's Movement97,8918.34140
National Progressive Party73,6546.287–4
Small Farmers' Party of Finland23,1591.971–2
People's Party7,4490.631–1
Others2,5020.2100
Total1,173,3821002000
Source: Tilastokeskus 2004[4] Suomen virallinen tilasto[5]
Popular vote
SDP
 
38.59%
ML
 
22.41%
RKP
 
11.20%
KOK
 
10.36%
IKL
 
8.34%
ED
 
6.28%
SPP
 
1.97%
Others
 
0.85%
Parliament seats
SDP
 
41.50%
ML
 
26.50%
RKP
 
10.50%
KOK
 
10.00%
IKL
 
7.00%
ED
 
3.50%
SPP
 
0.50%
Others
 
0.50%

References

  1. Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p606 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
  2. Seppo Zetterberg et al., eds., A Small Giant of the Finnish History / Suomen historian pikkujättiläinen, Helsinki: WSOY, 2003
  3. Sakari Virkkunen, Finland's Presidents I / Suomen presidentit I, Helsinki: WSOY, 1994
  4. Tiedosto "595. Eduskuntavaalit 1927–2003 (Tilastokeskus 2004)
  5. Suomen virallinen tilasto 29 A, XVII.
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