Fenclonine

Fenclonine
Clinical data
ATC code none
Identifiers
Synonyms CP-10188; Fenclonina; Fencloninum; NSC-77370; Parachlorophenylalanine[1]
CAS Number 7424-00-2 YesY
PubChem (CID) 4652
IUPHAR/BPS 5240
ChemSpider 4491 YesY
UNII R5J7E3L9SP YesY
KEGG D04143 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.229
Chemical and physical data
Formula C9H10ClNO
Molar mass 199.634 g/mol
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
Density 1.336 g/cm3
Melting point 240 °C (464 °F)
Boiling point 339.5 °C (643.1 °F)
  (verify)

Fenclonine, also known as para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), acts as a selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, which is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin.[2]

It has been used experimentally to treat carcinoid syndrome, but the side effects, mostly hypersensitivity reactions and psychiatric disturbances, have prevented development for this use.[3]

The effects of serotonin depletion from fenclonine are so drastic that serotonin cannot even be detected immunohistochemically within the first day after administration of a control dose. Tryptophan hydroxylase activity can be detected neither in cell bodies or nerve terminals. After one week 10% of control values (the baseline extrapolated for the study) had replenished in the raphe nucleus, and after two weeks from initial treatment as much was again detected in the hypothalamus region. Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) levels were at no time affected.[4]

It is used in scientific research in humans[5] and animals[2] to investigate the effects of serotonin depletion.

See also

References

  1. "Fenclonine" entry in Martindale – The Complete Drug Reference. Maintained in Martindale purely for archival purposes, and is no longer subject to revision and update. (Last reviewed: 2008-08-01; last modified: 2011-09-12). The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain 2014
  2. 1 2 Jouvet M Sleep and serotonin: an unfinished story. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1999 Aug;21(2 Suppl):24S-27S. PMID 10432485
  3. Kvols LK. Metastatic carcinoid tumors and the carcinoid syndrome. A selective review of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. (Am J Med. 1986 Dec 22;81(6B):49-55. PMID 2432781
  4. Early induction of rat brain tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) mRNA following parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) treatment. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1994 Mar;22(1-4):20-8. PMID 8015380
  5. Ruhé HG, Mason NS, Schene AH. Mood is indirectly related to serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine levels in humans: a meta-analysis of monoamine depletion studies. Mol Psychiatry. 2007 Apr;12(4):331-59. PMID 17389902


This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 9/2/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.