Edwin Butterworth Mains

Edwin Butterworth Mains
Born (1890-03-31)31 March 1890
Coldwater, Michigan
Died 23 December 1968(1968-12-23) (aged 78)
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Nationality American
Fields Mycology
Institutions Purdue University
(1916–1930),
University of Michigan
(1930–1960)
Alma mater University of Michigan
Known for Taxonomy of rust fungi, taxonomy of Cordyceps, taxonomy of Geoglossaceae
Author abbrev. (botany) Mains

Edwin Butterworth Mains (1890–1968) was an American mycologist. He was known for his taxonomic research on the rust fungi (Pucciniomycetes), the genus Cordyceps, and the earth tongues (Geoglossaceae).

Biography

Edwin Butterworth Mains was born on 31 March 1890 in Coldwater, Branch County, Michigan. The son of Benjamin W. and Mary Ann (Butterworth) Mains.[1] Mains began his undergraduate education at Michigan State University in 1909, but transferred to the University of Michigan in 1911. He earned his Ph.D. in botany from the University of Michigan in 1916 under the tutelage of Calvin Henry Kauffman[2] while investigating the parasite-host relationships of various rust fungi.[1] He was appointed Assistant Botanist at the Purdue University Agricultural Experimental Station by Joseph Charles Arthur in 1916.[3] He married Mary Esther Elder on 16 August 1917 in East Lansing, Michigan.[4] Mains was appointed Acting Director of the University of Michigan Herbarium following the illness of C.H. Kauffman in 1930 and was named Director in 1931.[5] Mains remained at the University of Michigan, both as a professor and as Director of the Herbarium, until his retirement in 1960.[1] Mains served as Chair of the Department of Botany at Michigan during World War II.[5] Mains remained in Ann Arbor following his retirement and died of a heart attack on 23 December 1968.[1] He was buried at Oak Grove Cemetery in Coldwater, Michigan.[6]

While at Michigan, Mains was active in the Ann Arbor Garden Club.[7] Mains was highly interested in photography and was a noted and exhibited photographer of nature. Mains was prominent in the development and use of color photography in mycological education.[1]

Mycological Contributions

Mains' early professional career was dedicated to the study of plant rusts (Pucciniales). He collaborated with Arthur and others on "The Plant Rusts (Uredinales)" in 1929, a major treatment of an economically important group of fungi. Mains continued working on rusts after transferring to Michigan, though most of his later studies focused on Cordyceps and the Geoglossaceae.[2] Mains' collections and research greatly enriched the University of Michigan Herbarium, which developed "from a position of obscurity to one of international prominence"[1] under his directorship.[1][2][3]

Mains was elected Vice-President of the Mycological Society of America in 1938, and President in 1942. Mains also served the Mycological Society of America as a counselor from 1943-1944.[8] Mains and C.L. Lundell investigated the flora of the high rain forest and mountain pine ridge in the southern El Cayo District, British Honduras in 1937.[5]

Taxa Described

Mains described a total of 80 new species, two new form, eleven new varieties, and made 20 new combinations of species. As of 2014, 55 of his species, both new forms, two varieties, and 18 recombinations are still accepted (having not been assigned to another genus or reduced to synonymy under previously published names). Mains also described five genera, three of which were later reduced to synonymy.[9][10]

  • Aplopsora Mains 1921
  • Bitzea Mains 1939 = Chaconia Juel. 1897
  • Scopella Mains 1939 = Maravalia Arthur 1922
  • Spumula Mains 1935
  • Tegillum Mains 1940 = Olivea Arthur 1917
  • Aecidium belizense Mains 1939 = Dietella belizensis (Mains) Z. Urb. 1990
  • Aecidium collapsum Mains 1939
  • Aecidium sebastianae Mains 1939
  • Aecidium subsimulans Arthur & Mains 1920
  • Aecidium yucatanense Mains 1935
  • Angiopsora cameliae (Mayor) Mains 1937
  • Akanthomyces angustisporus Mains 1950
  • Akanthomyces aranearum (Petch) Mains 1950
  • Angiopsora compressa Mains 1934 = Phakopsora compressa (Mains) Buriticá & J.F. Hennen. 1994
  • Angiopsora lenticularis Mains 1934 = Physopella lenticularis (Mains) Cummins & Ramachar 1959
  • Angiospora zeae Mains 1938 = Phakopsora zeae (Mains) Buriticá 1994
  • Aschersonia incrassata Mains 1959
  • Cerotelium dicentrae Mains & H.W. Anderson 1921 = Aplopsora dicentrae (Mains & H.W. Anderson) Buriticá & J.F. Hennen 1994
  • Cordyceps belizensis Mains 1940
  • Cordyceps fracta Mains 1957 = Elaphocordyceps fracta (Mains) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung & Spatafora 2007
  • Cordyceps grenadensis Mains 1954
  • Cordyceps hesleri Mains 1939
  • Cordyceps macularis (Mains) Mains 1939 = Ophiocordyceps macularis Mains 1934
  • Cordyceps michiganensis Mains 1934 = Ophiocordyceps michiganensis (Mains) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora 2007
  • Cordyceps monticola Mains 1940 = Ophiocordyceps monticola (Mains) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora 2007
  • Cordyceps olivascens Mains 1947
  • Cordyceps paludosa (Mains) Mains 1940 = Ophiocordyceps paludosa Mains 1934
  • Cordyceps parvula Mains 1959
  • Cordyceps petchii Mains 1959 = Ophiocordyceps petchii (Mains) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora 2007
  • Cordyceps salebrosa Mains 1947 = Ophiocordyceps salebrosa (Mains) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora 2007
  • Cordyceps singeri Mains 1954
  • Cordyceps smithii Mains 1939 = Ophiocordyceps smithii (Mains) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora 2007
  • Cordyceps subflavida Mains 1959 = Ophiocordyceps subflavida (Mains) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora 2007
  • Cordyceps tenuispora Mains 1957 = Elaphocordyceps tenuispora (Mains) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung & Spatafora 2007
  • Cordyceps thaxteri Mains 1939
  • Cordyceps trinidadensis Mains 1959
  • Cordyceps valliformis Mains 1957 = Elaphocordyceps valliformis (Mains) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung & Spatafora 2007
  • Cordyceps venezuelensis Mains 1947
  • Cordyceps washingtonensis Mains 1947
  • Cudonia grisea Mains 1940
  • Cudonia monticola Mains 1940 = Pachycudonia monticola (Mains) S. Imai 1950
  • Frommea mexicana Mains 1939 = Frommeëlla mexicana (Mains) J.W. McCain & J.F. Hennen 1990
  • Geoglossum difforme var. variabile Mains 1954 = Geoglossum difforme Fr. 1815
  • Geoglossum glabrum var. americanum Mains 1954 = Geoglossum glabrum Pers. 1794
  • Geoglossum glabrum var. elongatum Mains 1954 = Geoglossum glabrum Pers. 1794
  • Geoglossum glabrum var. heterosporum Mains 1954 = Geoglossum glabrum Pers. 1794
  • Geoglossum glabrum var. inflatum Mains 1954 = Geoglossum glabrum Pers. 1794
  • Geoglossum nigritum var. heterosporum Mains 1954 = Geoglossum umbratile Sacc. 1878
  • Gibellula formicarum Mains 1949 = Pseudogibellula formicarum (Mains) Samson & H.C. Evans 1973
  • Hirsutella liberiana Mains 1949
  • Hirsutella ramosa Mains 1949 = Tilachlidium ramosa (Mains) Mains 1952
  • Hirsutella stylophora Mains 1952
  • Hymenostilbe australensis Mains 1948
  • Hymenostilbe campanoti Mains 1950
  • Hymenostilbe lecaniicola (Jaap) Mains 1950
  • Hymenostilbe verrucosa Mains 1950
  • Hypocrella aurantiaca (Petch) Mains 1959
  • Hypocrella brasiliana (Henn.) Mains 1959
  • Insecticola clavata Mains 1950
  • Maravalia ascotela (Syd.) Mains 1938
  • Maravalia elata (Syd. & P. Syd) Mains 1939
  • Maravalia hygrophilae (Syd., P. Syd., & E.J. Butler) Mains 1938
  • Maravalia pressa (Arthur & Holw.) Mains 1939
  • Maravalia pura (Syd.) Mains 1939
  • Melampsora monticola Mains 1917
  • Mitrula morchelloides Mains 1935 = Scleromitrula morchelloides (Mains) T. Schumach. & Holst-Jensen 1997
  • Ophiocordyceps macularis Mains 1934
  • Ophiocordyceps paludosa Mains 1934
  • Ophionectria lloydii Mains 1958 = Torrubiella lloydii (Mains) Rossman 1977
  • Polycephalomyces paludosus Mains 1948
  • Polycephalomyces ramosus (Peck) Mains 1948
  • Prospodium cydistae Mains 1935
  • Puccinia belizensis Mains 1939
  • Puccinia chichenensis Mains 1935
  • Puccinia ciliata Mains 1939
  • Puccinia circumdata Mains 1935
  • Puccinia degeneris Mains & Holw. 1918 = Uredo degeneris (Mains & Holw.) Arthur 1924
  • Puccinia diutata Mains & Holw. 1918
  • Puccinia eatoniae var. myosotidis Mains 1932
  • Puccinia eatoniae var. ranunculi Mains 1932
  • Puccinia filiola Mains & Holw. 1918
  • Puccinia ichnanthi Mains 1939
  • Puccinia impedita Mains & Holw. 1918
  • Puccinia iridis f. australis Mains 1934
  • Puccinia iridis f. septentrionalis Mains 1934
  • Puccina nephrophyllidii Mains 1939
  • Puccinia oblata Mains 1939
  • Puccinia palicoureae Mains 1935
  • Puccinia phakopsoroides Arthur & Mains 1919 = Physopella phakopsoroides (Arthur & Mains) Cummins & Ramachar 1959
  • Puccinia ripulae Mains 1939
  • Puccinia rubigo-vera f. secalis (Erikss. & Henn.) Mains 1933
  • Puccinia rubigo-vera var. impatientis (Arthur) Mains 1933
  • Pucciniastrum alaskanum Mains 1939
  • Ravenelia bifenestrata Mains 1935
  • Scopella sapotae Mains 1956 = Maravalia sapotae (Mains) Y. Ono 1984
  • Skierka cristata Mains 1939
  • Skierka diploglottidis (Cooke & Massee) Mains 1939
  • Skierka petchii (Syd.) Mains 1939
  • Skierka philippinensis Mains 1939
  • Sphaerophragmium fimbriatum Mains 1935
  • Spicaria pulvinata Mains 1949
  • Stilbum burmense Mains 1948 = Stilbella burmensis (Mains) Samson & H.C. Evans 1981
  • Tegillum fimbriatum Mains 1940 = Olivea fimbreata (Mains) Cummins & Y. Hirats 1983
  • Torrubiella arachnophila (J.R. Johnst.) Mains 1950
  • Torrubiella liberiana Mains 1949
  • Torrubiella pulvinata Mains 1949
  • Trichoglossum hirsutum var. heterosporum Mains 1954 = Trichoglossum hirsutum (Pers.) Boud. 1907
  • Trichoglossum hirsutum var. irregulare Mains 1954 = Trichoglossum hirsutum (Pers.) Boud. 1907
  • Trichoglossum hirsutum var. longisporum (F.L. Tai) Mains 1954 = Trichoglossum hirsutum (Pers.) Boud. 1907
  • Trichoglossum hirsutum var. multiseptatum Mains 1954 = Trichoglossum hirsutum (Pers.) Boud. 1907
  • Trichoglossum octopartitum Mains 1940
  • Trichoglossum tetrasporum var. yunnanense (F.L. Tai) Mains 1954 = Trichoglossum tetrasporum Sinden & Fitzp. 1930
  • Uredo anacardii Mains 1935
  • Uredo detecta Mains 1939
  • Uredo detenta Mains 1939
  • Uredo trigoniae Mains 1939
  • Uredo xyridis Mains 1939
  • Uromyces sepultus Mains 1935

Mycological Lineage

Mains belongs to the C.H. Kauffman Lineage of American mycologists.[11] Kauffman himself was influenced by Robert Almer Harper and George Francis Atkinson.[12] During Mains' tenure at the University of Michigan, he mentored or advised thirteen prominent mycologists:[11]

Mains' lineage of North American mycologists is large and widespread. Brodie, Fisher, Imshaug, Lowe, and Smith all mentored a number of students, including Joseph Ammirati, Howard E. Bigelow, Irwin M. Brodo, Robert Lee Gilbertson, Orson K. Miller Jr., and Harry Thiers, all of whom have been greatly influential in American mycology.

Eponymous Taxa

  • Mainsia H.S. Jacks 1931[13] = Gerwasia Racib. 1909[14]
  • Ravenelia mainsiana Arthur & Holw. 1918 [15]
  • Favolaschia mainsii Singer 1974[16]
  • Galerina mainsii A.H. Sm. & Singer 1958[17]
  • Gibellula mainsii Samson & H.C. Evans 1992[18]

Publications

Mains authored or coauthored more than 90 research publications and books:

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Smith, A.H. (1969). "Edwin Butterworth Mains". Mycologia. 61 (2): 449–451. JSTOR 3757233.
  2. 1 2 3 Rogers, D.P. (1977). A brief history of mycology in North America. Hamilton I. Newell.
  3. 1 2 Helser, L.R. (2013). "Mycologists Notebook 2". Retrieved 2014-02-21.
  4. ↑ Anonymous (1918). "Marriages". The Michigan Alumnus. 24: 53–55.
  5. 1 2 3 Shaw, W.B. (1951). The University of Michigan: An Encyclopedic Survey. 5.
  6. ↑ "Edwin Mains". Find a Grave Memorial. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
  7. ↑ Ann Arbor News (8 March 1939). "EB Mains AA News search results". Retrieved 2014-02-16.
  8. ↑ Simmons, E.G. (1965). "Past and present officers" (PDF). Mycological Society of America Newsletter. 16 (1): 56–57.
  9. ↑ GBIF. "Mains author search results". Retrieved 2014-02-21.
  10. ↑ R.B.G. Kew: Mycology, Landcare Research. "Index Fungorum". Retrieved 2014-02-21.
  11. 1 2 Blackwell, M.; Gilbertson, R.L. (1 August 2013). "A Genealogy of North American Mycologists". Retrieved 2014-02-21.
  12. ↑ Mains, E.B. (1932). "Calvin Henry Kauffman". Mycologia. 24 (3): 265–267.
  13. ↑ Jackson, H.S. (1931). "The rusts of South America based on the Holway collections - III". Mycologia. 23 (2): 96–116. doi:10.2307/3753764.
  14. ↑ Raciborski, M. (1909). "Über einige javanische Uredinae (Moose)". Bulletin International de l'Academie des Sciences de Cracovie Classe des Sciences Mathematiques et Naturelles. 3: 266–280.
  15. ↑ Holway, E.W.D.; Arthur, J.C. (1918). "Uredinales of Guatemala based on collections by E.W.D. Holway. II. Aecidiaceae, exclusive of Puccinia and form genera". American Journal of Botany. 5 (8): 420–446. doi:10.2307/2435170.
  16. ↑ Singer, R. (1950). "A monograph of Favolaschia". Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia. 50: 1–108.
  17. ↑ Smith, A.H.; Singer, R. (1958). "New species of Galerina". Mycologia. 50 (4): 469–489. doi:10.2307/3756110.
  18. ↑ Samson, R.A.; Evans, H.C. (1992). "New species of Gibellula on spiders (Araneida) from South America". Mycologia. 84 (3): 300–314. doi:10.2307/3760182.
  19. ↑ IPNI.  Mains.

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