Dicranolasmatidae
| Dicranolasmatidae | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Opiliones |
| Suborder: | Dyspnoi |
| Superfamily: | Nemastomatoidea |
| Family: | Dicranolasmatidae Simon, 1879 |
| Genus: | Dicranolasma Sørensen, 1873 |
| Species | |
| |
| Diversity | |
| 18 species | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Dicranalasma (typo) | |
The Dicranolasmatidae are a family of harvestmen with 18 described species in a single genus.
Description
Species of Dicranolasma range in body length from three to 6.4 mm. Most parts of the body are encrusted with soil particles. The anterior region features a large headlike "hood" with the eyes in center, which consists of two curved processes. The chelicerae and pedipalps are both hidden under the hood in adults and about half as long as the body. The legs are short. Immature forms are quite different from adults. The immature form of D. opilionoides was even described as a different genus (Amopaum). The hood develops only gradually, so in young Dicranolasma the relatively longer pedipalps are carried outside the hood.[1]
Distribution
Dicranolasmatidae occur mainly in the Mediterranean region northward to the southern Alps, the Carpathians, eastward to the Caucasus and Iraq, the Levant and southward to western North Africa.[1]
Relationships
The Dicranolasmatidae are closely related to the Trogulidae and Nemastomatidae, with Trogulus probably sister to Dicranolasma.[1]
The genus consists of five species groups:[2][3]
- D. scabrum group — Aegean Islands, Turkey, Caucasia, Middle East
- D. scabrum, D. opilionoides, D. hoberlandti, D. giljarovi, D. kurdistanum, D. thracium, D. ressli, D. ponticum, D. cretaeum.
- D. mladeni group
- D. cristatum group
- D. soerensenii group
- D. apuanum group
Name
The genus name Dicranolasma is a combination of Ancient Greek dikranos "two-headed" and elasma "plate", referring to the hood.[1]
Species
- Dicranolasma apuanum Marcellino, 1970 - Italy[4]
- Dicranolasma cretaeum Gruber, 1998 - Crete
- Dicranolasma cristatum Thorell, 1876 - Italy
- Dicranolasma diomedeum Kulczynski, 1907
- Dicranolasma giljarovi Silhavý, 1966 - Rhodos, Carpathians, Caucasus, Turkey[2]
- Dicranolasma hirtum Loman, 1894 - Sumatra?[5] or endemic to Italy?[4]
- Dicranolasma hoberlandti Silhavý, 1956 - Turkey
- Dicranolasma kurdistanum Starega, 1970
- Dicranolasma mlandeni I. M. Karaman, 1990 - Yugoslavia
- Dicranolasma napoli Goodnight & Goodnight, 1944 - Italy
- Dicranolasma opilionoides (L. Koch, 1867) - Greece, Sicily
- Dicranolasma pauper Dahl, 1903 — Italy[4]
- Dicranolasma ponticum Gruber, 1998 - Turkey
- Dicranolasma ressli Gruber, 1998 - Turkey
- Dicranolasma scabrum (Herbst, 1799) - southeastern Europe
- Dicranolasma soerenseni Thorell, 1876 — Italy, Sardinia, ...[4]
- Dicranolasma thracium Starega, 1976
- Dicranolasma verhoeffi Dahl, 1903 - Dalmatia
Footnotes
References
- Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog: Dicranolasmatidae
- Fauna Italia: Dicranolasmatidae
- Gruber, Jürgen (1998): Beiträge zur Systematik der Gattung Dicranolasma (Arachnida: Opiliones, Dicranolasmatidae). I. Dicranolasma thracium Starega und verwandte Formen aus Südosteuropa und Südwestasien. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 100(B): 489-537.
- Bayram, Abdullah & Çorak, İlkay (2007): A New Record for the Harvest Spider Fauna of Turkey: Dicranolasma giljarovi Silhavy, 1966 (Opilionida, Dicranolasmatidae). Turk J Zool 31: 9-12. PDF
- Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G. (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press ISBN 0-674-02343-9
Further reading
- Karaman, Ivo (1990): Dicranolasma mladeni, n.sp., a new harvestman (Arachnida, Opiliones) from Yugoslavia. Glasnik Prir. Muz. Beograd 45: 143-148.