Demographic history of Serbia

This article presents the demographic history of Serbia through census results. See Demographics of Serbia for a more detailed overview of the current demographics from 2011 census.

Censuses

Logo of the 2011 Census

Censuses in Serbia ordinarily takes place every 10 years, organized by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. The last census was in 2011. The censuses were organized in 2011, 2002, 1991, 1981, 1971, 1961, 1953 and 1948, during Communist Yugoslavia. During the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, censuses were conducted in 1931 and 1921; the census in 1941 was never conducted due to the outbreak of WWII.

The independent Principality of Serbia, had conducted the first population census in 1834; the subsequent censuses were conducted in 1841, 1843, 1846, 1850, 1854, 1859, 1863 and 1866 and 1874. During the era Kingdom of Serbia, six censuses were conducted in 1884, 1890, 1895, 1900, 1905 and the last one being in 1910.

Medieval Serbia

According to Dušan's Code, the legal code of Emperor Stefan Dušan, the people of the Serbian Empire were Serbs, Greeks, Albanians, Vlachs and Saxons.

Modern Serbia

The years after the Serbian Revolution saw frequent border changes of Serbia amidst the disintegration of the Austrian Empire and the Ottoman Empire.

1834 census

TOTAL = 678,192

1841 census

TOTAL = 828,895

1843 census

TOTAL = 859,545

1846 census

TOTAL = 915,080

1850 census

TOTAL = 956,893

1854 census

TOTAL = 998,919

1859 census

TOTAL = 1,078,281

1863 census

TOTAL = 1,108,668

1866 census

TOTAL = 1,216,219^[1]
Serbs = 1,058,189 (87.01%)
Romanians (Vlachs) = 127,545 (10.49%)
Roma (Gypsies) = 24,607 (2.02%)
Germans = 2,589 (0.21%)
other = 3,256 (0.27%)

1878 census

TOTAL = 1,669,337^[2]

1895 census

TOTAL = 2,493,770^[2]
Serbs = over 2 Mill. (ca. 90%)
Romanians (Vlachs) = 159,000 (6.43%)
Roma (Gipsies) = 46,000 (1.84%)

1910 census

TOTAL = 2,922,258

1921 census (excluding Vojvodina, including Kosovo and Macedonia)

TOTAL = 4,133,478
Serbs and Croats = 3,339,369 (80.87%)
Albanians = 420,473 (10.17%)
Vlachs = 159,549 (3.86%)
Turks = 149,210 (3.61%)
Germans = 5,969
Russians = 4,176
Slovenes = 3,625
Czechs and Slovaks = 2,801
Hungarians = 2,532
French = 717
Italians = 503
Poles = 286
English = 231
Ruthenians = 35
other (mostly Romani) = 44,002

1948 census

TOTAL = 6,527,966
Serbs = 4,823,730 (73.89%)
Albanians = 532,011 (8.15%)
Hungarians = 433,701 (6.64%)
Croats = 169,864 (2.60%)
Montenegrins = 74,860 (1.15%)
Slovaks = 72,032 (1.1%)
Bulgarians = 59,395
Roma = 52,181
Slovenes = 20,998
Macedonians = 17,917
Muslims by nationality = 17,315

1953 census

TOTAL = 6,979,154
Serbs = 5,152,939 (73.83%)
Albanians = 565,513 (8.10%)
Hungarians = 441,907 (6.33%)
Croats = 173,246 (2.48%)
Montenegrins = 86,061 (1.23%)
Muslims by nationality = 81,081 (1.16%)
Slovaks = 71,153 (1%)
Bulgarians = 60,146
Roma = 58,800
Macedonians = 27,277
Slovenes = 20,717

1961 census

TOTAL = 7,642,227
Serbs = 5,704,686 (74.65%)
Albanians = 699,772 (9.16%)
Hungarians = 449,587 (5.88%)
Croats = 196,409 (2.57%)
Montenegrins = 104,753 (1.37%)
Muslims by nationality = 93,467 (1.22%)
Slovaks = 73,830
Bulgarians = 58,243
Macedonians = 36,288
Yugoslavs = 20,079
Slovenes = 19,957
Roma = 9,826

Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 1961.
Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 1961.
Share of Serbs in Serbia by municipalities 1961.

1971 census

TOTAL = 8,446,591
Serbs = 6,016,811 (71.23%)
Albanians = 984,761 (11.66%)
Hungarians = 430,314 (5.10%)
Croats = 184,913 (2.19%)
Muslims by nationality = 154,330 (1.83%)
Montenegrins = 125,260 (1.48%)
Yugoslavs = 123,824 (1.47%)
Slovaks = 76,733
Romanians = 57,419
Bulgarians = 53,536
Roma = 49,894
Macedonians = 42,675
Rusyns = 20,608
Turks = 18,220
Slovenes = 15,957
Vlachs = 14,724

Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 1971.
Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 1971.
Share of Serbs in Serbia by municipalities 1971.

1981 census

TOTAL = 9,313,677
Serbs = 6,182,159 (66.38%)
Albanians = 1,303,032 (13.99%)
Yugoslavs = 441,941 (4.75%)
Hungarians = 390,468 (4.19%)
Muslims by nationality = 215,166 (2.31%)
Croats = 149,368 (1.60%)
Montenegrins = 147,466 (1.58%)
Roma = 110,956 (1.19%)
Slovaks = 69,549
Macedonians = 48,986
Bulgarians = 33,294
Slovenes = 12,006

Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 1981.
Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 1981.
Share of Serbs in Serbia by municipalities 1981.

1991 census

TOTAL (official estimation) = 9,778,991 (registered 8,182,141)
Serbs = 6,446,595 (65.92%)
Albanians (official estimation) = 1,674,353 (17.12%), registered 87,372
Hungarians = 343,800 (3.52%)
Yugoslavs = 323,643 (3.31%)
Muslims by nationality (official estimation) = 246,411 (2.52%), registered 237,980
Roma (official estimation) = 140,237 (1.43%), registered 138,799
Montenegrins = 139,299 (1.42%)
Croats = 105,406 (1.08%)

Estimated population:

Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 1991.
Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 1991.
Share of Serbs in Serbia by municipalities 1991.

Registered population:

Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 1991.
Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 1991.
Share of Serbs in Serbia by municipalities 1991.

1991 census (excluding Kosovo)

TOTAL = 7,822,795
Serbs = 6,252,405 (79.93%)
Hungarians = 343,800 (4.39%)
Yugoslavs = 320,186 (4.09%)
Muslims by nationality = 180,222 (2.3%)
Montenegrins = 118,934 (1.52%)
Croats = 97,344 (1.24%)
Roma = 94,491 (1.21%)
Albanians = 78,281 (1%)
Slovaks = 66,772 (0.85%)
Macedonians = 45,068 (0.58%)
Romanians = 42,316 (0.54%)
Bulgarians = 26,698 (0.34%)
Bunjevci = 21,434 (0.34%)
Ukrainians = 18,052 (0.23%)
Vlachs = 17,804 (0.23%)
others = 34,698 (0.44%)
regional affiliation = 4,841 (0.06%)
unknown = 47,949 (0.61%)
unspecified = 10,538 (0.13%)

2002 census (excluding Kosovo)

TOTAL = 7,498,001
Serbs = 6,212,838 (82.86%)
Hungarians = 293,299 (3.91%)
Bosniaks = 136,087 (1.82%)
Roma = 108,193 (1.44%)
Yugoslavs = 80,721 (1.08%)
Croats = 70,602 (0.94%)
Montenegrins = 69,049 (0.92%)
Albanians = 61,647 (0.82%)
Slovaks = 59,021 (0.79%)
Vlachs = 40,054 (0.53%)
Romanians = 34,576 (0.46%)
Macedonians = 25,847 (0.35%)
Bulgarians = 20,497 (0.27%)
Bunjevci = 20,012 (0.27%)
Muslims = 19,503 (0.26%)
Rusyns = 15,905 (0.21%)
Ukrainians = 5,354 (0.07%)
Slovenes = 5,104
Gorani = 4,581
Germans = 3,901
Czechs = 2,211
others = 11,711 (0.19%)
regional affiliation = 11,485 (0.15%)
unknown = 75,483 (1.01%)
unspecified = 107,732 (1.44%)

Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 2002.
Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 2002.
Share of Serbs in Serbia by municipalities 2002.

2011 census (excluding Kosovo)

TOTAL = 7,186,862
Serbs = 5,988,150 (83.32%)
Hungarians = 253,899 (3.53%)
Roma = 147,604 (2.05%)
Bosniaks = 145,278 (2.02%)
Croats = 57,900 (0.81%)
Slovaks = 52,750 (0.73%)
Albanians = 5,809 (0.08%) (mostly boycotted the census, estimate c. 50,000 i.e. 0.7%)
Montenegrins = 38,527 (0.54%)
Vlachs = 35,330 (0.49%)
Romanians = 29,332 (0.41%)
Yugoslavs = 23,303 (0.32%)
Macedonians = 22,755 (0.32%)
Muslims = 22,301 (0.31%)
Bulgarians = 18,543 (0.26%)
Bunjevci = 16,706 (0.23%)
Rusyns = 14,246 (0.2%)
Gorani = 7,767 (0.11%)
Ukrainians = 4,903 (0.07%)
Germans = 4,064 (0.06%)
Slovenes = 4,033 (0.06%)
others = 17,558 (0.24%)
regional affiliation = 30,771 (0.43%)
unknown = 81,740 (1.14%)
unspecified = 160,346 (2.23%)

Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 2011.
Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 2011.
Share of Serbs in Serbia by municipalities 2011.

References

Sources

Pavlović, Mirjana; Prelić, Mladena (2015). "The state, statistics, minorities and power: Ethnic "others" in the Duchy and Kingdom of Serbia as viewed through the lens of national census". Glasnik Etnografskog instituta SANU. 63 (1): 147–165. doi:10.2298/GEI1501147P.
Barjaktarović, Mirko (1970). Zečević, Slobodan, ed. "O etničkom opredeljenju". Гласник Етнографског музеја у Београду. Etnografski muzej u Beogradu. 33: 69–92. GGKEY:PXCNL8YTPDP.

External links

Ethnic groups in Serbia

Serbs Hungarians Romani Bosniaks Albanians Croats Slovaks Montenegrins Vlachs Romanians Yugoslavs Macedonians Ethnic Muslims Bulgarians Bunjevci Rusyns Gorani Germans Jews Arabs Turks Greeks Chinese

See also Demographic history of Serbia

Demographic history of Europe

Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom

States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Kosovo Nagorno-Karabakh Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria

Dependencies and other territories	Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard

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