Deir el Ahmar

Deir el Ahmar دير الأحمر
Deir el Ahmar Location in Lebanon
Coordinates: 34°08′N 36°08′E / 34.133°N 36.133°E / 34.133; 36.133
Country	Lebanon
Governorate	Beqaa Governorate
District	Baalbek District
Elevation	3,770 ft (1,150 m)
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
• Summer (DST)	+3 (UTC)
Website	www.deirelahmar.com

Deir El Ahmar (Arabic: دير الأحمر‎‎) is a Lebanese town, located at 100 km from Beirut and 12 km northeast of Baalbeck in the Bekaa Valley in Lebanon.

Demography and religion

The population of Deir el Ahmar is approximately 23,000. The main religion is Christianity, most of them are Maronites. There are eight historical churches, including: Saint Joseph Church, which was completed on September 15, 1914; Our Lady of the Tower Church, which was built on the ruins of the temple of Jupiter; Saint Georges; Saint Nohra; Saint Michel, old and new; Saint Elie; Our Lady of Cultivation. The town serves as the center of the archbishopric of Baalbek–Deir El-Ahmar.^[1]

Geography

Deir el Ahmar's climate is mild during spring and autumn, dry and warm in summer, and cold during winter. The town has an altitude that ranges between 950 m and 1,150 m above sea level and receives heavy snow during the winter. For this reason some roads leading to the town may be temporarily closed during this period. Deir el Ahmar has an area of approximately 42 hectares (103.78 acres; 0.16 sq mi).

History

Roman period

Deir el Ahmar, like the rest of Lebanon, was part of the Roman Empire. During the third century A.D., the Roman emperor Caracalla built a temple for the God Jupiter in the vicinity of the village. The Temple of Jupiter would later become the center of the Jacobite Christians.

Byzantine period

During the Byzantine period the Saydet el Borj (Our Lady of the Tower) church was built on the ruins of the temple of Jupiter. Qasr el Benet (The castle of the King's daughter) was built near Chlifa during this time.

7th-16th century

From the 7th-16th centuries the Syriac, Jacobite and Arab people inhabited the area. The temple of Jupiter became the center for the Syriac-Jacobites Christians, who were ruled by the Arabs. There were two notable earthquakes in the area during this period, one in 1157 and the other in 1202.^[2]

16th-19th century period

During the period from the 16th-19th centuries, Maronite shepherds from Niha, Becharre and Aakoura established in the region around Deir el Ahmar, where better grazing was available.^[3]

19th century period

In the 19th century other maronite families from Becharre, Aakoura, Byblos and Batroun established and formed the village of Deir el Ahmar.^[3]

Deir el Ahmar has eight historic churches. The courtyard of Our Lady of the Tower has Greek inscriptions on its stone walls. Ruins of a cellar that reportedly dates to the Roman era are nearby the church.^[1] Our Lady of the Tower Church (Saydet el Borj) was built on the ruins of the temple of Jupiter during the Byzantine era. The Castle of the King's Daughter (Qasr el Benet) near Chlifa was also built during this period.

Origin of the name

Historians believe that the name of the village originated from the Aramaic, "Deir Ohmor’" which means "Monastery of the Lord's Brother." Since the word deir means monastery and the Arabic word for the color red is ahmar, some historians believe that the origin of Deir el Ahmar's name can be attributed to the large monastery in the area that was built with red stones, thus the name of the town can be literary translated to "Red Monastery.".^[1]

While the people who have lived in that period tell a different story which state that after the baptism of the pagan tribes living in the village the monks built a monastery on Jupiter's Temple (a present historical ruin in the village) which the pagans used for the worship of their gods, so villagers used to come every morning to the Mass before going to their work. The villagers got surprised one morning because they did not hear the Church bell toll and hurried to the monastery. They found the monks slaughtered like sheep, by the pagan tribes that fled away and came back to avenge their gods. The people were terrified to see blood all around the place, so they run back shouting: "The monastery is red...." in Arabic: " Al Deir Ahmar " the "Al" was cancelled and the village as called "Deir El Ahmar".

Society and traditions

Traditions

The people of Deir el Ahmar are known for keeping the rural Lebanese traditions including cooking traditional food such as Mezzeh, Tabbouleh and Kebbeh. Wedding ceremonies including traditional songs, dances, poems (zaffeh) and religious ceremonies. Traditional clothes are worn for folkloric occasions, men wear "sherwal", the "Ghombaz" and "tarboush" or "Kafiat and Ighal" on their heads, and women wear "abbaya".

The WADA organization

The Women's Association of Deir El Ahmar (WADA) is a Lebanese non-profit, Non-Governmental Organization established in 1994. Their aim is to promote women's role in rural development and welfare of society in the region around Deir el Ahmar. The organization was founded by volunteers from Deir el Ahmar, including current president Dunia Baroud El Khoury, Yvonne El Khoury Lichaa and René Chouah Mhanna. WADA's geographical focus is a wide area of 157 square kilometres (61 sq mi), including 33 municipalities around Deir el Ahmar, Baalbeck and Hermel, in the north of the Bekaa valley in Lebanon. They have won a number of awards including the Dubai International Award.

With the aid of local and international institutions, WADA have been involved in the following projects:

• Training sessions for rural women in handicrafts, natural food Production and agriculture.
• Supporting marketing and promotion of the products through fairs and exhibitions.
• Awareness Programs for Local Communities which seek to protect the environment, improve health care, support education, and promote rural Ecotourism.
• Executing a sustainable development project.
• The Rural Development Center (RDC).

Economy

Deir el Ahmar's location in the fertile Beqaa Valley makes agriculture its main economical activity. The town produces jam, jelly, marmalade, and dairy products as well as handcrafts, such as pottery, crochet, and lace.^[4]

Deir el Ahmar, like the rest of the Beqaa Valley, has good potential for tourism due to the mild climate, pristine nature, and the variety of historical and archaeological sites. Ecotourism, especially natural excursions and hiking trips are becoming more popular in the region of Deir el Ahmar. Tourists also visit the local organic farms and participate in farming activities. However, the tourism sector remains mostly underdeveloped in Deir el Ahmar. Hotels or Motels are abandoned because of the hospitality idea that says: visitors are wellcome and they may choose any house to come in and stay .^[5] An economical and demographic study conducted in Deir el Ahmar by Dr Gaby Saliba in 2001 highlights the following problems:

• High emigration of youth (62% of population) and still increasing mainly caused by the lack of high education institutions, and the nearest university is 40 minutes away.
• Deficient role of the women in development
• High rates of Unemployment

Local Authorities

The municipality have an elected municipal council for 6 years. It has administrative and financial independence but remains under the control and supervision of the central government.

Eparchy of Baalbek-Deir El-Ahmar (Maronite)

In 1671 the area was established as the Diocese of Baalbek. It was renamed as the Diocese of Baalbek e Zahlé on August 4, 1977 and again to Diocese of Baalbek–Deir Al-Ahmar on June 9, 1990, when it lost territory to establish the Diocese of Zahlé. The Bishop is Hanna Rahme.

Educational institutions

Deir El Ahmar has four schools, two public schools and two private schools. Appropriately 687 students are schooled in the public institution, and 2485 student are schooled in the private.

Notable people

• Tarek Boutros Habchi, a former deputy in the Lebanese parliament since 1968 until 1992.
• Danny Thomas, Lebanese-American actor. From Deir el Ahmar, famous Lebanese-American entertainer, born Muzyad Yakhoob.
• Elias Najjar, famous traditional poet & singer (Aataba)
• Raymond G. Tarabay - Ford Motors Company Sales (United Arab Emirates)
• Elissa (singer) - Lebanese singer
• Marie Keyrouz, Lebanese Christian nun and singer, she founded "L'Ensemble de la Paix" at Lebanon, and The International Institute of the Sacred Chant, in France.
• Mahrouss Fakhry Current Oldest man in Deir El Ahmar (110 years), previous major, friend of Kamil Shamoon and he did great Things for his village during this period, helped lot of poor families during 1st war and 2nd war, he is the man of this century.
• Charbel Habchi Lebanese/Canadian Blogger. He founded OldHollyWoodLoving.
• Yara, Lebanese singer.
• Fahed Goearges Tarabey - CAO Al Wasita Emirates
• Peter Khoury - Director and Producer
• Khalil El Kozah Succar, Ex-president of the municipality and the first man who bring drinking water from far away (Ainata) in a new network to every house of the village from his own budget: the thing that it was a serious problem to villager, also he upgrade all the routes of the village during this period.
• Charles A. Maroun, Businessman - emigrated to the United States in the early 1900s, settled in Lawrence, MA. Developed a successful multimillion-dollar wholesale grocery business from a single location grocery store begun with his cousin, Said. Mr. Maroun sponsored many family members and friends during their emigration from Lebanon, and assisted in their settling into the Lawrence area over the years. With the help of other Christian Maronite members of the community, Mr. Maroun helped fund and build St. Anthony's church in Lawrence as the focal point for worship and community.

Holidays

• Saint Joseph Day (March 19), religious ceremony in Saint Joseph Church
• Saint Elie Day (July 20), religious ceremony in Saint Elias Church
• The Assumption of Mary (August 15) religious ceremony at the shrine of Our Lady of Bechouat
• Feast of the Blessed Sacrement (September 14), religious ceremony in all Deil el Ahmar churches
• Saint Nohra, religious ceremony in Mar Nohra Church

See also

• Dahr El Ahmar

References

External links

• Official website(Arabic)
• Deir El Ahmar, Localiban
• Deir El Ahmar Municipality Official Website (Arabic)
• Maronite Diocese of Baalbek–Deir Al-Ahmar

Coordinates: 34°08′N 36°08′E / 34.133°N 36.133°E / 34.133; 36.133

Baalbek District, Beqaa Governorate
Capital: Baalbek
Towns and villages	Ain Ainata Ali El Nahri Arsal Baalbek Barka Bednayel Bechwat Brital Btadhi Bodai Chaat Chlifa Chmestar - Gharbi Baalbeck Deir el Ahmar Douriss Fakiha - Jdeydeh Fleweh Hadath Baalbek Halbata Hallanieh Hazin Hosh Barada Hosh el Rafika Hosh Snid Hosh Tal Safiya Hrebta Iaat Jabbouleh Janta Jdeide Kah Karha Khodr Khraibeh Kasarnaba Laat Labweh Majdloun Mikna Nabi Chit Nabi Othman Nahleh Ram - Jbenniyeh Ras Baalbek Ras el Hadis Saayde Seriine el Fawka Seriine el Tahta Talya Taraya Tayba Temnin el Fawka Temnin el Tahta Tfail Wadi Faara Yammouneh Younine
Other	Ard Tlaili Jabal es Saaïdé

Archaeological sites in Lebanon
Aadloun Aaiha Aammiq Aaqbe Ain Aata Ain Choaab Ain Harcha Akbiyeh Akkar plain foothills Al-Bireh Amioun Amlaq Qatih Anjar, Lebanon Antelias cave Apheca Ard Saouda Ard Tlaili Arqa Baalbek Baidar ech Chamout Batroumine Batroun Bechamoun Beirut Beit Mery Berytus (Roman Beirut) Bustan Birke Byblos Canalizations of Zenobia Dahr El Ahmar Dakoue Deir El Aachayer Deir el Ahmar Deir Mar Maroun Dekwaneh Douris (Baalbek) Elaea (Lebanon) Flaoui Fadous Sud Hebbariye Hadeth south Haret ech Cheikh Hashbai Heliopolis in Phoenicia Hermel plains Iaat Jabal es Saaïdé Jbaa Jdeideh Jebel Aabeby Jeita Grotto Joub Jannine Jieh Kafr Zabad Kamid al lawz Kamouh el Hermel Karak Nuh Kaukaba Kefraya Kafr Tebnit Kfar Qouq Kfarhata Khallet Michte Khirbet El-Knese Kouachra megalith field Ksar Akil Labweh Lake Qaraoun (Ain Jaouze) Libbaya Lion Tower Majdal Anjar Mansourieh Maronite mummies Mayrouba Mdoukha (Jebel Kassir) Moukhtara Mtaileb Nabi Zair Nachcharini Nahle, Lebanon Neba'a Faour Nebi Safa Niha Bekaa Phoenician port of Beirut Plain of Zgharta Qaa Qal'at Bustra Qalaat Tannour Qaraoun Qasr el Banat Ras Baalbek I Ras Beirut Ras El Kelb Rashaya Roman Forum of Berytus Roman hippodrome of Berytus Sands of Beirut Saraain El Faouqa Shheem Sidon Sin el Fil Sarepta Stone of the Pregnant Woman Tahun ben Aissa Taire Tayibe Tell Aalaq Tell Ablah Tell Addus Tell Ahle Tell Ain Cerif Tell Ain el Meten Tell Ain Ghessali Tell Ain Nfaikh Tell Ain Saouda Tell Ain Sofar Tell Ayoub Tell Bar Elias Tell Beshara Tell Bir Dakoue Tell Deir Tell Delhamieh Tell Derzenoun Tell Dibbine Tell el-Burak Tell El Ghassil Tell El Hadeth Tell Fadous Tell Hazzine Tell Hoch Rafqa Tell Karmita Tell Khardane Tell Kirri Tell Jezireh Tell Jisr Tell Kabb Elias Tell Majdaloun Tell Masoud Tell Mekhada Tell Meouchi Tell Mureibit Tell Murtafa Tell Nahariyah Tell Neba'a Chaate Tell Neba'a Litani Tell Qasr Labwe Tell Rasm El Hadeth Tell Rayak Tell Saatiya Tell Safiyeh Tell Saoudhi Tell Serhan Tell Shaikh Hassan al Rai Tell Shamsine Tell Sultan Yakoub Tell Taalabaya Tell Wardeen Tell Zenoub Tell Zeitoun Temnin el-Foka Temple of Bacchus Temple of Eshmun Temple of Jupiter Tlail megaliths Toron Tripolis (region of Phoenicia) Tyre Necropolis Tyre, Lebanon Wadi Boura Wadi Koura Wadi Yaroun Yammoune Yanta Ain W Zain Zahlé