Death of Jennifer Laude
 Facebook photo of Jennifer Laude | |
| Date | October 11, 2014 |
|---|---|
| Venue | Celzone Lodge |
| Location | Olongapo, Philippines |
| Cause | Asphyxiation by drowning |
| Outcome | Death |
| Deaths | Jennifer Laude |
| Convicted | Joseph Scott Pemberton |
| Charges | Homicide |
| Verdict | Guilty |
| Convictions |
6-10 years in prison Reduced from 6-12 years in prison |
The death of Jennifer Laude occurred on October 11, 2014 in Olongapo, Philippines, when the 26-year-old Filipina trans woman was killed by 19-year-old Private First Class Joseph Scott Pemberton, who had been unaware that Laude was transgender.
This is the second reported criminal case involving a United States Marine in the Philippines under the existing Philippines–United States Visiting Forces Agreement and the first since the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement. The case has spawned protests in the Philippines by transgender rights and other activists.
Incident
Laude, a trans woman, met Pemberton, a United States Marine of New Bedford, Massachusetts, at the Ambyanz disco bar in Olongapo on the evening of October 11, 2014.[1][2][3] According to police and witnesses, they subsequently went to Celzone Lodge, a nearby motel.[4][5] Thirty minutes after checking in, Pemberton left the motel, leaving the door to the room ajar. Staff found Laude's naked body, partially covered from the waist down, with her head leaning on the rim of the toilet bowl.[6] Two used condoms recovered from the bathroom were subjected to DNA testing to determine if the semen it contained matched that of Pemberton. The results later turned out to be negative.[7][8] The DNA within the condoms also did not match Laude's DNA.[9] The cause of death was reported as "asphyxiation by drowning".[10][7]
Pemberton was in the Philippines as part of regular military exercises.[7] His ship was docked at Subic Bay Freeport, former home of the Subic Bay Naval Base, at one time one of the largest US Navy bases outside the United States.[7][11][12]
Victim
| Jennifer Laude | |
|---|---|
| Born |
Jeffrey Laude November 4, 1988 |
| Died |
October 11, 2014 (aged 25) Olongapo, Philippines |
Arrest and trial
Following the death of Laude, Pemberton was detained by the U.S. Navy, first on his ship and then inside Camp Aguinaldo, the headquarters of the Armed Forces of the Philippines located in Quezon City, Metro Manila.[13]
On December 15, 2014, the Olongapo City Prosecutor's Office of the Philippine Department of Justice found probable cause to charge Pemberton with murder and on that day he was charged with murder in front of the Olongapo City Regional Trial Court Branch 74.[14] The prosecutor decided to pursue murder charges because of the "presence of treachery, cruelty, and abuse of superior strength".[14] Pemberton appealed the prosecutor's decision to the Secretary of Justice but that appeal was denied.[13] On February 23, 2015, Pemberton was brought to court in Olongapo and the court entered a not-guilty plea on his behalf.[13] The pre-trial hearings began February 27, 2015.[13] The murder trial began on March 16.[13] Under the Visiting Forces Agreement, the local courts have one year to complete any legal proceedings.[13]
Pemberton was represented by Rowena Flores.[13] The trial was heard by Judge Roline Ginez-Jabalde.[13]
Reporters were banned from the courtroom and relied upon second-hand reports from Laude family lawyers for their news articles.[15]
The Daily Mail in March reported that Laude's relatives said that they had been offered 21 million Philippine pesos (US$468,000) if they agreed to lower the charge from murder to homicide.[16] The Daily Mail further quoted the family saying that Julita Cabillan, Laude's mother, rejected the offer and said, "No amount of money could pay for the years I spent raising my child."[16] One of Pemberton's lawyers, Benjamin Tolosa, said that the Marine's legal team offered no money, saying "It has been insinuated the demand came from us and that's absolutely false. It's contrary to what happened".[16]
Lawyers for the Laude family said that prosecutor Emilie Fe de los Santos had taken a statement by de Laude's mother that she would not drop the case even is she was offered a million dollars as a sign that the Laude family was open to a plea bargain and that the prosecutor promoted that idea with defense attorneys.[17]
One of the attorneys for Laude's family, Harry Roque, told the press that he has been barred by Prosecutor de los Santos from the trial. Laude's family submitted a letter to Department of Justice Secretary Leila De Lima requesting the assignment of a new prosecutor, citing the refusal of de los Santos to work with the family's private lawyers.[17] The prosecution rested on June 30, 2015.[18]
Pemberton admitted in court to fighting with, but not killing, Laude. He told the court he acted in self-defense after he discovered that a man, not a woman, was performing a sexual act on him.[19]
Court decision
On December 1, 2015, the Olongapo Regional Trial Court found Pemberton guilty of homicide with two mitigating circumstances in the death of Laude and sentenced him to 6 to 12 years in jail.[20] Homicide is a lesser charge than murder.[20] The court said that "The killing of Laude amounted only to homicide" and did not meet the standards for murder.[20] Pemberton, in the court's view, acted out of "passion and obfuscation".[20] The court said about Pemberton that "in the heat of passion, he arm-locked the deceased, and dunked his (her) head in the toilet."[20] Harry Roque, the family's attorney, said “It is not right that these mitigating circumstances showed his bigotry towards a transgender woman and that the bigotry itself was the reason he killed her."[21] Laude's mother, Julita Laude, stated that she was not happy with the sentence and had hoped that Pemberton would have been convicted of murder.[22] She went on to say, "But the important thing is he (Pemberton) will be jailed. My son's (Laude) life is not wasted."[22]
Pemberton will continue to be detained at Camp Aguinaldo, and will be under the Bureau of Corrections control, during appeals.[20] Pemberton was also ordered to pay the following fines to the Laude family totaling over 4.5 million Philippine pesos: 50,000 pesos civil indemnities, 4,320,000 pesos for loss of earning capacity, 155,250 pesos for funeral and burial expenses, 50,000 pesos for moral damages, and 30,000 pesos for exemplary damages.[20][23]
In a ruling issued by the Olongapo RTC Branch 74 on March 30, 2016, the court affirmed the conviction of Pemberton, while reduced the maximum sentence into 10 years from the original 12 years in prison and denied his bail.[24]
Reaction
The case has the potential to damage Philippines–United States relations. There is an existing Philippines–United States Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA), complemented by the 2014 Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) and by annual military exercises known as Balikatan, all of which are under greater scrutiny.[1] Several protests have been organized in the Philippines and the United States calling for the Philippines to cancel both agreements.[1]
This is the second reported criminal case involving a United States Marine in the Philippines under the existing Visiting Forces Agreement. In 2005, four Marines were tried in the Philippines for rape in what became known as the Subic rape case. Three were acquitted at trial and the fourth was convicted at trial but later acquitted on appeal after victim "Nicole" recanted her testimony and immediately emigrated to the United States.[1]
Transgender rights activists and the left-wing Bagong Alyansang Makabayan have protested what they see as the "special treatment" of U.S. troops, such as Pemberton, in the Philippines, compared to the second-class citizen treatment of Filipinos, such as Laude, in their own land, which they characterize as neo-colonialism.[25][26][27] The Communist Party of the Philippines condemned the United States' refusal to turn over full custody of Pemberton to Philippine authorities and called for the abolition of the Visiting Forces Agreement which the party views as lopsided to US military interests and as violative of Philippine sovereignty. The communist group also views that the Philippine government refuses to fully assert full jurisdiction on the case.[28] The Philippines was a colony of the United States during the early 20th century.[29]
The case has also prompted a discussion on transgender rights. A columnist for The Philippine Star wrote that the case provides for an "opportunity to further gender sensitivity, promote LGBT rights, and encourage tolerance and acceptance".[30]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 "Marine's murder charge in the Philippines has international consequences". Marine Corps Times.
- ↑ "Murder of Jennifer Laude 'monstrous' - German fiance". ABS-CBN News.
- ↑ Norman P. Aquino (October 13, 2014). "U.S. Marine Held in Philippines After Transgender Murder". Bloomberg L.P.
- ↑ Trisha Macas (October 16, 2014). "Transgender Jeffrey Laude: Badly bruised, wounded, drowned". GMA News. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
- ↑ "Olongapo slay suspect admitted he 'did something wrong' – mayor". Rappler. October 14, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
- ↑ Per Liljas (October 23, 2014). "Witness Says Suspect U.S. Marine Didn't Know Murdered Filipina Was Transgender". TIME. Retrieved December 15, 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 "Marine accused in Philippine killing tests US ties". Associated Press. October 19, 2014.
- ↑ "DNA samples in Laude case do not match Pemberton's". GMA News Online. 28 November 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
- ↑ "Pemberton, Laude DNA don't match those in condoms: lawyer". ABS-CBN News.
- ↑ Trefor Moss (October 19, 2014). "U.S. Won't Surrender Marine Charged With Murder in Philippines". The Wall Street Journal.
- ↑ "U.S. Marine held in transgender death in Philippines - CNN.com". CNN. October 15, 2014.
- ↑ "Philippines: U.S. Marine ID'd for transgender death - CNN.com". CNN. October 14, 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Court enters not guilty plea for Pemberton in Laude murder case". GMA News. February 23, 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
- 1 2 MERUEÑAS, MARK (December 22, 2014). "Pemberton runs to De Lima, seeks dismissal of murder case". GMA News. GMA News. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
- ↑ Macatuno, Allan (May 5, 2015). "PNP expert: Laude strangled, drowned". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
- 1 2 3 "Philippine trial of US Marine starts after plea bargain fails". The Daily Mail. 23 March 2015.
- 1 2 "Trial begins in the killing of Jennifer Laude". The Daily kos. March 24, 2015.
- ↑ "Prosecution rests case in Pemberton trial". Rappler. June 30, 2015. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
- ↑ "U.S. Marine found guilty of killing transgender Filipino". USA TODAY. December 1, 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Pemberton meted 6 to 12 years for homicide in Jennifer Laude case". InterAksyon.com.
- ↑ "US Marine Convicted of Killing Transgender Woman in Philippines". VOA.
- 1 2 "US Marine Joseph Scott Pemberton convicted of homicide in killing of Filipino transgender Jennifer Laude in Philippines". December 1, 2015.
- ↑ "US marine guilty of Filipina transgender killing". BBC News.
- ↑ "Court affirms Pemberton's conviction but reduces sentence to up to 10 years". CNN Philippines. April 3, 2016. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
- ↑ "I, too, cry justice for Jennifer". Bulatlat.
- ↑ "Demand attendance of 4 US Marines in Laude death probe, DFA, DOJ told". GMA News.
- ↑ Per Liljas. "Philippines: Transgender Murder Becomes Rallying Point for LGBT Rights". Time.
- ↑ Sison, Bebot Jr. (20 December 2014). "Pemberton seeks downgrade of raps". The Philippine Star. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
- ↑ Whaley, Floyd (22 October 2014). "U.S. Marine;s Arrest in Killing in Philippines May Test Ties". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- ↑ Gonzales, Joseph T. (19 October 2014). "J. Laude and proud: Looking askance". The Philippine Star. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
