Creuzburg

This article is about the historic town in Germany. For other uses, see Creuzburg (disambiguation).
Creuzburg

Creuzburg Castle

Coat of arms
Creuzburg

Coordinates: 51°3′5″N 10°14′41″E / 51.05139°N 10.24472°E / 51.05139; 10.24472Coordinates: 51°3′5″N 10°14′41″E / 51.05139°N 10.24472°E / 51.05139; 10.24472
Country Germany
State Thuringia
District Wartburgkreis
Municipal assoc. Mihla
Government
 • Mayor Arndt Breustedt
Area
 • Total 35.33 km2 (13.64 sq mi)
Population (2015-12-31)[1]
 • Total 2,373
 • Density 67/km2 (170/sq mi)
Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes 99831
Dialling codes 036926
Vehicle registration WAK
Website www.creuzburg-online.de

Creuzburg is a town on the Werra river in the Wartburgkreis in Thuringia, Germany.

Geography

Creuzburg is in the area known as the Muschelkalk. Three mountains, Wisch, Wallstieg and Ebenauer Köpfe are near the town.

Nearby towns include Treffurt and Eisenach.

History

With a history going back over 1,000 years, Creuzburg is one of the oldest towns in Thuringia. Hill graves in the area of the city demonstrate a settlement beginning at least as early as Carolingian times. The beginnings of the settlement on what became the site of the castle are a result of its position on a major crossroads. The old West-East trade route met at the Werra with the trade route from the south. In the 10th and 11th Centuries, the region was under control of the Fulda Abbey.

The stone Werra Bridge, built in 1225, and the Liborius Chapel, built in 1499

In 1137, the city came under control of the Thuringian Ludowinger dynasty. Landgrave Ludwig I acquired it in exchange for a portion of the lands he held in Hesse. Recognizing the strategic and economic importance of the area, his successors made improvements to the area. Landgrave Hermann I began the construction of the castle on the mountain and allowed the many farmers in the area to build the settlement at the base of the mountain. In 1213, Creuzburg was established as a city. A coat of arms was established and a defensive wall was built. The nearby town of Scherbda, which now is part of Creuzburg, was first mentioned as a settlement around a feif in 1229.

The most prosperous time in Creuzburg was during the reign of Landgrave Ludwig IV, the Holy, and his son Hermann II. After the wedding of Ludwig with the daughter of the King of Hungary, Elisabeth, who is now known as St. Elisabeth of Hungary, the Castle Creuzburg became the second residence of the Thuringian Landgraves (after the Wartburg). Many festivals were celebrated during this time, and the children of the couple were born in the castle. Ludwig redecorated the castle and built the first stone bridge across the Werra to secure the trade route. Before he left for the Crusades in 1227, he bid farewell to his subjects in a major assembly of the Thuringian nobles in the castle.

The Nikolaikirche, built in 1215

Ludwig never returned. His brother Heinrich Raspe acted as regent during the childhood of Ludwig's son, Hermann II. Elisabeth left Thuringia and moved back to the Hessian lands, where she later died in Marburg. Upon reaching adulthood, Hermann began his reign as Landgrave of Thuringia and Hesse. The Castle Creuzburg remained his residence until his sudden death at the age of 18. His uncle and successor Heinrich Raspe used only the Wartburg as his residence. This was, for the city of Creuzburg as well as the castle, the end of the prosperous times. It sank in the next centuries into economic and cultural anonymity.

Within the German Empire (1871–1918), Creuzburg was part of the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.

Tourism

Creuzburg with Nikolaikirche tower

The Creuzburg Castle, which was a residence of the Ludowing dynasty and a favorite visiting place of St. Elisabeth of Hungary, is one of the top sightseeing destinations. Creuzburg also boasts the oldest bridges north of the Main.

Economy

Beside several hotels and restaurants Creuzburg is also the head office of the Pollmeier Massivholz GmbH & CO. KG. The company is the largest and most efficient hardwood sawmill worldwide.

Transportation

The B 7 highway from Kassel to Eisenach goes through Creuzburg.

Famous residents

Honorary citizen

Personalities who have spent part of their lives in Creuzburg, or have died in Creuzburg

Literature

References

  1. ↑ "Bevölkerung der Gemeinden, Gemeinschaftsfreie Gemeinde, erfüllende/beauftragende Gemeinden, Verwaltungsgemeinschaft/Mitgliedsgemeinden in Thüringen". Thüringer Landesamt für Statistik (in German). July 2016.
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