Convention Relative to the Preservation of Fauna and Flora in their Natural State
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Welwitchia, a species protected by the Convention | |
| Context | Wildlife conservation |
|---|---|
| Drafted | 1933 |
| Location | London |
| Effective | 1936 |
| Condition | 4 ratifications |
| Ratifiers | |
| Depositary | United Kingdom |
| Languages | |
The Convention Relative to the Preservation of Fauna and Flora in the Natural State, also known as the London Convention of 1933,[1][2] was an early agreement among colonial powers for the conservation of nature.[3] As one of the first general conservation agreement in Africa, and the first to specifically protect a plant species, it has been called the Magna Carta of wildlife conservation[4] and "the high point of institutionalised global nature protection before the Second World War".[5]
Political process
The Convention was the result of the 1933 International Conference for the Protection of the Fauna and Flora of Africa, presided over by Richard Onslow, 5th Earl of Onslow, then president of the Society for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the Empire.[1] It was based on the London Convention of 1900, which had been agreed to but never came into force due a lack of ratifications.
Signatories of the 1933 convention were Belgium, Egypt, France, Italy, the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, the Union of South Africa and the United Kingdom and its dependencies. All but France and Spain ratified the agreement in 1935, and British India acceded partially in 1939. In 1950, it was ratified by Portugal and in 1963, then-independent Tanganyika acceded to the convention.[2]
The 1933 London Convention was superseded by the African Convention on Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in 1968.
Obligations
The Convention obligated signatories to establish parks and reserves and limit human settlement therein, to domesticate useful animals, and to prohibit unsportsmanlike methods of take. It also required states to give special protection to a list of species.[6]
Species Protected
The Convention bestowed varying degrees of protection on two classes of species.
Class A
The 17 mammals, three birds and one plant species in Class A are to be hunted or otherwise killed only by special permission that was to be granted exclusively for scientific research or other critical purposes.
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Class B
Authorization for hunting the animals in Class B is allowable by special permit, but for any purpose.
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Notes
- 1 2 Kinloch 1972, p. xix.
- 1 2 Heijnsbergen 1997, p. 16.
- ↑ Nature 1933.
- ↑ Boardman 1981, p. 34.
- ↑ Steinhart, Edward I. Black Poachers, White Hunters: A Social History of Hunting in Colonial Kenya James Currey Publishers, 2006 ISBN 0-85255-960-7 p. 180
- ↑ Convention Relative To The Preservation Of Fauna And Flora In Their Natural State 1933.
References
- Cioc, Mark (2009). The Game of Conservation. International Treaties to Protect the World's Migratory Animals. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-8214-1867-3.
- Heijnsbergen, P. van (1997). International legal protection of wild fauna and flora. Amsterdam; Washington, DC: IOS Press. ISBN 9051993137.
- "Protection of Wild Life in Africa". Nature. 137 (3467): 608–609. 1936-04-11. doi:10.1038/137608d0. ISSN 0028-0836. Retrieved 2012-08-06.
- Kinloch, Bruce (1972). The shamba raiders : memories of a game warden. (2 ed.). Hampshire: Ashford. ISBN 1852530359.
- Boardman, Robert (1981). International organization and the conservation of nature. London: Macmillan. ISBN 0333262654.
- Convention Relative To The Preservation Of Fauna And Flora In Their Natural State, 1933, archived from the original on 2012-08-06, retrieved 2012-08-06