Contarini

Coat of arms of the House of Contarini.
The Ca' d'Oro, built for the Contarini family 1428-30.
The Doge Andrea Contarini returning victorious from the War of Choggia.
The Villa Contarini, commissioned by Paolo and Francesco Contarini in 1546.
The Palazzo Contarini del Bovolo, constructed for the Contarini family in the 15th century.

Contarini is a noted Venetian family, from which eight Doges to the Republic of Venice emerged, as well as other notables. Among the ruling families of the republic, they were considered the most powerful, controlling the largest number of seats in the Great Council of Venice from the period before the Serrata del Maggior Consiglio to the end of the republic in 1797.[1]

Notable members

Family

The House of Contarini is one of the twelve founding families of the Venetian Republic, and were and remain through extended family consanguinity present in the Veneto's population, represented in over twenty auxiliary and cadet noble branches that include ranks currently among European sovereign, royal and aristocratic descendants. With the arrival of Alvise Contarini in Syracuse at the invitation of Martin I of Sicily a branch of the family was established in Sicily in 1394, the year in which Alvise married Cesarea Modica of Pietro Modica, Baron of San Giacomo Belmineo and Solarino. Alvise Contarini was given the fiefdoms of San Giacomo Belmineo and Solarino as part of the dowry. In 1406 he was elected Mayor of Syracuse,[2] followed by numerous other communal, ministerial and military official positions for his descendants in the Kingdom of Sicily and the Kingdom of Italy after the Risorgimento. The family remains in Sicily today, carrying the title Duke of Castrofilippo.[3]

853 AD marks the first officially verified documentation of the Contarini in the Republic of Venice, with Andrea Contarini named in the testament of Orso Partecipazio, son of Giovanni I Participazio.[4] According to manuscripts[5][6] in the Biblioteca Marciana and the family archives[5] the Contarini claim direct descent of the Roman gens Aurelii Cottae through Publius Aurelius Cotta, son of Marcus Aurelius Cotta (consul in 74 BC and maternal uncle of Julius Caesar), who transferred his family to Padua. His grandson, Lucius Aurelius Cotta was elected prefect of the Reno; the area around the Reno near Bologna. His first and second son and his male grandchildren continued in this position and added the cognomen Reno, becoming Cotta Reno or Cottareno. The last person to register Cottareno was Marcus Aurelius Cottareno in Padua in 290 AD and subsequently the family name was written as Contareno, or Contarini in Venetian (both the Latin and Venetian denomination of the family name have been used interchangeably since).[5][6][7][8] In 338 AD Marcus Aurelius Contareno (or Marco Aurelio Contarini in Venetian), prefect of Concordia under Constantine I, was the first Contarini to permanently move his residence to the Venetian area[7] and later, another Marcus Aurelius Contareno -one of the twelve tribunes ruling the Byzantine district of Venice (Venetikà in the Exarchate of Ravenna)- elected the first Doge, forming the independent Republic of Venice.[9]

In 1043 Domenico I was elected and became the first Doge in the family Contarini. By 1797, when the last Doge was forced to abdicate, the family had produced eight Doges of their own. The Contarini also counts various important diplomats, cardinals and navy commanders among them (in the famous Battle of Lepanto no less than 6 ships were commanded by Contarini). The Venetian Republic, in one form or another, lasted as a functioning independent state for over 1100 years until Napoleon's march into Venice sounded its demise.[10]

The Contarini led the Venetian Republic forward through ever changing ages and commensurate with ample changes in trade, technology, trade: both import and exports, science, religion, art, banking and finance as well as in diplomacy and war. Many wealthy Venetians, such as the Contarini, enjoyed the monetary and health benefits wrought from, for example, the spice trade, which facilitated longevity, a fundamental requirement for assumption of the role of Doge, since the position mandated that a Doge, “must be an octogenarian who commands health, wealth and wisdom”.

Andrea Palladio, who was employed by the Contarini and their relatives, designed several of the most outstanding neo-classical structures in the Veneto’s environs. Importantly, his works satisfied his clients, which, full-circle, he had helped to create. Many such works are found to have often favored a minimalist, if neo-classical, dialog among their design elements. A passion for purity of line, scale and proportion were fundamental to and codified in Palladio's I quattro libri dell'architettura, detailing vital points of design interest for architecture and decoration enthusiasts and professionals, and remains used by architecture students even today.

See also

References

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. (1907). "article name needed". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne. 

  1. ↑ "International Trade and Institutional Change: Medieval Venice's Response to Globalization". The Quarterly Journal of Economics (2014), 753–821. March 7, 2014. doi:10.1093/qje/qju006.
  2. ↑ Agnello, Giuseppe (2011). "Urbs fidelissima. Il governo di Siracusa durante la Camera reginale (1282-1536)" (PDF). UNIVERSITÀ DI CATANIA FACOLTÀ DI LETTERE E FILOSOFIA.
  3. ↑ Mango di Casalgerardo, Antonino (1912). "NOBILIARIO DI SICILIA. Vol. 2 - Notizie e stemmi relativi alle famiglie nobili siciliane". A. Reber, Palermo.
  4. ↑ http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/eta-ducale-la-societa-e-gli-ordinamenti-famiglie-e-affermazione-politica_(Storia-di-Venezia)/, Andrea Castagnetti. Storia di Venezia. Vol. 1 - Origini, Età ducale - Famiglie e affermazione politica.
  5. 1 2 3 Marco Barbaro. L'Origine e discendenza delle famiglie patrizie.
  6. 1 2 Girolamo Alessandro Cappellari Vivaro. Il Campidoglio veneto.
  7. 1 2 https://archive.org/details/teatroaraldicose02tett, Leone Tettoni. Teatro araldico ovvero raccolta generale delle armi ed insegne gentilizie delle piu illustri e nobili casate che esisterono un tempo e che tutora fioriscono in tutta l'italia, 1841.
  8. ↑ Antonio Longo. Dell'origine e provenienza in Venezia de cittadini originarj
  9. ↑ John the Deacon. Chronicon Sagornini.
  10. ↑ Norwich, John Julius (1982). A History of Venice. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
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