Clan Farquharson

Clan Farquharson

Crest: On a chapeau Gules furred Ermine, a demi-lion Gules holding in his dexter paw a sword Proper
Motto Fide et Fortitudine ("By Faith and Fortitude")
Profile
Plant badge Scots fir
Chief
Alwyne Farquharson of Invercauld
Chief of the Name and Arms of Farquharson
Seat The Valley Farm, Norfolk.[1]

Clan Farquharson (i/ˈfɑːrkərsən/) of Invercauld is a Highland Scottish clan and is a member of the Chattan Confederation.[3][4]

History

Origins

A romantic depiction of a clansman illustrated by R. R. McIan, from James Logan's The Clans of the Scottish Highlands, 1845.

The chiefs of the Clan Farquharson trace their ancestry back to Farquhar, fourth son of Alexander "Ciar" Shaw of Rothiemurchus.[3] Alexander Shaw was the fifth chief of the Clan Shaw.[4] His descendants took the name Farquharson.[4] Another of Alexander's sons was Donald, who married Isobel Stewart, the heiress of Invercauld.[3] Donald's son was Finla Mor who was the real progenitor of the clan.[3] MacFionlaigh Mor is the Scottish Gaelic patronymic.[3] Finla Mor was the royal banner bearer at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh in 1547 where he was killed.[3] However he produced nine sons over two marriages from which the important cadet branches of the clan were sprung and the clan grew in stature.[3] In 1595 the Clan Farquharson joined the Chattan Confederation and a bond of manrent acknowledged the chief of Clan Mackintosh, who was also chief of Clan Chattan as their "natyff cheiff".[3]

Towards the end of the 16th century the Clan Erskine chiefs set out to claim the Earldom of Mar but they were opposed by the increasing power of the Farquharsons.[3] Braemar Castle was built by John Erskine, 18th Earl of Mar but it fell into the hands of the Clan Farquharson.[3] The clan became known as the fighting Farquharsons due to their fierce reputation and they became strong supporters of the Stuarts.[3]

17th century, clan conflicts and Civil War

During the Scottish Civil War Donald Farquharson of Monaltrie fought for James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose in 1644,[3] and then for Charles II at the Battle of Worcester in 1651.[5] John Farquharson of Inverey was known as the Black Colonel and burned Braemar Castle.[3] John supported James VII of Scotland and followed John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee in 1689.[3] After Dundee's death in 1689 the Clan Farquharson supported his successor, Thomas Buchan of the Clan Buchan.[6]

In the late 17th century the Earl of Airlie came into dispute with the Clan MacThomas over the lands of Canlochcan.[7] Airlie's legal action was successful but the chief of Clan MacThomas refused to recognize this and continued to pasture his cattle on the disputed land.[7] In response Airlie used his legal right to lease the land to men of the Clan Farquharson which led to a feud.[7] On 28 January 1673 Farquharson of Broughdearg was killed along with two sons of the chief of Clan MacThomas.[7] The lawsuits that followed crippled the MacThomas chief.[7]

18th century and Jacobite risings

During the Jacobite rising of 1715 another John Farquharson of Invercauld was a colonel in the Chattan Confederation regiment which supported James Francis Edward Stuart.[3] John was taken prisoner at the Battle of Preston (1715).[3] He was held at Marshalsea Prison and was condemned to be executed at the Tower of London, however he and two other highland officers were reprieved on the morning of execution.[3] He was paroled and not allowed to return to Scotland for over twenty years.[3]

In 1745 the strength of the Clan Farquharson was estimated as 500 by Duncan Forbes, Lord Culloden.[4] On 23 December 1745, 300 men of the Clan Farquharson had fought as Jacobites in their victory at the Battle of Inverurie (1745).[8] During the Jacobite rising of 1745, the cousin of John Farquharson was Lady Anne Farquharson-MacKintosh who was wife of Angus Mackintosh, chief of Clan Mackintosh.[3] Angus Mackintosh was in fact a serving officer in the Black Watch regiment of the British Army and he was captured at the Battle of Prestonpans by Jacobite forces.[3] Mackintosh was sent home to Moy having been given parole not to take arms against the Jacobites and when he arrived he was greeted by his wife, Anne Farquharson, who said "Your servant, captain" to which he replied "Your servant, colonel".[3] She was ever after known as Colonel Anne.[3] Anne later saved Charles Edward Stuart from capture in what is known as the Rout of Moy.[3] Anne was imprisoned for six weeks after the Battle of Culloden.[3] Francis Farquharson of Monaltrie led the Farquharsons at the Battle of Culloden and although he survived he was imprisoned and was condemned to death, but was lucky enough to have his execution reduced to exile.[5]

Modern clan

The Chief of Clan Farquharson is Alwyne Arthur Compton Farquharson of Invercauld, Chief of the Name and Arms of Farquharson, 16th Baron of Invercauld and Omnalprie, MC, JP; as recognised by Lord Lyon King of Arms.[9] Captain Alwyne Arthur Compton Farquharson of Invercauld was by Lyon Court in 1949 confirmed MacFionnlaidh. He served with distinction as a Captain in the Royal Scots Greys during World War Two. Captain Farquharson resides at Valley Farm, Norfolk with his second wife, Madame Patricia Farquharson.[10]

Castles

Braemar Castle
Farquharson mausoleum in Braemar Kirkyard near Braemar Castle
Carn na Cuimbne or the Cairn of Memory is among the trees on the north bank of the river. It was here that the Clan Farquharson mustered their men and prepared for whatever battle they had been summoned to fight. Each man left a stone on the cairn and removed it when he returned. The stones which remained marked the number of those who had died.

Castles held by the Farquhars and Farquharsons have included:

Tartans

Tartan image Notes
Clanhiunla, or Farquharsonnes tartan, as published in 1842 in Vestiarium Scoticum.
Farquharson Modern

Clan Profile

There are several tartans attributed to the name Farquharson.

See also

References

  1. ↑ clanchiefs.org.uk
  2. ↑ James Logan's The Clans of the Scottish Highlands, 1845
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Way, George and Squire, Romily. (1994). Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). pp. 134 - 135.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "The Scottish Clans and Their Tartans". W. & A. K. Johnston Limited. Edinburgh and London. 1886. Page 20.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Coventry, Martin. (2008). Castles of the Clans: The Strongholds and Seats of 750 Scottish Families and Clans. pp. 192 - 193. ISBN 978-1-899874-36-1.
  6. ↑ Way, George and Squire, Romily. (1994). Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). pp. 84 - 85.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Way, George and Squire, Romily. (1994). Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). pp. 258 - 259.
  8. ↑ Leslie, Charles Joseph. (1869). Historical records of the family of Leslie from 1067 to 1868-9, collected from public records and authentic private sources. Volume III. pp. 178 - 181. Published by Edmonston and Douglas, Edinburgh.
  9. ↑ "FARQUHARSON OF INVERCAULD, CHIEF OF FARQUHARSON".
  10. ↑ "Faquharson Clan UK".
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