Civil War (comics)

"Civil War"

Cover of Civil War 7 (Jan 2007). Art by Steven McNiven.
Publisher Marvel Comics
Publication date July 2006 – January 2007
Main character(s) Iron Man
Captain America
Spider-Man
Fantastic Four
Marvel Universe
Creative team
Writer(s) Mark Millar
Penciller(s) Steve McNiven
Inker(s) Dexter Vines
Colorist(s) Morry Hollowell
Civil War ISBN 0-7851-2179-X

Civil War is a 2006–2007 Marvel Comics crossover story line built around a seven-issue limited series of the same name written by Mark Millar and penciled by Steve McNiven, which ran through various other titles published by Marvel at the time. The story line builds upon the events that developed in previous Marvel crossovers, particularly Avengers Disassembled, House of M, and Decimation. The tagline for the series is, "Whose Side Are You On?"[1]

The plot of the series follows a framework story line in which the U.S. government passes a Superhero Registration Act ostensibly designed to have super powered individuals act under official regulation, somewhat akin to law enforcement. However, superheroes opposed to the act, led by Captain America, find themselves in conflict with those supporting the act, led by Iron Man, with Spider-Man caught in the middle; the X-Men take a neutral stance. The superheroes in support of the law, such as Iron Man, Dr. Reed Richards, and Ms. Marvel, become increasingly authoritarian. In the aftermath of the war, Captain America surrenders and is imprisoned. The conflict between freedom and security is an underlying theme in the story line, with real-life events and discussions, such as the U.S. government's increased surveillance of its citizens, serving as a backdrop for the events in Civil War.[2][3] A sequel, Civil War II, debuted in June 2016.

The series received polarized reviews but was a commercial success. The series is the basis for the Marvel Studios film Captain America: Civil War, which likewise features Captain America and Iron Man in opposition to each other.

Publication history

The premise of Civil War involves the introduction of a Superhuman Registration Act in the United States. Similar acts have been used as literary devices in Uncanny X-Men, DC: The New Frontier, Powers, Watchmen, and Astro City. Mark Millar, writer for the story, has said:

“ I opted instead for making the superhero dilemma something a little different. People thought they were dangerous, but they did not want a ban. What they wanted was superheroes paid by the federal government like cops and open to the same kind of scrutiny. It was the perfect solution and nobody, as far as I'm aware, has done this before.[4] ”

The act requires any person in the United States with superhuman abilities to register with the federal government as a "human weapon of mass destruction," reveal their true identity to the authorities and then undergo proper training. Those who sign also have the option of working for S.H.I.E.L.D., earning a salary and benefits such as those earned by other American civil servants. Characters within the superhero community in the Marvel Universe split into two groups: one advocating the registration as a responsible obligation, and the other opposing the law on the grounds that it violates civil liberties and the protection that secret identities provide. While arguing directly with Iron Man about the law, Luke Cage (previously the second Power Man), an African American, compared the mandatory registration to slavery.[5] A number of villains have also chosen to take sides, some choosing to side with the registration, others against it.

Writer Mark Millar signing copies of the collected edition of the main miniseries during an appearance at Midtown Comics in Manhattan.

Delays

Marvel announced in August 2006 that some issues of the main Civil War series would be pushed back several months to accommodate artist Steve McNiven. The schedule had issue #4 being released one month late, in September, while issue #5 was released two months later, in November. Furthermore, various tie-in books including the Civil War: Front Line miniseries and tie-in issues of other comics were delayed several months so as not to reveal any plot developments.[6]

In late November 2006, Marvel announced another delay. Civil War #6, originally scheduled for release on December 20, was pushed back two weeks and released on January 4. Unlike the previous instance, only The Punisher War Journal #2 was delayed. In a final act of rescheduling, Civil War #7 was pushed back two weeks (from January 17 to January 31),[7] and then pushed back again until February 21.[8]

Plot

In summary, an explosion in Stamford by the villain Nitro causes the U.S. Government to introduce the Superhero Registration Act. Those not adhering to it are deemed unregistered and rogue superheroes. Tony Stark and Dr. Reed Richards lead the side of the pro-registration superhero. Captain America leads the anti-registration side. Spider-Man, initially with Tony Stark, eventually joins the team of Captain America. Goliath is killed by the pro-registration superheroes. Many supervillains join the Government in hunting down superheroes.

Beginning

Civil War follows the implementation and consequences of the Superhuman Registration Act, a legislative bill that requires the mandatory registration of any person based in the United States with super powers. The act arose due to public pressure for accountability following a series of superhuman-related events causing significant damage and death within the Marvel universe, such as an attack on Manhattan in reprisal for Nick Fury's "Secret War", and the Hulk's rampage in Las Vegas, which resulted in the deaths of 26 people. When the mutant population was drastically reduced in the aftermath of M-Day, itself caused by a mutant, anti-mutant hysteria caused by extremist groups caused a majority of the remaining mutants, known as the 198, to relocate to the Xavier Institute, and raised public support for the proposed act.

Public sentiment toward superheroes plummeted after an incident in Stamford, Connecticut, in which the New Warriors, a group of young superheroes and the focus of a reality TV show, botched an attempt to apprehend a group of supervillains in a quest for better ratings. In the resulting fight the villain Nitro used his explosive powers to destroy several city blocks, including an elementary school at the epicenter, resulting in the death of more than 600 civilians, 60 of whom were children, with just Speedball of the Warriors and Nitro himself surviving. Although many high-profile superheroes assisted in the relief and rescue effort, there were a number of isolated revenge attacks, and support for registration rose.

The prospect of registration divided the superhuman community down the middle, with Tony Stark, the superhero Iron Man, who had previously tried to halt the act, becoming the pro-registration figurehead, and Captain America leading the anti-registration group. Iron Man, with Mr. Fantastic and Hank Pym, argued that the changing political landscape meant that resisting the law was pointless, and that it is reasonable for heroes to have proper training and oversight, whereas Captain America, alongside Luke Cage and Falcon argued that heroes required secrecy in order to protect aspects of their 'normal' life, such as spouses and children, and to allow them to act in whatever means are needed against threats which the ordinary emergency services couldn't cope with. Although nominally a U.N. agency, S.H.I.E.L.D. assumed the brunt of enforcing the act under acting director Maria Hill.

Escalation

The opposing sides initially traded propagandist victories, with the anti-registration heroes continuing to fight super villains, leaving them restrained to be found by the authorities, whilst the pro-registration side attempted to locate and arrest any super person who was not registered. The first major coup for either side came when Iron Man convinced Spider-Man to publicly reveal his identity, a secret the latter had worked hard to maintain. During this time many tie-in titles concerned with the war's impact on the wider Marvel universe were published. These detailed Wolverine's hunt for Nitro after fleeing the scene at Stamford, Cyclops' declaration of the X-Men and all remaining mutants as officially neutral, the effect of the war on other super groups including the pro-registration Thunderbolts and the neutral Runaways, and the reaction of the criminal element (many of whom fled to Canada).

The conflict escalated when Captain America led the anti-registration heroes, known as the Secret Avengers, into an ambush by the pro-registration forces. While shaking hands with Iron Man before a peaceful discussion of the crisis, Captain America used a hidden device to disable Iron Man's armor and sucker-punched him. A public brawl between the pro and anti-registration forces ensued. During the battle, a clone of Thor was sent to assist in the arrest of the anti-registration heroes, but instead killed Goliath by blasting him through his chest. As the pro-registration heroes attempted to control the clone, the Secret Avengers retreated.

In order to contain the super people unwilling to register, Iron Man and Mr. Fantastic built a prison in the Negative Zone; it was dubbed "Project 42" because it was the 42nd project they had developed after the Stamford tragedy. Learning that people who did not agree to register would be imprisoned indefinitely and following a battle with Iron Man, Spider-Man quit the pro-registration side and joined Captain America's underground movement. Unknown to Spider-Man, Tony Stark was using his spider suit to secretly analyze his powers and develop ways to overcome them.[9] The Punisher obtained the plans for Project 42 by covertly infiltrating the Baxter Building, home of the Fantastic Four.

Finale

The Secret Avengers and their allies reached Riker's Island penitentiary. Betrayed by Tigra, they were met by Iron Man and the pro-registration forces, and a number of super villains who were being controlled by nanites. Hulkling used his shape-shifting ability to assume the role of Henry Pym and release the incarcerated heroes, leading to an all-out battle between the two sides.

During the fight Cloak teleported the battle to the center of New York City, where the pro-registration forces were joined by the fixed Thor clone and Captain Marvel while Namor led an army of Atlanteans to assist the Secret Avengers. Captain America targeted Iron Man, whose armor had been compromised by the Vision. As Captain America was about to deliver a finishing blow, several civilians began to hold Steve back and curse him for starting the war that caused so much destruction and bloodshed, which leads to him realizing that he failed to prove his point and surrender himself.

Two weeks later, the Fifty State Initiative was launched and the Mighty Avengers assembled as a team. Tony Stark was appointed Director of S.H.I.E.L.D., and Maria Hill was demoted to deputy status. Some heroes moved to Canada, while some stayed underground including the New Avengers. Many of the Secret Avengers were given amnesty by the government, while Captain America was placed in jail.

Aftermath Details

Other versions

Earth-3490

When Mister Fantastic was researching realities where the Civil War ended differently, he found one reality in which their version of Anthony Stark was a woman named Natasha Stark. The Civil War was avoided entirely in this reality due to her marriage to Steve Rogers.[17]

Spider-Verse

During an attempt by the reality-displaced Superior Spider-Man (Doctor Octopus' mind in Peter Parker's body) to reach back to his dimension as seen in the Spider-Verse storyline, he discovered an alternate dimension where a Civil War Iron Spider-Man lies dead (killed by Karn) prompting him to continue investigating the murders of Spider-Men throughout the Multiverse.[18]

What If?

In What If Civil War Ended Differently?, a stranger appears in front of Iron Man, who is visiting Captain America’s grave at Arlington National Cemetery. Tony Stark is told of two alternate ways the Civil War could have concluded:[19]

The stranger is revealed to be Uatu, Earth 616's Watcher. Upon learning of the possibility of this alternate reality, Tony is devastated and weeps for the bright future he helped prevent.

In What If: Annihilation by David Hine and Mico Suayan, the cosmic Annihilation War reaches Earth. The heroes unite to neutralize it, and many die in the first clashes. Captain America and Iron Man, after a final reconciliation, sacrifice themselves alongside Nova to deflect the full Annihilation Wave.[20]

Contest of Champions

The 2015 Contest of Champions series featured an alternate version of Civil War that had everything go in Tony Stark's favor. Five years after the war, Tony becomes the President of the United States and leads the Mighty Avengers as the Iron Patriot. His team consists of Penance (Robbie Baldwin), Iron Spider (Natasha Romanov), Captain Marvel (Carol Danvers), and the Thor clone known as Thunderstrike. Steve Rogers (no longer called Captain America) and his teammates have been arrested and buy time off their sentence by performing suicide missions as the Thunderbolts. Steve's team consists of Spider-Man (Peter Parker), Invisible Woman, the Punisher, and Bill Foster's Goliath (who survived the Civil War in this reality). President Stark and his Mighty Avengers are taken to Battleworld by Maestro and have their memories altered to think that they are on Earth and that the Renegade Champions already there are unregistered vigilantes. The Thunderbolts are sent to rescue them, but misunderstandings result in the deaths of Penance and Thunderstrike and all three teams fighting each other. Tony kills Steve when Steve lets his guard down, and reveals that he is in the possession of the Reality Gem from the Infinity Gauntlet. Tony and the members of the Illuminati divided the six Infinity Stones after hunting them down and vowed never to use them. When Tony let the events of Civil War happen in their natural course, he couldn't resist using the Reality Gem to alter events in his favor. He used the gem to prevent the death of Goliath, the assassination of Captain America, alter the war in his favor, and rig the presidential election. He attempts to use it again to undo his killing of Steve, but as they are in another dimension the Reality Gem does not work. Maestro kills Tony and the Punisher, but is stopped by the intervention of Stick, the Sentry, and Nigel Higgins using the Iso-Sphere. The remaining five heroes from the Mighty Avengers and Thunderbolts stay behind on Battleworld with the Sentry and fight villains attempting to gather the Iso-Sphere as the Civil Warriors.[21]

Civil War in Secret Wars (2015)

The Civil War storyline is featured in Secret Wars where it has its own mini-series. Its location on Battleworld is referred to as the Warzone.[22]

In this story, the Stamford incident leads to a polarising political debate that culminates with the two sides clashing in the Negative Zone Prison. During the fight, Black Panther hacks into the prison's computers and sees that the portal will explode, killing most of the combatants and stranding the rest. Black Panther assumes that Stark will teleport his combatants out at the last minute, but meanwhile, S.H.I.E.L.D. director Maria Hill tells Stark that Black Panther activated the explosives on the orders of Steve Rogers. Deactivating the teleportation device, Black Panther tries to shut down the bomb. Everyone in the prison rushes to escape through the power of the hero Cloak, who drops them all in midair over St. Louis. Unfortunately, Cloak can not shut off his powers fast enough to block out the explosion. The resulting beam of explosive energy creates a vast chasm called the Divide, destroying St. Louis and leaving millions dead.

The two sides regroup, with the Pro-Registration group taking control of the land to the east of St Louis, while the Anti-Registration group takes control of the land to the west. Each side blames the other for the deaths. The East became "the Iron", run by Tony Stark, and the West became "The Blue", run by Captain America. Differences in politics have caused people to pick one side over the other, with the split ossifying every year. The only place in the country that embraces both is a community in the ruins of St. Louis, built on a bridge over a chasm between the two sides. One of its inhabitants is Miriam Sharpe, a woman who lost her child at Stamford but who wants to bring peace.

Six years after the start of the conflict, Sharpe brings the two leaders together to discuss peace. At the meeting, Miriam is able to get the two men to open up. Stark explains that the Iron has wealth and resources from trade with the outside world where the Blue is regarded as a rogue state. However, his citizens are running out of space while the Blue has twice the space but half the population. He proposes that the Blue shrink, giving his people more space in exchange for which Stark will make trade concessions. General Rogers dismisses the offer, which leads to the start of an old debate between the two men. As Miriam Sharpe tries to intervene, she is shot in the back by a sniper. Reacting first, General Rogers calls Peter Parker to catch the shooter. Parker finds a remote-controlled sniper rifle. As Miriam dies, General Rogers realizes that from the angle of the shot that the shooter was most likely aiming at him. President Stark denies the shooter is one of his, but renewed civil war seemed inevitable.[23]

President Stark sends a drone to track the killers, but it is shot down and its datacore claimed by the Blue. President Stark discovers certain anomalies regarding past events, leading him to believe that events like Sharpe's murder were caused by a third party. Meanwhile, Hank McCoy shows Rogers the results of "Project Bellcurve", a procedure capable of depowering superhumans. Numerous resources from the Iron are needed to continue the project, for which Rogers sends a team composed of Parker, Elektra, Azari, and Venom/Clint Barton to infiltrate Stark's territory. At the same time, Stark sends Jen Walters to infliltrate the Blue and continue investigating Sharpe's murder.[24]

Spider-Man's team suffers the first casualty when a Stark Sentinel kills Elektra. The team manages to overcome the rest of the defenses (including the reanimated corpse of the Kingpin controlled by Doctor Octopus' tentacles) thanks to Venom, and return to the Blue with the components needed for "Project Bellcurve." At the same time, She-Hulk had been able to infiltrate Steeltown. However, Agent Robbie Baldwin of the Punishers recognizes her and follows She-Hulk. She discovers the assassin was Bullseye. Baldwin attacks Jen as she is spying on Bullseye, and is forced to flee. Before she can leave Steeltown, she is knocked out by an unidentified attacker. She-Hulk awakes in an undisclosed location having been captured by Bullseye's client Black Panther.[25]

As the Blue prepare to invade the Iron in a last-ditch attempt at ending the war, Iron Man tracks down Jen's position and flies to rescue her. He finds her, but his armor is neutralized and stripped from him. Tony is brought to Black Panther who reveals himself as the Skrull Queen Veranke. Veranke tells him that she is the cause of every single failed attempt at reaching peace in a part of a plan to benefit from the never-ending war. Iron Man uses additional weaponry that was not in his armor to free himself, fend off the Skrull guards, and break She-Hulk free from her cage. Meanwhile, the Blue invade the Iron while General America prepares to detonate a bomb derived from Project Bellcurve.[26]

As the conflict escalates, Iron Man is able to reach General America and reveal that Bucky is a Skrull, prompting General America to accept a telepathic 'update' from Emma Frost that confirms that the Skrulls have manipulated the conflict for years. Accepting their mutual responsibility for the situation, Rogers and Stark sacrifice themselves to detonate the Bellcurve bomb. The blast depowers the superhumans and reverts the Skrulls to their true state. A few months later, a powerless Peter and Jennifer are shown discussing the tentative truce that has been formed between the two sides, and wonder whether Stark and Rogers knew that peace would be the result of their sacrifice.[27]

Civil War II (2016)

Main article: Civil War II

Marvel has announced a direct sequel to the original series which will begin in Spring 2016, written by Brian Michael Bendis and drawn by David Marquez.[28] It is not known whether the events of the Secret Wars mini series will have a bearing on the new story. On January 10, 2016, The New York Daily News posted an article with an image depicting Iron Man and Captain America on the same side of the conflict, with Captain Marvel being the leader of the opposing side, as well as the plot:

A mysterious new Marvel character comes to the attention of the world, one who has the power to calculate the outcome of future events with a high degree of accuracy. This predictive power divides the Marvel heroes on how best to capitalize on this aggregated information, with Captain Marvel leading the charge to profile future crimes and attacks before they occur, and Iron Man adopting the position that the punishment cannot come before the crime."[29]

Reception

According to a scholarly analysis presented at the 2007 Comic-Con International, this story's conflict is a natural outgrowth of what psychologist Erich Fromm called "the basic human dilemma", the conflicting desires for both security and freedom, and "character motivations on both sides arise from positive human qualities because Fromm’s image of human nature is ultimately optimistic, holding that people on either side are struggling to find what is best for all".[2]

Comic tie-ins

Road to Civil War

Civil War

From the Pages of Civil War

Epilogue

Casualties of War

The Initiative

Trade Paperbacks

Title Material collected Pages ISBN
Civil War (paperback) Civil War #1–7 208 978-0785121794
Civil War: Road to Civil War Amazing Spider-Man #529–531; Fantastic Four #536–537; New Avengers: Illuminati 160 978-0785119746
Civil War: Black Panther Black Panther #19–25 168 978-0785122357
Civil War: Captain America Captain America #22–24; Winter Soldier: Winter Kills 112 978-0785127987
Civil War Companion Civil War Files; Civil War: Battle Damage Report; Marvel Spotlight: Mark Millar/Steve McNiven; Marvel Spotlight: Civil War Aftermath; Daily Bugle: Civil War Special Edition 216 978-0785125761
Civil War: Fantastic Four Fantastic Four #538–543 176 978-0785122272
Civil War: Frontline, Vol. 1 Civil War: Frontline #1–6 208 978-0785123125
Civil War: Frontline, Vol. 2 Civil War: Frontline #7–11 160 978-0785124696
Civil War: Heroes for Hire Heroes for Hire #1–5 120 978-0785141808
Civil War: Iron Man Iron Man #13–14; Casualties of War; The Confession 112 978-0785123149
Civil War: Marvel Universe Choosing Sides; The Return; The Initiative; She-Hulk #8 136 978-0785124702
Civil War: Ms. Marvel Ms. Marvel #6–10; Ms. Marvel Special 136 978-0785123057
Civil War: New Avengers New Avengers #21–25 120 978-0785124467
Civil War: Peter Parker, Spider-Man Sensational Spider-Man #28–34 168 978-0785121893
Civil War: Punisher War Journal Punisher War Journal #1–4 144 978-0785123156
Civil War: The Amazing Spider-Man The Amazing Spider-Man #532–538 168 978-0785122371
Civil War: Thunderbolts Thunderbolts #101–105 120 978-0785119470
Civil War: War Crimes Civil War: War Crimes; Underworld #1–5 160 978-0785126522
Civil War: Wolverine Wolverine #42–48 168 978-0785119807
Civil War: X-Men Civil War: X-Men #1–4 112 978-0785123132
Civil War: X-Men Universe X-Factor #8–9; Cable & Deadpool #30–32 120 978-0785122432
Civil War: Young Avengers & Runaways Civil War: Young Avengers & Runaways #1–4 112 978-0785123170
Civil War: Script Book Scripts to Civil War #1–7 240 978-0785127949
Civil War: What If...? What If? Annihilation, Civil War, Planet Hulk, X-Men and Spider-Man Vs. Wolverine 168 978-0785130369

Collected editions

Title Material collected pages ISBN
Civil War (hardcover) Civil War #1–7; Marvel Spotlight: Civil War 512 978-0785121787
Civil War : Spider-Man Amazing Spider-Man #529-538; Sensational Spider-Man #28-34; Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man #11-16 544 978-0785148821
Civil War: Avengers New Avengers: Illuminati; New Avengers #21-25; Ms. Marvel #6-8; Iron Man/Captain America: Casualties of War; Iron Man #13-14; Winter Soldier: Winter Kills; Captain America #22-25; Civil War: Confession; Civil War: The Initiative; Civil War: Fallen Son Daily Bugle Special 552 978-0785148807
Civil War: Front Line Civil War: Front Line #1-11; Choosing Sides; The Return 432 978-0785149491
Civil War: Fantastic Four Fantastic Four #536-543; Black Panther #18-25; She-Hulk #8; Civil War: Young Avengers/Runaways #1-4 536 978-0785148814
Civil War : The Underside Thunderbolts #103-105; Moon Knight #7-12; Heroes for Hire #1-3; Civil War: War Crimes; Punisher War Journal #1-3; Ghost Rider #8-11 504 978-0785148838
Civil War: X-Men Wolverine #42-48; X-Factor #8-9; Cable & Deadpool #30-32; Civil War: X-Men #1-4; Blade #5; Civil War Files; Civil War: Battle Damage Report 520 978-0785148845

In other media

Novelization

Marvel adapted Civil War into a prose hardcover novel in July 2012 as the first of a series of four novels adapting some of Marvel's most significant fictional events. It was written by Stuart Moore, the writer of Namor: The First Mutant. The book expanded on the story and set the events during Barack Obama's first term in office, rather than George W. Bush's last term; Tony Stark makes reference to the Affordable Care Act when speaking to Spider-Man in the first chapter of the novel.[30] The novel is set in the alternate timeline created by the controversial storyline "One More Day" and detailed in "One Moment in Time", as Spider-Man is depicted as never having married Mary Jane Watson, having never arrived on the day of their wedding.[31] In the original comics version, Civil War was a lead-in to "One More Day", depicting May Parker's assassination on the orders of Wilson Fisk near the end of the main Civil War storyline.

Audiobook

Television

Video games

Film

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Civil War" (Press release). Marvel Comics. 2005-12-28.
  2. 1 2 Langley, T. (2015). Freedom versus security: The basic human dilemma from 9/11 to Marvel’s Civil War. In K. M. Scott (Ed.), Marvel Comics’ Civil War and the age of terror: Critical essays on the comic saga (pp. 69-76). Jefferson, NC: McFarland Freedom versus Security: The Basic Human Dilemma from 9/11 to Marvel’s Civil War. Retrieved on September 29, 2007.
  3. ↑ "Captain America: Civil War (2016)". Screen Rant. Screen Rant. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  4. ↑ "classic.newsarama.com – Civil War & Peace of Mind with Mark Millar (Part 2)". Retrieved 2015-03-04.
  5. ↑ "Luke Cage compares the registration act to slavery.". Retrieved 2015-08-30.
  6. ↑ "Newsarama Forum – Marvel's Civil War Delayed". Retrieved 2007-03-20.
  7. ↑ "Newsarama Forum – Civil War #6 Gets a Schedule Bump". Retrieved 2007-03-20.
  8. ↑ "Marvel Comics Catalog – Titles on Sale, Week of February 21, 2007". Retrieved 2007-03-20.
  9. ↑ "23 Amazing Spider-Man Pics". Allposters.com Blog. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
  10. ↑ Captain America vol. 5, #25 (April 2007)
  11. 1 2 Civil War #7 (Feb 2007)
  12. ↑ New Avengers vol. 1, #27 (2007)
  13. ↑ Mighty Avengers #1 (2007)
  14. ↑ Avengers: The Initiative #1 (2007)
  15. ↑ Civil War #5 (2006)
  16. ↑ Fantastic Four #543; Black Panther vol. 4, #26 (2007)
  17. ↑ Dark Reign: Fantastic Four #2
  18. ↑ Superior Spider-Man #32
  19. ↑ What If?: Civil War #1
  20. ↑ Annihilation Makes Things Civil: Hine talks "What If? Annihilation", Comic Book Resources, October 5, 2007
  21. ↑ Contest of Champions (2015) #9-10
  22. ↑ "SECRET WARS Meets Civil WAR". Newsarama.com.
  23. ↑ Civil War Vol. 2 #1
  24. ↑ Civil War Vol. 2 #2
  25. ↑ Civil War Vol. 2 #3
  26. ↑ Civil War Vol. 2 #4
  27. ↑ Civil War Vol. 2 #5
  28. ↑ "Details on Marvel's Civil War II Revealed". SuperHeroHype. Retrieved 2016-01-29.
  29. ↑ "EXCLUSIVE: Inside Marvel's meeting to kill major character". NY Daily News. Retrieved 2016-01-29.
  30. ↑ Moore, Stuart. Civil War (hardcover ed.). p. 22. ISBN 978-0-7851-6035-9.
  31. ↑ Moore, Stuart. Civil War (hardcover ed.). p. 191. ISBN 978-0-7851-6035-9.
  32. ↑ "Marvel's Spider-Man & the Avengers Will Return with All-New Seasons to Disney XD - News - Marvel.com".
  33. ↑ Marvel Ultimate Alliance 2, NYC Comic-Con 09: Exclusive Taking Sides Trailer, Game Trailers, February 5, 2009
  34. ↑ http://marvel.com/news/video_games/26109/your_man_at_marvel_games_10
  35. ↑ Strom, Marc (October 28, 2014). "Marvel Pits Captain America & Iron Man in a Cinematic Civil War". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on October 28, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  36. ↑ Siegel, Lucas (October 28, 2014). "Marvel Announces Black Panther, Captain Marvel, Inhumans, Avengers: Infinity War Films, Cap & Thor 3 Subtitles". Newsarama. Archived from the original on October 28, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  37. ↑ "Marvel Studios Begins Production on Marvel's 'Captain America: Civil War'". Marvel.com. May 7, 2015. Archived from the original on May 7, 2015. Retrieved May 7, 2015.
  38. ↑ Kit, Borys; Siegel, Tatiana (June 23, 2015). "'Spider-Man' Finds Tom Holland to Star as New Web-Slinger". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on June 24, 2015. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
  39. ↑ Hayes, Britt (October 28, 2014). "How Will 'Captain America: Civil War' Work Without Secret Identities? Marvel's Kevin Feige Explains". ScreenCrush. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
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