Circoviridae

Circoviridae
Virus classification
Group: Group II (ssDNA)
Family: Circoviridae
Genera

Circoviridae is a family of viruses. Birds and mammals serve as natural hosts. There are currently 12 species in this family, divided among 2 genera. Diseases associated with this family include: PCV-2: postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome; CAV: chicken infectious anemia.[1][2]

Structure

Viruses in Circoviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and round geometries, and T=1 symmetry. The diameter is around 20 nm. Genomes are circular and non-segmented, around 3.8kb in length. The capsid consists of 12 pentagonal trumpet shaped pentamers.[1] There are two main open reading frames arranged in opposite directions that encode the replication (Rep) and capsid (Cap) proteins. Alternative start codons are common in the avian species.

Genus Structure Symmetry Capsid Genomic arrangement Genomic segmentation
GyrovirusIcosahedralT=1Non-envelopedCircularMonopartite
CircovirusIcosahedralT=1Non-envelopedCircularMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the ssDNA rolling circle model. DNA templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear egress, and nuclear pore export.[1] A stem loop structure with a conserved nonanucleotide motif is located at the 5' intergenic region of circovirus genomes and is thought to initiate rolling-cycle replication. Birds and mammals serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are fecal-oral.[1]

Genus Host Tissue tropism Entry Release Replication site Assembly site Transmission
GyrovirusBirdsChicken: Thymocytes, erythrobalstoid cells; Egg: embryonal tissues and eggshell membraneCell receptor endocytosisBuddingNucleusNucleusHorizontal: oral-fecal; vertical: bird to egg
CircovirusBirds; pigsNoneCell receptor endocytosisBuddingNucleusNucleusHorizontal; oral-fecal

Taxonomy

Group: ssDNA

[2]

The family Circoviridae contains two genera, Circovirus and Gyrovirus, and one proposed genus: Cyclovirus.

Two yet-uncategorized circovirus-like viruses have been identified in fish—Barbel circovirus (BaCV) 1 and 2.[3] Their genomes are similar in length and contain two major open reading frames similar to the capsid and replication associated protein genes found in other circoviruses.

Clinical

A cyclovirus — cyclovirus-Vietnam — has been isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of 25 Vietnamese patients with CNS infections of unknown aetiology.[6] The same virus has been isolated from the faeces of healthy children and also from pigs and chickens. This suggests an orofaecal route of transmission with a possible animal reservoir.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  2. 1 2 ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  3. ↑ Lorincz M, Csagola A, Farkas SL, Szekely C, Tuboly T (2011) First detection and analysis of a fish circovirus. J Gen Virol
  4. ↑ Mankertz P (2008). "Molecular Biology of Porcine Circoviruses". Animal Viruses: Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-22-6.
  5. ↑ Dayaram A, Potter KA, Moline AB, Rosenstein DD, Marinov M, Thomas JE, Beitbart M, Rosario K, Argüello-Astorga GR, Varsani A (2013) High global diversity of cycloviruses amongst dragonflies. J Gen Virol
  6. ↑ Tan le V, van Doorn HR, Nghia HD, Chau TT, Tu le TP, de Vries M, Canuti M, Deijs M, Jebbink MF, Baker S, Bryant JE, Tham NT, Bkrong NT, Boni MF, Loi TQ, Phuong le T, Verhoeven JT, Crusat M, Jeeninga RE, Schultsz C, Chau NV, Hien TT, van der Hoek L, Farrar J, de Jong MD (2013) Identification of a new cyclovirus in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute central nervous system infections. MBio 4(3). pii: e00231–13. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00231-13

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 3/16/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.