Metropolitan City of Cagliari
| Metropolitan City of Cagliari | |
|---|---|
| Metropolitan City | |
|
The Royal Palace of Cagliari, the Metropolitan City seat | |
 Location of the Metropolitan City of Cagliari | |
| Country |
 Italy |
| Region | Sardinia |
| Established | 4 February 2016 |
| Capital(s) | Cagliari |
| Comuni | 17 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Massimo Zedda |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1,248 km2 (482 sq mi) |
| Population (2015) | |
| • Total | 431,657 |
| • Density | 350/km2 (900/sq mi) |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) |
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) |
| ISTAT | ? |
The Metropolitan City of Cagliari (Italian: Città metropolitana di Cagliari) is a metropolitan city in Sardinia, Italy. Its capital is the city of Cagliari and includes 17 comuni. It was established by law in 2016, and replaced the Province of Cagliari.[1] It's population comprises 432,000 inhabitants circa. The current president is the mayor of Cagliari, Massimo Zedda. According to Eurostat, the population of the Functional urban area, the commuting zone of Cagliari, rises to 476.974[2]
Geography
The Metropolitan City of Cagliari extends over the southern part of the Campidano plain, between two mountain ranges. The Sulcis Range is to the west and includes Monti Arcosu, Mote Serpeddi, and Punta Sebera. To the east is the Monte Linias Range, including Punta Serpeddì and Sette Fratelli. These mountains are composed of Ordovician shale and Carboniferous granite, and do not exceed 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). An exception is Monte Is Caravius which is 1,116 m (3,661 ft).
Climate
The most part of the Metropolitan City of Cagliari have a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild winters. The extreme values in summer are over 40 °C (104 °F), often with high humidity, while in winter, the record lows are below zero. Heavy snowfalls occur, on average, every thirty years.- Extremely hot summers and extremely cold winters. The average temperature of the coldest month, January, is about 10 °C (50 °F), and that of the warmest month, August, about 25 °C (77 °F). However, heat waves can occur, due to African anticyclone activity, starting in June. From mid-June to mid-September, rain is a rare event, usually storms in the afternoon. The rainy season starts in September, but the first cold days come in December, which is usually the wettest month. Winds are frequent, especially the mistral and sirocco; in summer days a marine sirocco breeze (s'imbattu) lowers the temperature and the humidity.
On the surrounding mountains, the climate is very different, with plentiful averages rainfalls, cold winters, and mild warm summers (Csb in the Köppen climate classification).
| Climate data for Cagliari | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 14.3 (57.7) |
14.8 (58.6) |
16.5 (61.7) |
18.6 (65.5) |
22.9 (73.2) |
27.3 (81.1) |
30.4 (86.7) |
30.8 (87.4) |
27.4 (81.3) |
23.1 (73.6) |
18.3 (64.9) |
15.4 (59.7) |
21.7 (71.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 9.9 (49.8) |
10.3 (50.5) |
11.8 (53.2) |
13.7 (56.7) |
17.7 (63.9) |
21.7 (71.1) |
24.7 (76.5) |
25.2 (77.4) |
22.3 (72.1) |
18.4 (65.1) |
13.8 (56.8) |
11.0 (51.8) |
16.7 (62.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 5.5 (41.9) |
5.8 (42.4) |
7.1 (44.8) |
8.9 (48) |
12.4 (54.3) |
16.2 (61.2) |
18.9 (66) |
19.6 (67.3) |
17.1 (62.8) |
13.7 (56.7) |
9.3 (48.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
11.8 (53.2) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 49.7 (1.957) |
53.3 (2.098) |
40.4 (1.591) |
39.7 (1.563) |
26.1 (1.028) |
11.9 (0.469) |
4.1 (0.161) |
7.5 (0.295) |
34.9 (1.374) |
52.6 (2.071) |
58.4 (2.299) |
48.9 (1.925) |
427.5 (16.831) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 4.4 | 2.1 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 4.3 | 6.5 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 61.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 136.4 | 139.2 | 186.0 | 213.0 | 269.7 | 288.0 | 334.8 | 310.0 | 246.0 | 198.4 | 147.0 | 127.1 | 2,595.6 |
| Source: Servizio Meteorologico,[3] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Is Cannoneris near Punta Sebera m. 716 on sea level | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 9.2 (48.6) |
10.2 (50.4) |
12 (54) |
13.7 (56.7) |
18.3 (64.9) |
22.6 (72.7) |
26.4 (79.5) |
27.9 (82.2) |
23.4 (74.1) |
18.2 (64.8) |
13.8 (56.8) |
10.9 (51.6) |
17.2 (63) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.7 (44.1) |
7.3 (45.1) |
8.8 (47.8) |
10.4 (50.7) |
14.4 (57.9) |
19.0 (66.2) |
22.0 (71.6) |
23.7 (74.7) |
19.6 (67.3) |
15.4 (59.7) |
11.2 (52.2) |
7.9 (46.2) |
13,9 (56.96) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 3.1 (37.6) |
5.2 (41.4) |
5.8 (42.4) |
7.8 (46) |
11.5 (52.7) |
15.5 (59.9) |
19.7 (67.5) |
19.4 (66.9) |
16.2 (61.2) |
12.7 (54.9) |
9.1 (48.4) |
5.6 (42.1) |
11.0 (51.8) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 156 (6.14) |
155 (6.1) |
128 (5.04) |
95 (3.74) |
64 (2.52) |
17 (0.67) |
4 (0.16) |
15 (0.59) |
49 (1.93) |
128 (5.04) |
141 (5.55) |
178 (7.01) |
1,130 (44.49) |
| Source: Servizio Meteorologico | |||||||||||||
Metropolitan Municipalities
| Municipality (in Italian and Sardinian) | Area (km²) | Census 2001 | January 2016 | % | Inhab./km² | Distance from city center (km) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cagliari / Casteddu | 85.45 | 164,249 | 154,460 | -6,0 | 1, 808 | 0 |
| Quartu Sant'Elena / Quartu Sant'Aleni | 96.20 | 68,040 | 71 125 | 4,5 | 739 | 9 |
| Selargius/Ceraxius | 26.71 | 27,440 | 28,975 | 5,6 | 1,085 | 9 |
| Assemini / Assèmini | 117.50 | 23,973 | 26,686 | 11,3 | 227 | 14 |
| Capoterra / Cabuderra | 68.25 | 21,391 | 23,661 | 10,6 | 347 | 20 |
| Sestu | 48.32 | 15,233 | 20,786 | 36,5 | 430 | 11 |
| Monserrato / Pauli | 6.50 | 20,356 | 20,055 | -2,5 | 3,085 | 7 |
| Sinnai / Sìnnia | 223.38 | 15,235 | 17,225 | 13,0 | 77 | 15 |
| Quartucciu | 27.87 | 10,766 | 13,224 | 22,8 | 474 | 9 |
| Elmas / Su Masu | 13.70 | 7,930 | 9,395 | 18,5 | 686 | 10 |
| Uta / Uda | 134.46 | 6,692 | 8,553 | 27,8 | 64 | 29 |
| Decimomannu / Deximumannu | 28.05 | 6,836 | 8,139 | 19,1 | 290 | 19 |
| Maracalagonis | 101.60 | 6,731 | 7,912 | 17,5 | 78 | 18 |
| Pula | 138.79 | 6,535 | 7,422 | 13,6 | 53 | 33 |
| Settimo San Pietro | 23.21 | 5,949 | 6,697 | 12,6 | 289 | 13 |
| Sarroch / Sarroccu | 67.88 | 5,243 | 5,244 | 0,0 | 77 | 25 |
| Villa San Pietro / Santu Perdu | 39.61 | 1,778 | 2,098 | 18,0 | 53 | 21 |
| Total | 1,248.42 | 414,377 | 431,657 | 4,2 | 346 |
As 470 km² are covered by forests, lagoons, ponds and salt marshes, the really populated area is 777.8 km². So the real population density rises to 553 Inhab./km².
In 1861, the year of unification of Italy, the municipalities of the current metropolitan city had 67,063 inhabitants, while the city proper had 33,491. Since then the city had a population growth of 461%, while the metropolitan municipalities as an all had an increase of 644%. In that year Cagliari had a population that was the 50% of the metropolitan area, while now it is only the 36%.
Economy
According to 2014 data from the Ministry of Economy and Finance,[4] the per capita income of the residents of Cagliari was 122% of the national average, for the metropolitan area it was 103%, and for Sardinia as a whole, it was 86%. The 26% of the island population that lives in Cagliari Metropolitan City, produces 31% of the island's GDP, and the urban-area income is greater than that of the rest of Sardinia. According to Eurostat, in 2009, the metropolitan area of Cagliari had a per capita purchasing power standard (PPS) of 21.699 euros, which is 92.4% of the European Union (27) data.[5]
On the other hand, the Metropolitan City suffers an high unemployment rate, 17,7%, higher not only of that of the national one, 12,2%, but of that of the regional one as well, 17,5%.[6]
The traditional economy is based on agriculture: the cultivation of wheat, olive groves and vineyards, gardens and orchards where there was plenty of water in the dry summer. The mountains were exploited for firewood and coal that were sold at Cagliari. There were mines, particularly the Iron mine of San Leone in the territory of Assemini. There are, also, large salt pans east and west of Cagliari.
Currently, the capital city holds most of the administrative offices, the retail trade (particularly in the historic center), financial services, professional offices, and health services. Industry, warehousing, and major shopping centers are concentrated in the other municipalities of the metropolitan area. Tourism is concentrated along the coast.
In 2014, the Cagliari-Sarroch port system was the third largest in Italy, as measured by amount of goods transferred.[7]
The Macchiareddu-Grogastru area between Cagliari and Capoterra, in conjunction with the Port of Cagliari, is the most important industrial area of Sardinia. The port includes the Cagliari International Container Terminal (CICT) at Giorgino, which had an annual traffic capacity of 1,000,000 TEU's in 2002.[8] Multinational corporations like Coca Cola, Heineken, Unilever, Bridgestone and Eni Group have factories in this area. Within the metropolitan area at Sarroch, there is one of the six oil refinery supersites in Europe, called Saras. The communications provider, Tiscali, has its headquarters in the boroughs of Cagliari.
Main sights
Churches
In the municipalities of the metropolitan area there are religious buildings that date back to the beginnings of the Christian presence in Sardinia. The crypts of the churches of Santa Restituta and Saint Ephysius in Cagliari are examples of cave churches officiated in the first centuries of the Christian era. The first church built after the Edict of Thessalonica of Theodosius I, who made Christianity the state religion of the Roman Empire, was the church of Saint Saturninus in Cagliari. Little now remains of the Byzantine period: the only building arrived up to us, is the small church of San Giovanni in Assemini. However many are the Romanesque churches, among which stands out the church of Saint Mary in Uta, and the Baroque churches suchs as the Shrine of Our Lady of Bonaria.
Archaeological sites
In the metropolitan area there are ruins of neolithic and chalcolithic villages, and several domus de Janas. There are also many nuraghes; the Nuraghe Diana on the coast of Quartu Sant'Elena and the nuraghes Sa Domu de S'Orcu and Antigori on the coast of Sarroch are particularly important. A deep, sacred well is located in Settimo San Pietro and a giants' grave, Is Concias, in the territory of Quartucciu. In the city of Nora, there are ruins of the Punic and Roman periods. The Tuvixeddu necropolis and a Roman Amphitheatre are located in Cagliari.
Metropolitan forests
The metropolitan area is delimited to the east and west by high mountain ranges, largely covered by Mediterranean forests, dominated by evergreen, oak, cork oak, and arbutus. The forests are managed by the Regional Forest Agency and extend for 273 km2 (105 sq mi), about 22% of the total surface. To the west is the Monte Arcosu – Piscinamanna Forest which is 35,000 hectares (86,000 acres). Within this forest is the WWF (World Wildlife Fund) Monte Arcosu Oasis, created to protect the subspecies of Sardinian deer (Cervus elaphus ssp. Corsicanus). The oasis is 3,600 hectares (8,900 acres).
The Regional Agency manages other forests west of Cagliari City: Is Cannoneris is 4,768 hectares (11,780 acres), Monti Nieddu is 2,451 hectares (6,060 acres), and Gutturu Mannu is 4,768 hectares (11,780 acres).[9] To the east, the Agency manages the Campidano Forest which is 1,600 hectares (4,000 acres), and the forest of the Sette Fratelli (Seti Fradis in Sardinian, to be translated into "Seven Brothers") which is about 10,000 hectares (25,000 acres). The mountain of Sette Fratelli, which is covered by the forest, is a vast massif with many crested peaks, seven of which are visible from Cagliari.
The environment of the metropolitan city varies with altitude in both temperature and precipitation. In the municipality of Pula, for example, the coastal plain has an annual average rainfall of about 450 mm (18 in), while the mountains (Is Cannoneris, about 800 meters above sea level) have more than 1,200 mm (47 in). The forests are populated by Sardinian deer (Cervus elaphus corsicanus), now saved from near-extinction, the fallow deer, reintroduced after its extinction from the area, wild boars, foxes, and European pine martens.
Metropolitan beaches
In the municipalities of the metropolitan area there are numerous beaches. One of the biggest is the Poetto beach of Cagliari and Quartu Sant'Elena, 10 km (6.2 mi) of fine sand in front of the Sella del Diavolo. To the east of Cagliari are the beaches of Geremeas (commune of Maracalagonis) and Solanas (commune of Sinnai), and to the west are the beaches of Nora and Santa Margherita (commune of Pula).The surrounding municipalities not part Metropolitan City of Villasimius, Castiadas and Domus de Maria possess some of the most famous beaches of Sardinia.
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Folk customs and traditional dresses
The Sagra or feast of Saint Ephisius, 1 May, is the most gorgeous folk rite of the area. The statue of the Saint, loaded on a pompous carriage, is carried from the crypt where he was being held, to Nora where he was martyrized. Its carriage, accompanied by Sardinian militiamen, the Alter Nos (the mayor's representative), folk groups wearing traditional clothes, on foot or on elaborately decorated waggons (traccas), and finally believers, proceeds for 32 km. Thousands of people, peasants and tourists alike, attend the event. On May 4, at dusk, the saint returns to the city, in a more intimate procession.
Another folk custom is sa coja antiga ( l'antico sposalizio selargino in Italian, or the antique selargino marriage in English), the traditional wedding ceremony typical of Selargius. Accompanied by religious songs in Sardinian language, the engaged couple approaches the altar, where they sign the marriage contract with the exchange of a love written promise that will be unveiled only after 25 years of marriage. After the ceremony, the groom puts his pinkie in the ring of a chain that surrounds the waist of the bride, an ancient token of bond.
Language
The Metropolitan City's indigenous language is Sardinian in its Campidanese variety, but it is losing ground to Italian almost everywhere.
Transportation
- CTM
- ARST
- Cagliari light rail
- Cagliari Elmas Airport
- Port of Cagliari
- Cagliari-Golfo Aranci Marittima railway
- Monserrato-Isili railway
References
- ↑ Legge Regionale 4 febbraio 2016, n. 2-Regione Autonoma della Sardegna, Regione.sardegna.it, 02/04/2016
- ↑ http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&lang=en
- ↑ Tabelle climatiche 1971-2000 della stazione meteorologica di Cagliari-Elmas Ponente dall'Atlante Climatico 1971-2000 - Servizio Meteorologico dell'Aeronautica Militare
- ↑ http://www.repubblica.it/economia/2016/04/04/news/redditi_italia-136719124/
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on November 24, 2013. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
- ↑ http://www.urbistat.it/AdminStat
- ↑ http://www.assoporti.it/sites/www.assoporti.it/files/statistiche/Movimenti_portuali_2014_14lug15.pdf
- ↑ "CICT kicked into life? Cagliari, Ports and port authorities". Worldcargonews.com. January 2002. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
- ↑ "Sardegna Natura". Sardegna Turismo. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
External links
Media related to Metropolitan City of Cagliari at Wikimedia Commons
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