Breguet Type III

This article is about the Breguet aircraft of 1910-1913. For the unrelated aircraft of the same designation flown in World War I, see Breguet Bre.4 and Breguet Bre.5.

Breguet Type III

Breguet III with wings folded for transport.
Role	Experimental aircraft
Manufacturer	Breguet
Designer	Louis Breguet
First flight	1910

The Breguet Type III was an early biplane built by Louis Breguet in France in 1910.

Design and development

The Breguet Type III, which first flew in April 1910, was a development of the Type II which Breguet had built and flown earlier that year. Eliminating the upper booms that had helped to carry the tail surfaces of the earlier aircraft, it had what is now seen as the conventional biplane configuration, with a fuselage containing a front-mounted engine driving a tractor propeller and control and stabilising surfaces mounted at the rear. At the time this was an unusual layout: the Goupy II which had first flown the previous year was the first aircraft of this configuration to be successful. Like Breguet's earlier aircraft, extensive use of metal was made in its construction: the structure of the rectangular-section fuselage, wing spars and interplane struts were steel, and the ribs were aluminium pressings.

The lower wings were mounted on a short spar mounted below the lower longerons and the upper wing was supported by only four struts, two inboard supporting the centre section of the wing, and one on either side connecting the mainspars of the wings near the wingtips. The mainspars of the wing panels were connected to the centre-section spar by knuckle joints, so that the wings could easily be folded back for road or rail transport.

Four small vertical stabilisers were mounted below the upper wing, and a pair of supplementary control surfaces were mounted below the fuselage. These were intended for lateral control, and were operated in conjunction with wing-warping The rear-mounted empennage initially consisted of a fixed fin and rudder and a rectangular elevator, with no fixed horizontal surface, but this was soon replaced by a cruciform assembly combining rudder and elevator, connected to the fuselage by a universal joint. This unusual arrangement became a characteristic of the aircraft manufactured by Breguet before World War I.

The prototype was powered by a 50 hp (37 kW) Gnome Omega driving a three-bladed aluminium propeller through a 2:1 reduction gear. Later aircraft were produced with other powerplants.

Operational history

A Type III gained fame in August 1910 by being the first aircraft to lift six people.

Operators

France

French Air Force

Specifications (example shown at 1910 Paris Aero Salon)

Data from ^[1]

General characteristics

Length: 9.2 m (30 ft 2 in)
Upper wingspan: 13.2 m (43 ft 4 in)
Lower wingspan: 9.9 m (32 ft 6 in)
Wing area: 38 m² (410 sq ft)
Empty weight: 475 kg (1,047 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × R.E.P. 1910 60hp 5-cyl. 2-row semi-radial, 45 kW (60 hp)

References

Notes

↑ "The Breguet biplane." Flight magazine, 17 December 1910.

Bibliography

L'Aérophile, 15 June 1910, pp. 273ff.
Opdycke, Leonard E. French Aeroplanes Before the Great War. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer, 1999. ISBN 0-7643-0752-5.

Aircraft produced by Breguet Aviation

Early types	Aerhydroplane Gyroplane Type I Type II Type III Type IV (1910) Type IV (1914) Type V Type A Type G Type U Type LE

Model numbers	4 5 6 12 14 16 17 19 20 22 230 26T 27 270 271 273 274 280T 390T 392T 393T 410 460 462 470 482 500 521 522 530 610 670 690 691 693 694 695 696 730 731 790 791 792 890 891 892 893 894 895 900 901 902 904 905 906 940 941 960 1001 1002 1004 1100 1050 1150

By name	Alizé Atlantic Atlantique 2 Bellatrix Bizerte BLC BUC BUM Choucas Colmar de Chasse Deux-Ponts Épaulard Fauvette Fulgur Integral Jaguar Leviathan Louisette Mars Mercure Michelin Mouette Nautilus Nymphale Provence Sahara Saigon Taon Universale Vultur (carrier attack aircraft) Vulture (medium bomber)

Helicopters	Gyroplane Gyroplane Laboratoire Breguet G.11E Breguet G.111

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