Bohinj Railway

Jesenice–Nova Gorica–Trieste Campo Marzio Bohinj Railway
Solkan Bridge, the second-longest stone bridge in the world[1]
Line number:	70
Line length:	129 km/82 mi
Track gauge:	14m35
Voltage:	Villa Opicina–Trieste: 3 kV DC
Maximum incline:	25  %
Maximum speed:	80
Legend from Rosenbach (Villach and Klagenfurt) 0.0 Jesenice Line to Ljubljana Sava 2.6 Kočna A2 4.8 Vintgar Dobrava Tunnel 50 m Radovna Creek Vintgar Tunnel 1,181 m 7.5 Podhom 10.0 Bled Jezero Bled Tunnel 189 m Sedlo Tunnel 509 m Bela Tunnel 253 m 14.1 Bohinjska Bela Oberne Tunnel 1,295 m Galerie I 167 m Soteska 23.7 Nomenj 27.9 Bohinjska Bistrica Bohinj Tunnel 6,327.4 m 35.2 Podbrdo Kuk Tunnel 102 m Galerie II 43 m 40.3 Hudajužna Hudajužna Tunnel 311 m Bača Kupovo Tunnel 54 m Bača Humar Tunnel 88 m Bača Bača Bukovo Tunnel 937 m Bača Bača 46.9 Grahovo ob Bači Bača Grahovo Tunnel 202 m Kneža Tunnel 384 m Kneža Klavže Tunnel 170 m Bača 50.4 Podmelec Rakovec Tunnel 292 m Bača Bača Bača Tunnel 46 m 102 Idrijca 55.8 Most na Soči Most na Soči Tunnel 619 m Dobročnik Tunnel I 41 m Dobročnik Tunnel II 78 m Skrt Tunnel 390 m Log Tunnel 804 m Schlundbach Vogršček Tunnel 221 m Doblar Tunnel 348 m Avče Tunnel 341 m 64.1 Avče Galerie III 130 m Auzza SočaIsonzo Kanal Tunnel 175 m 69.9 CanaleKanal 73.1 Anhovo 75.8 Plave Zopatbach Plave Tunnel 450 m Vrhulj Tunnel 348 m Galerie IV 143 m Galerie V 82 m Solkan Bridge ; 220 m 86.8 Solkan 89.1 Nova Gorica Kostanjevica Tunnel 228 m to Gorizia Centrale 92.3 Šempeter pri GoriciSt. Peter 95.7 Volčja Draga Liak 97.1 Okroglica 100.1 Prvačina Vipava to Ajdovščina 101.5 Dornberk Tabor Tunnel 155 m Vipava Vipava 103.2 Steske Kuk Tunnel 107 m Maklavi 106.3 Branik Branik Tunnel I 119 m Branik Tunnel II 199 m Branzca Tunnel 170 m Štanjel Tunnel 532 m 113.2 ŠtanjelSt. Daniel 117.3 Kopriva 119.8 Dutovlje Kreplje to Sežana (since 1948) Repentabor 19.466 State border Slovenia–Italy former Austrian Southern Railway (Section Šentilj–Trieste) Trieste–Ljubljana; now Autoporto Fernetti branch Austrian Southern Railway (Section Šentilj–Trieste) from Ljubljana 15.695 Villa Opicina Junction track with former Opicina South station Austrian Southern Railway (Section Šentilj–Trieste) to Trieste Centrale Opicina Tunnel 1,054 m 8.00 Guardiella Revoltella Tunnel 1,280 m 5.00 Rozzol-Montebellountil 2003 [2] from Trieste Centrale from Trieste Aquilinia / from Erpelle / Narrow-gauge railway from Parenzo 0.799 Trieste Campo Marzio

The Bohinj Railway (Slovene: Bohinjska proga, Italian: Transalpina, German: Wocheiner Bahn) is a railway in Slovenia and Italy. It connects Jesenice in Slovenia with Trieste in Italy. It was built by Austria-Hungary from 1900 to 1906 as a part of a new strategic railway, the Neue Alpenbahnen, that would connect Western Austria and Southern Germany with the then Austro-Hungarian port of Trieste. The line starts in Jesenice, at the Southern end of the Karawanks Tunnel; it then crosses the Julian Alps through the Bohinj Tunnel, and passes the border town of Nova Gorica before crossing the Italian border and reaching Trieste.

During the First World War, it carried the majority of Austrian military supplies to the Isonzo Front. Due to new political divisions in Europe, with the dissolution of Austria-Hungary into separate states in 1918 and the isolation of communist Yugoslavia after 1945, the railway decreased in importance during the twentieth century. However, Slovenia's accession to the European Union has created new prospects for the railway as a convenient passenger and freight route from Central and Eastern Europe to the port of Trieste.

Distinctive features of the railway are the 6,339 metre-long Bohinj Tunnel under 1,498 meter high Mount Kobla and the Solkan Bridge with its 85 meter wide arch over the Soča River.

Names

• The Slovenian name for the railway is Bohinjska proga (Bohinj railway), referring to both the valley and the town of Bohinj.
• The German name for it is Wocheiner Bahn (the German name of Bohinj); the southern part of the railway, beyond Nova Gorica, has also been known as the Karstbahn. At the time of construction, the official designation was Karawanken- und Wocheinerbahn, in reference to the Karawanks railway from which it originates in Jasenice: together with it and the Tauern Railway (Tauernbahn), it formed the New Alpine Railways project (Neue Alpenbahnen).
• In Italian, the railway is known as the Transalpina (the Cross-Alps Railway), and that name is still used for the Italian services between Gorizia and Trieste.

History

The political decision

In 1869, the Trieste Chamber of Commerce had sent a petition to the Emperor Franz Joseph, in which they argued that the opening that year of the Suez Canal would indubitably lead to further development of Trieste, the main port of the Austro-Hungarian Empire; therefore, a second railway line to Vienna or the northern parts of Austria would be needed to support increased maritime traffic, in addition to the existing Austrian Southern Railway. The discussion regarding the path that new railway would take was however not easily settled, and would actually lead to a " nearly thirty year long war".^[3]

Only by 1901 was this dispute settled. On 12 February of that year, the Minister for Railway Affairs of Austria Heinrich Ritter von Wittek brought a bill to the attention of the Imperial Council (the Austrian parliament) for the construction of new railways and public investment in them. After approval by both chambers, the Emperor signed the bill into law on 6 June 1901.^[4]

Among other provisions, the law provided that the Karawanks and Wocheiner (now Bohijn) railways should be built by 1905 as main lines of the first rank. The cost of that railway was estimated at 103.6 million Kronen, by far the most expensive railway project in the law. That cost would be covered by the issue of government bonds.

To overhaul such a large project, the Minister named a Construction Director directly subordinate to him, the engineer Karl Wurmb. In 1905, both Minister Wittek and Wurmb would be subjected to parliamentary critic regarding the cost overruns incurred by the construction due to geological difficulties.

See also

• Piazza della Transalpina

References

Literature

• "Die Eisenbahnneubauten in Oesterreich. Wocheiner-Bahn" (PDF). Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung. Nachrichten der Reichs- und Staatsbehörden. Berlin: Herausgegeben im Ministerium der Öffentlichen Arbeiten. XXIII (56): 357ff. 1903.  ZDB-ID 200914-6
• Die Wocheiner Bahn (Hiezu 12 Bilder). In: Österreichs Illustrierte Zeitung, Year 1905, Nr. 44/1905, p. 998 f. (Online bei ANNO)Template:ANNO/Maintenance/oiz.
• Hofmann, Albert (1906). "Die Eröffnung der Wocheiner Linie der neuen Alpenbahn Salzburg-Triest" (PDF). Deutsche Bauzeitung. Berlin: Verlag der Deutschen Bauzeitung. XL (62): 422ff.  ZDB-ID 211963-8
• Benesch, Fritz (1910). "Verkehrsbuch österreichischer Eisenbahnen". Krain und Küstenland. Wien: Reisser. 
• Der Bau des Wocheiner Tunnels. In: Allgemeine Bauzeitung, Year 1911, LXXVI. Jahrgang, p. 25–41 sowie Pläne 16–21. (Online bei ANNO)Template:ANNO/Maintenance/abz.
• Siebente Auflage (1912). "Illustrierter Führer auf den k.k. Österreichischen Staatsbahnen". Für die Strecken Schwarzach-St. Veit–Badgastein–Villach, Villach–Rosenbach–Assling–Görz–Triest. Wien: Steyrermühl (36). 
• Heinersdorff, Richard (1975). Die k.u.k. privilegierten Eisenbahnen der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie. vol 1. Wien: Verlag Fritz Molden. ISBN 3-217-00571-6. 
• Pilgram, Gerhard; Berger, Wilhelm (2006). Das Weite suchen. Zu Fuß von Kärnten nach Triest. Ein Wander-Reise-Lesebuch. Gerhard Maurer illustrator. Klagenfurt: Carinthia-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-85378-594-2. 
• Oberegger, Elmar (2007). "Die wichtigsten Hauptbahnen". Alpen-Donau-Adria-Raumes. Sattledt: Eigenverlag Info-Büro für Österreichische Eisenbahngeschichte.  ZDB-ID 2387534-3
• Rustja, Karol (1990). Proga predorov (in Slovenian) (2nd ed.). Ljubljana: Železniško gospodarstvo, Odsek za muzejsko dejavnost.  COBISS 13198338

External links

• Media related to Bohinj Railway at Wikimedia Commons