Arendalsk
| Arendalsk | |
|---|---|
| Region | Arendal |
|
Indo-European
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | None |
Arendalsk, Arendal dialect or Arendal Norwegian (Bokmål and Nynorsk: Arendalsk, Arendalsdialekten; the Arendal dialect: Ændalsk) is a dialect of Norwegian used in Arendal.
Phonology
- Intervocalic /p, t, k/ are realized as voiced [b, d, ɡ]. This feature appeared in this dialect in the 20th century.[1][2]
- A uvular [ʀ] realization of /r/ was established in Arendal before the 20th century.[1][2]
- /ʀ/ is frequently dropped, so that e.g. Lars becomes Læs.[2]
- The ending ⟨–er⟩ is pronounced [ɔ], so that the word for 'basement' is kjeller in Bokmål, but kjellå in the Arendal dialect.[1][2]
According to the linguist Gjert Kristoffersen, a very recent change is that the postvocalic /ʀ/ is vocalized to [æ̯], rather than dropped. The phonetic diphthongs [ʉæ̯] and [uæ̯] may be monophthongized and lowered to, respectively, [œː] and [ɔː], so that the words for 'to do gymnastics' and 'thorn' (which phonemically are, respectively, /²tʉʀne/ and /²tuʀne/) vary in their phonetic realization between, respectively, [ˈtʰʉ̞̂æ̯nə̌ ~ ˈtʰœ̂ːnə̌] and [ˈtʰʊ̂æ̯nə̌ ~ ˈtʰɔ̂ːnə̌]. This process may be extended to mid vowels.[3]
Tonemes
Phonetic realization
Tonemes of the Arendal dialect are the same as those of the Oslo dialect; accent 1 is low-rising, whereas accent 2 is falling-rising.[4]
Notable speakers
- Gjert Kristoffersen[3]
- Rockebandet Ændal, a heavy metal band that sings in the Arendal dialect
References
- 1 2 3 ""E kåmmår hen te du i sta" — Eydehavnportalen". Retrieved 24 July 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 "Litt om arendalsdialekten - Arendal kommune". Retrieved 24 July 2015.
- 1 2 Kristoffersen (2000), p. 36.
- ↑ Kristoffersen (2000), pp. 236–237.
Bibliography
- Kristoffersen, Gjert (2000), The Phonology of Norwegian, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-823765-5