Adipokine

The adipokines, or adipocytokines (Greek adipo-, fat; cytos-, cell; and -kinos, movement) are cytokines (cell signaling proteins) secreted by adipose tissue. The first adipokine to be discovered was leptin in 1994.^[1] Since that time, hundreds of adipokines have been discovered.^[2]

Members include:

Leptin
Adiponectin
Apelin^[3]
chemerin^[4]
interleukin-6 (IL-6)^[5]
monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)^[6]
plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)
retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4)
tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)
visfatin
omentin
vaspin
progranulin
CTRP-4

In addition, interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and inducible protein 10 (IP-10 or CXCL10) have been shown to be associated with excessive body weight.^[7]

Notes

↑ Conde J, Scotece M, Gómez R, López V, Gómez-Reino JJ, Lago F, Gualillo O (2011). "Adipokines: biofactors from white adipose tissue. A complex hub among inflammation, metabolism, and immunity". BIOFACTORS. 37 (6): 413–420. doi:10.1002/biof.185. PMID 22038756.
↑ Lehr S, Hartwig S, Sell H (2012). "Adipokines: a treasure trove for the discovery of biomarkers for metabolic disorders". PROTEOMICS. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS. 6 (1-2): 91–101. doi:10.1002/prca.201100052. PMID 22213627.
↑ Guo L, Li Q, Wang W, Yu P, Pan H, Li P, Sun Y, Zhang J. Endocr Res. 2009;34(4):142-54.
↑ MacDougald1, Ormond A. and Burant, Charles F. (September 2007) "The Rapidly Expanding Family of Adipokines" Cell Metabolism 6: pp. 159-161
↑ Monzillo, Lais U. (2003) "Effect of Lifestyle Modification on Adipokine Levels in Obese Subjects with Insulin Resistance" Obesity Research 11(9): pp. 1048-1054
↑ Christiansen T., Richelsen B., and Bruun J.M. (2005) "Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is produced in isolated adipocytes, associated with adiposity and reduced after weight loss in morbid obese subjects" International Journal of Obesity 29: pp. 146–150
↑ Sharabiani, MT; Vermeulen R; Scoccianti C; Hosnijeh FS; Minelli L; Sacerdote C; Palli D; Krogh V; Tumino R; Chiodini P; Panico S; Vineis P. (May 2011). "Immunologic profile of excessive body weight". Biomarkers. 16 (3): 243–51. doi:10.3109/1354750X.2010.547948. PMID 21506696.

External links

Adipokines at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

Cytokine receptor modulators

Chemokine

See here instead.

CSF

Erythropoietin	Agonists: ARA-290 Asialo erythropoietin Carbamylated erythropoietin CNTO-530 Darbepoetin alfa Epoetin alfa Epoetin beta Epoetin delta Epoetin epsilon Epoetin gamma Epoetin kappa Epoetin omega Epoetin theta Epoetin zeta Erythropoietin (EPO) Erythropoietin-Fc Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (CERA/Mircera) Peginesatide Pegol sihematide (EPO-018B)

G-CSF (CSF3)	Agonists: Filgrastim Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor Lenograstim Leridistim Lipegfilgrastim Nartograstim Pegfilgrastim Pegnartograstim

GM-CSF (CSF2)	Agonists: Ecogramostim Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor Milodistim Molgramostim Regramostim Sargramostim Antibodies: Mavrilimumab MOR103 Namilumab

M-CSF (CSF1)	Agonists: Cilmostim Interleukin-34 Lanimostim Macrophage colony-stimulating factor Mirimostim Kinase inhibitors: Agerafenib

SCF (c-Kit)	See here instead.

Thrombopoietin	Agonists: Eltrombopag Pegacaristim Promegapoietin Romiplostim Thrombopoietin (THPO, MGDF)

Interferon

IFNAR (α/β, I)	Agonists: Albinterferon Interferon alpha (interferon alfa, IFN-α) Interferon alfa (IFNA1, IFNA2, IFNA4, IFNA5, IFNA6, IFNA7, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA13, IFNA14, IFNA16, IFNA17, IFNA21) Interferon alfa 2a Interferon alfa 2b Interferon alfa n1 Interferon alfacon-1 Interferon alpha-n3 Interferon beta (IFN-β) (IFNB1, IFNB3) Interferon beta 1a Interferon beta 1b Interferon kappa (IFN-ε/κ/τ/ζ, IFNK) Interferon omega (IFN-ω, IFNW1) Peginterferon alfa-2a Peginterferon alfa-2b Antibodies: Anifrolumab Faralimomab MEDI-545 Rontalizumab Sifalimumab Decoy receptors: Bifarcept

IFNGR (γ, II)	Agonists: Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) Interferon gamma 1b Antibodies: Emapalumab Fontolizumab

IFNLR (λ, III)	See IL-28R (IFNLR) here instead.

Interleukin

See here instead.

TGFβ

See here instead.

TNF

See here instead.

Others

JAK
(inhibitors)

JAK1	Baricitinib Filgotinib Momelotinib Ruxolitinib Tofacitinib (tasocitinib, CP-690550) Upadacitinib

JAK2	AG-490 Atiprimod AZD-1480 Baricitinib CHZ868 Cucurbitacin I (elatericin B, JSI-124) CYT387 Lestaurtinib NSC-7908 NSC-33994 Pacritinib Ruxolitinib SD-1008 Tofacitinib (tasocitinib, CP-690550)

JAK3	AG-490 Cercosporamide TCS-21311 Tofacitinib (tasocitinib, CP-690550) WHI-P 154 ZM-39923 ZM-449829

Others

Additional cytokines: Cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1)
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L)
Leukemia/leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF)
Oncostatin M (OSM)
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)

Additional cytokine receptor modulators: Emfilermin
Lestaurtinib
Midostaurin
Quizartinib
Sorafenib
Sunitinib

See also: Peptide receptor modulators
Growth factor receptor modulators

Intercellular signaling peptides and proteins / ligands

Growth factors	Epidermal growth factor Fibroblast growth factor Nerve growth factor Platelet-derived growth factor Transforming growth factor beta superfamily Vascular endothelial growth factor

Ephrin	EFNA1 EFNA2 EFNA3 EFNA4 EFNA5 EFNB1 EFNB2 EFNB3

Other	Adipokine Agouti signaling protein Agouti-related protein Angiogenic protein CCN intercellular signaling protein Cysteine-rich protein 61 Connective tissue growth factor Nephroblastoma overexpressed protein Cytokine Endothelin EDN1 EDN2 EDN3 Hedgehog protein Interferon Kinin Parathyroid hormone-related protein Semaphorin Somatomedin Tolloid-like metalloproteinase Tumor necrosis factor Wnt protein

see also extracellular ligand disorders

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