Abdul Razak Hussein

This article is about a former Malaysian politician. For former Burmese politician, see U Razak.
This is a Malay name; the name Hussein is a patronymic, not a family name, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Abdul Razak. The Arabic word "bin" ("b.") or "binti"/"binte" ("bt."/"bte."), if used, means "son of" or "daughter of" respectively.
Yang Amat Berbahagia Tun
Abdul Razak Hussein
S.M.N.
2nd Prime Minister of Malaysia
In office
22 September 1970 – 14 January 1976
Monarch Abdul Halim
Yahya Petra
Deputy Ismail Abdul Rahman
Hussein Onn
Preceded by Tunku Abdul Rahman
Succeeded by Hussein Onn
1st Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia
In office
31 August 1957 – 22 September 1970
Monarch Abdul Rahman
Hisamuddin
Putra
Ismail Nasiruddin
Prime Minister Abdul Rahman
Preceded by Position established
Succeeded by Ismail Abdul Rahman
Personal details
Born Abdul Razak bin Hussein
(1922-03-11)11 March 1922
Pekan, Pahang, British Malaya (now Malaysia)
Died 14 January 1976(1976-01-14) (aged 53)
London, United Kingdom
Resting place Makam Pahlawan, Masjid Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Citizenship Malaysian
Political party United Malays National Organisation (1953–1976)
Other political
affiliations		 Labour Party (1945 - 1953)
Spouse(s) Rahah Noah
Children 5 (including Najib Razak and Nazir Razak)
Alma mater Raffles College
Lincoln's Inn
Profession Lawyer
Religion Sunni Islam
Military service
Allegiance  Pahang
Service/branch Rejimen Askar Wataniah
Years of service 1941–1945
Rank Captain
Unit Force 136

Tun Tun Haji Abdul Razak bin Dato' Haji Hussein (Jawi: عبدال رازک حسین) (11 March 1922 – 14 January 1976) was the second Prime Minister of Malaysia, ruling from 1970 to 1976.

Tun Razak was the Prime Minister responsible in setting up Barisan Nasional, which is the ruling coalition of political parties that have held power in Malaysia till today, taking over from its predecessor, the Alliance. He is also renowned for launching the Malaysian New Economic Policy (MNEP).

Background

Born in Pekan, Pahang on 11 March 1922,[1] Tun Razak is the first of two children to Dato' Hussein bin Mohd Taib and Datin Hajah Teh Fatimah bt Daud. Of aristocratic descent, Abdul Razak studied at the Malay College Kuala Kangsar.

After joining the Malay Administrative Service in 1939, he was awarded a scholarship to study at Raffles College in Singapore in 1940. His studies at the college ceased with the onset of the Second World War. During the war he helped organise the Wataniah resistance movement in Pahang.[2]

After World War II, Tun Razak left for Britain in 1947 to study law. In 1950 he received a law degree and qualified as barrister at Lincoln's Inn in London. During his student days in England, Tun Razak was a member of the British Labour Party and a prominent student leader of the Kesatuan Melayu Great Britain (Malay Association of Great Britain). He also formed the Malayan Forum, an organisation for Malayan students to discuss their country's political issues.

Political involvement

Deputy Prime Minister Razak greeting New Zealand Prime Minister Walter Nash in 1960.

Upon his return from the United Kingdom, in 1950, Tun Razak joined the Malayan Civil Service.[1] Owing to his political calibre, he became the youth chief for United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). Two years later, he worked as the Assistant State Secretary of Pahang and in February 1955, at just 33 years of age, became Pahang's Chief Minister.

Razak stood in and won a seat in Malaysia's first general elections in July 1955 and was appointed as the Education Minister. He was instrumental in the drafting of the Razak Report which formed the basis of the Malayan education system. Tun Razak was also a key member of the February 1956 mission to London to seek the independence of Malaya from the British.[1]

After the general elections in 1959, he became the Minister of Rural Development in addition to holding the portfolios of Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence, which he held from 1957.[1] His achievements include formulating the development policy known as the Red Book.

Infusing young blood

At the time of Separation of Singapore from the Federation of Malaysia in 1965, Tun Razak realised that UMNO needed more young leaders in the party. Faced with, amongst other things Lee Kuan Yew's considerable rhetorical skills, Razak wanted young Malay leaders – grounded in their own faith and culture – who would be able to speak and if necessary debate both in the Malay language and English language.

Razak understood that power resided in the Malay community and that for this power to be wielded effectively, the elite among the Malays had to be an elite determined by ability, aptitude and commitment to the nation as a whole. Class, birth and money were secondary in his calculations.

As a consequence of this initiative, the then young leaders of mixed heritage in UMNO, such as Mahathir Mohamad, were drafted into higher echelons of the political establishment.

In 1967 he was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for community leadership.

Prime Ministership

After the 13 May Incident in 1969, his faction in UMNO overthrew Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra and imposed a State of Emergency, ruling by decree as the National Operations Council until 1970.[1] On September 1970, Tun Razak succeeded Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra as the Prime Minister of Malaysia.

Tun Razak set up the Barisan Nasional or National Front on 1 January 1973 to replace the ruling Alliance Party. He increased the membership of its parties and coalitions in an effort to establish "Ketahanan Nasional" (National Strength) through political stability.

Tun Razak is also renowned for launching the Malaysian New Economic Policy (MNEP) in 1971. He and the "second generation" of Malay politicians saw the need to tackle vigorously the economic and social disparities which fuelled racial antagonism. The MNEP set two basics goals – to reduce and eventually eradicate poverty, and to reduce and eventually eradicate identification of economic function with race.

Death

Due in part to leukaemia, Abdul Razak died in office on 14 January 1976[1] while seeking medical treatment in London. He was posthumously granted the soubriquet Bapa Pembangunan (Father of Development). He was laid to rest in Heroes Mausoleum near Masjid Negara, Kuala Lumpur.

Awards and recognitions

Deputy Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak with US President John F. Kennedy at the White House in 1963

Honours of Malaysia

Places after him

Tun Abdul Razak Memorial in Kuala Lumpur.

Several places were named after him, including:

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abdul Razak bin Hussein, Tun Haji". Encyclopedia Britannica. I: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica Inc. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
  2. ↑ 1967 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership – Tun Abdul Razak
  3. ↑ "Senarai Penuh Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan Tahun 1976." (PDF).
  4. ↑ "Senarai Penuh Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan Tahun 1959." (PDF).

External links

Political offices
New office Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia
1957–1970 		Succeeded by
Ismail Abdul Rahman
Preceded by
Abdul Rahman		 Prime Minister of Malaysia
1970–1976 		Succeeded by
Hussein Onn
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